This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food safety training program for employees in foodservice operations. The developed CD-ROM was consisted of 5 parts: foodbome illness, personal hygiene, food handling in food production steps, HACCP system, and sanitary facilities. It has made slides for all contents, the animation and movie to raise interests and concentrations, and illustrations and pictures to understand. The evaluation checklists were developed 15 questionnaires including understanding(5), information(3), concentration(4), recommendation(2), and the most important factor(1) and measured by Likert 5-point scale. Fifty-four dietitians in Daegu and Gyeongbuk schools, hospitals, and industries foodservice operations responded to the surveys. The results are as follows; The most important part in the CD-ROM was personal hygiene(33.3%). The total mean was 3.95±0.41, 3.91±0.46 on understanding, 3.89±0.50 on information, 3.87±0.55 on concentration and 4.29±0.49 on recommendation. The score was significantly higher in the recommendation part than others. Overall, as the developed CD-ROM has achieved fine score, a study on the effect of education needs to be followed. Moreover, consistent and organized education by developing a variety of sanitation education methods should be conducted.

The purposes of this study were to test that complex motor training enhance motor function significantly, to test change in cerebellum, and to test the synaptic plasticity into the immunohistochemistry response of synaptophysin. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome - which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period - the effects of alcohol on body weight during periods were examined. The effect of complex motor training on motor function and synaptic plasticity of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) normal group (NG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) alcohol groups (AG), via 4.5 g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, where they were raised in standard cages (two-and three animals per cage) until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from alcohol group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Alcohol-experimental group was had got complex motor training (learning traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. The alcohol-control group was not trained. Before consider replacing with "the experiment/study", (avoid using "got" in writing) the rats were examined during four behavioral tests and their body weights were measured, then their coronal sections were processed in rabbit polyclonal antibody synaptophysin. The synaptophysin expression in the cerebellar cortex was investigated using a light microscope. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The alcohol groups contained significantly higher alcohol concentrations than the normal group. 2. The alcohol groups had significantly lower body weights than the normal group. 3. In alcohol groups performed significantly lower than the normal group on the motor behavioral test. 4. In alcohol-control group showed significantly decreased immunohistochemistric response of the synaptophysin in the cerebellar cortex compared to the nomal group. These results suggest that improved motor function induced by complex motor training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of synaptophysin in cerebellar cortex and that is related with synaptic plasticity. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of swimming training on brain function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Therefore, this study was examined on neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of hippocampus using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label proliferating cells and assessed the neurological response following focal cerebral ischemia in rats using neurological motor behavioral test. In an observer-blinded fashion, twenty male Sprague-Dawley (280~310 g, 7 weeks old) rats were divided into four groups: MCAO plus swimming group (ME, =5), MCAO plus control group (MC, =5), SHAM plus swimming group (SE, =5), SHAM plus control group (SC, =5). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The limb placing time before and after swimming in the ME group were significantly longer than the MC group (p<.05), the SE group were significantly longer than the SC group (p<.01). 2) The balance beam scores before and after swimming in the ME group was higher than the SE group, the MC group was higher than the SC group but was not significantly different (p>.001). 3) The foot fault index before and after swimming training in ME group was significantly lower (i.e., improved) than the MC group (p<.001) and the SE group (p<.001), the SE group was significantly lower (i.e., improved) than the SC group (p<.001). 4) The mean number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in the ME group was significantly higher than the MC group (p<.001) and the SE group (p<.01). The MC group and the SE group was significantly higher than the SC group (p<.001). 5) There was significantly correlation between limb placing time and number of BrdU-positive cells on swimming training, there was positive correlation (r=.807, p<.0001) and between foot fault index and BrdU-positive cells number, there was negative correlation (r=-.503, p<.05). However, between balance beam scores and BrdU-positive cells number, there was no correlation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the role of swimming training improves behavioral motor function probably by enhancing cell proliferation in that hippocampus. This study provides a model for investigating the stroke rehabilitation that underlies neurogenesis and functional ability.

To find out the possible inefficiencies of artificial inseminators at rectovaginal insemination in cows, inseminators' skill were evaluated by controlling the semen thawing procedure adopted and by using the technique of dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. This was followed by refreshment training for the inseminators. Thirty seven artificial insemination technicians regularly working in the government, cooperative and NGO (Non Government Organization) artificial insemination programmes at different places of Bangladesh were included in the study. Individual technicians were asked to thaw a semen straw and deposit dye in the genital tract of slaughtered cows following the procedures they would have adopted in their actual practices of insemination. The time and water temperature adopted by technicians were recorded and genital tract after sham artificial insemination was dissected to determine the site of dye deposition. Then, the inseminators took part in a three days intensive training program. The training program was ended up with the same tests for thawing frozen semen straw and dye deposition in the genital tract of slaughtered cows. At pre training evaluation, only inseminators adopted co..ect thawing time and temperature, respectively. At post training evaluation, all inseminators thawed semen straws for proper time and temperature. At pretraining evaluation, inseminators deposited dye at the body of uterus, in the vagina or in cervix, and into the horn of uterus, respectively. In cases dye did not pass into the genital tract, instead back flowed through the space between the barrel of insemination gun and sheath. At post training evaluation, all inseminators successfully deposited dye in the body of uterus. Frequent evaluation of inseminators' skill and subsequent training would help improvement of the artificial insemination technicians' skill.

Since 1998, an elementary teacher education institute in Korea has hosted the center for the gifted education. The institute hired undergraduate students to escort and liaison each class of the gifted student participants with assisting classroom activities. These liaison teachers observed the gifted classroom activities and evaluated them by using a given checklist and filling out pre-made evaluation forms. Currently this system is being transferred from part-time jobs for students to earn allowance into well organized pre-service teacher program focusing on the gifted education. In other words, the purpose of system is being shifted from how liaison teachers facilitate the gifted program to how the system helps the liaison teachers to be quality teachers for the gifted who can understand what the gifted are and how to facilitate them. Analyzed were the self reports of the liaison teachers regarding their perceptions and beliefs of the gifted and their education program. It was found participant liaison teachers purposed to have more live experiences with getting along with students as well. Liaison teachers’ perceptions on establishing a gifted teacher professional education sequence were reported in this study. The potential scaffolding of the pre-service teacher education program model of the gifted education was provided as a consequence of this study.

The size of the ship's turning circle is influenced by various factors, such as block coefficient, underwater side shape, rudder area ratio, draft, trim and Froude's number. Most of them are already fixed on departure from a port. However, the ship's speed and the rudder angle are controllable factors which operations are able to change optionally during sailing. The DGPS measured the turning circles according to the ship's speed and the rudder angle. The maximum advances by slow and full ahead were 302m and 311m, and the maximum transfers were 460m and 452m, respectively. There occurs almost no difference in size of the turning circle by variation of the ship's speeds. When the rudder angles were changed to 10˚, 20˚ and 30˚, the maximum advances were 447m, 271m and 202m, and then also the maximum transfers 657m, 426m and 285m, respectively. The diameter of the tuning circle was decreased exponentially when the rudder angle was increased. The maneuverability was better when the direction of turning and propulsion of propeller are in the opposite direction rather than in the same one togetherm. The distance of the maximum transfer was always bigger than that of the maximum advance.

The purposes of this study are to suggest issues to provide more effective vocational training of inmates by investigation differences in training system between Korea and United States. Current training systems are analysed from the viewpoints of operating body, curriculum and performance measurement. The Bureau of Prisons(BOP) in both counties has long recognized the importance of vocational training as an opportunity for inmates to improve their knowledge and skills and to support successful integration into the society. While American BOP establishes open network with other administrative bodies and professional institutes to ensure quality of training, Korea BOP carries out training independently. In addition, in many cases, American institute starts with needs assessment to provide more suitable training based on the level of inmates and try to measure performance results. According to the Federal Bureau of Justice, There is an inverse relationship between recidivism rates and vocational training. The more training received, the less likely an individual is to be re-arrested or re-imprisoned. To improve quality of vocational training of inmates, Korean BOP needs to cooperate with other government bodies and to establish open training network by including professional institutes. In addition, the benefits of vocational training should be measured and publicized to ensure quality of training and to secure funds for inmate vocational program. Furthermore, various job placement programs should be accompanied to provide smooth transition to the society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether it was efficient to apply the Image-Training method using auditory-visual media to the teaching of vaulting horse instead of application of traditional Physical-Training method at school. For the purpos

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of strategy training in teaching English for Korean elementary school students. It also attempted to provide some empirical data for more successful strategy training in elementary English education. Sixty six fifth grade elementary school students from two intact classes (33 each) participated in the study as the experimental group and the control group. For 17 weeks, the experimental group was given strategy training in addition to traditional instruction, while the control group was taught in the traditional way only. Some of the major findings are as follows: 1) Strategy-trained group did not show significantly better improvement over the traditionally-taught group in their English proficiency; 2) Strategy-trained group used all categories of learning strategy significantly more frequently at the end of the experimental period than traditionally-taught group; 3) Both the quantity and quality of strategy use was affected by the learner's English proficiency. From these results it was concluded that a strategy training program for elementary school English learners could be fruitful and viable. Suggestions for further studies are presented along with limitations inherent in the present study.

본 연구는 현재 제기되고 있는 작업치료사 인력의 과잉공급과 이에 따른 문제점을 지적하고 향후 발전적인 해결방안을 제시하고자 한다. 현 작업치료 교육기관과 임상현장에서의 문제점은 작업치료사 인력의 과잉공급과 작업치료 전공 교수요원의 부족, 작업치료의 의료보험수가 청구의 문제 등을 지적할 수 있다. 문제들을 해소하기 위한 개선 방안으로는 작업치료(학)과의 신설 및 증원에 있어 설치 기준안에 의한 승인, 작업치료실 개설 및 작업치료사의 고용 의무화, 작업치료사의 다양한 활로 개척, 작업치료 전공 교수의 체계적인 육성, 작업치료 의료수가 처방 권한의 확대와 다양한 치료수가 개발이 절실히 필요하다. 앞에서 제시된 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 임상의 작업치료사와 학생, 교수 모두가 노력해야 하며 작업치료에 대한 적극적인 홍보와 작업치료에 대한 만족도, 기여도, 요구도 등의 기초 자료를 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 통계적인 자료를 제시하여야 한다.

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different quantitative knowledge of results on the measurement error during lumbar proprioceptive sensation training. Twenty-eight healthy adult men participated and subjects were randomly assigned into four different feedback groups(100% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 50% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 100% relative frequency with a length feedback, 50% relative frequency with a length feedback). An electrogoniometer was used to determine performance error in an angle, and the Schober test with measurement tape was used to determine performance error in a length. Each subject was asked to maintain an upright position with both eyes closed and both upper limbs stabilized on their pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae flexion was maintained at for three seconds. Different verbal knowledge of results was provided in four groups. After lumbar flexion was performed, knowledge of results was offered immediately. The resting period between the sessions per block was five seconds. Training consisted of 6 blocks, 10 sessions per one block, with a resting period of one minute. A resting period of five minutes was provided between 3 blocks and 4 blocks. A retention test was performed between 10 minutes and 24 hours later following the training block without providing knowledge of results. To determine the training effects, a two-way analysis of variance and a one-way analysis of variance were used with SPSS Ver. 10.0. A level of significance was set at .05. A significant block effect was shown for the acquisition phase (p<.05), and a significant feedback effect was shown in the immediate retention phase (p>.05). There was a significant feedback effect in the delayed retention phase (p<.05), and a significant block effect in the first acquisition phase and the last retention phase (p<.05). In conclusion, it is determined that a 50% relative frequency with a length feedback is the most efficient feedback among different feedback types.

The power and scale of 950 hPa typhoon "Maemi" which struck the shore of Gosung in Kyungnam Province was same as that of 951 hPa typhoon "Saraho" in 1959. For the purpose of getting the safety of training ship "KAYA", we anchored at Jinhae Bay with riding at two anchors paid out 8 shackles of cable respectively. By the way when wind force being over 30m/s, we could not keep the safety of the ship "KAYA" by means of the holding power of an anchor only. Just by using the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding power of an anchor according to the way of anchoring, the quality of sea bottom, the direction and speed of wind and current, and the length of an anchor cable were analyzed. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. When riding at two anchors rather than lying at single anchor we could get a good holding power. 2. There was a big difference in holding power according to the quality of the bottom. 3. It would be best anchoring in a soft mud area than in any other place as possible. 4. It would also be desirable to set anchor shackles much more than equipment number prescribed in regulation in order to get safety of a ship providing against typhoon.

본 연구는 초등학교 과학과 문제중심학습에서 협동기술 훈련의 효과를 밝히기 위하여 통제집단, 문제중심학습 집단, 협동기술 훈련을 한 문제중심학습 집단의 학습능력 수준에 따라 과학 성취도와 자아존중감을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 학습능력이 높은 학습자는 협동기술 훈련에 무관하게 문제중심학습이 전통적 수업보다 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 학습능력이 중간인 학습자와 낮은 학습자는 협동기술 훈련을 한 경우, 전통적 수업 집단보다 과학 성취도가 높게 나타났다. 이로써 협동기술 훈련이 학습능력이 중간 이하인 학습자에게서 발생하는 무임승객효과를 줄이고 소집단활동의 협력적인 상호작용에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 자아존중감은 문제중심학습 집단이 통제 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높게 나타났고 학습능력에 따른 상호작용 효과는 없었다.

본 시험은 7~9월 수확을 위한 고랭지 오이의 비가림 재배시 생력형 유인방법인 아치식의 재배방법을 개발하고자 실시하였다. 아치식의 유인높이(1.5 m, 1.8 m 및 2.1 m), 재식거리(90×40 cm, 90×50 cm 및 90×60 cm) 및 적심절위(20절, 25절, 30절, 35절 및 무적심)를 비교하였다. 비가림하우스 내 지표면 위 2.1 m의 기온은 37℃로 너무 높아, 2.1 mrn에서는 일소현상이 나타났다. 아치식 유인높이 1.8 mrn가 다른 유인높이에 비해 착과율과 상품율이 높았다. 상품수량은 1.8 m에서의 102,691 kg · ha-1로 1.5 mrn의 84,790 kg · ha-1보다 21% 많았다. 재식밀도가 높을수록 노균병 발생율은 증가되었다. LAI는 적심절위가 올라갈수록 높았으며 내부투광율은 재식밀도가 좁을수록 경엽이 밀집되어 낮아졌다. 착과수는 주지보다 측지가 많았으며, 적심절위가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 상품수량은 90×50 cm, 35절 적심구가 98,311 kg · ha-1로 90×40cm, 30절 적심구의 93,807 kg · ha-1보다 5% 증가되었다. 따라서 여름생산을 위한 고랭지에서 오이의 아치식유인 재배시 유인높이는 1.8 m, 재식거리는 90×50 cm 및 적심절위는 35절이 최대의 수량을 얻을 수 있는 재배시스템으로 생각되었다.

The purposes of this study are to analyse operating systems of inmate's vocational education and training program and to suggest more effective methods in improving quality of vocational education and training. The vocational education and training should be carried out to meet the diverse educational needs of inmates through academic and transitional services whereby inmates can successfully integrate into society. In addition, inmates can secure employment and become responsible citizen through education and training so that reduce possibility of the repetition of an offense. Current education and training program are analysed from the viewpoints of curriculum, operating body, selection method of trainee and evaluation process. To improve quality of education and training, curricula need to be diversified and specialized. The correctional education should be recognized as a progressive and effective education system that provides inmates with socially acceptable skills and transferrable to the society. In addition, ways to establish in connecting various training organizations, in selecting trainees, in developing teaching methods are suggested. The importance of developing evaluation tools and employment services and institutional repletion are emphasized and new details are suggested.