There have been numerous refugee-related studies in linguistics following a large inflow of refugees to South Korea over the past several years. However, many studies address refugees in terms of Korean language education, and little has been discussed on the actual language use of refugees or linguistic issues they experience in South Korea. Linguistic research regarding refugees must be conducted not only with regard to Korean language education but also in terms of observing and interpreting the actual language use of and social issues experienced by refugees. In this respect, this study notes the issues faced by refugees moving to South Korea without knowledge of the Korean language. Specifically, it addresses communication issues arising within the limited space of the airport entry and departure port. To this end, two Arabic speakers applying for refugee recognition at the airport entry and departure port were interviewed. As such, procedures that must be taken at the entry and departure port between exiting the airplane and entering South Korea were reconstructed from an insider's perspective, and communication issues occurring throughout each procedure were reviewed. Subsequently, suggestions were made to ensure the language human rights of refugees at airports.

This paper analyzes the research progress of language attitudes in the field of sociolinguistics and proposes future research projects. First, the research progress of language attitudes can be categorized into four groups; attitudes to the language itself, attitudes to language variation, attitudes to language use, and attitudes to language identity. Research about attitudes to the language itself is peculiar in that big scale surveys were conducted by the government for linguistic policies. Quantitative survey method is preferable when providing the results in figures. However, it is unsuitable when analyzing the results in depth. Therefore, qualitative research entailed with various research methods is necessary. Research on attitudes toward language variation should be promoted considering the fast speed of linguistic change of the Korean language. So far most studies were about umlaut, euphony, grammatical change in stem and ending. Nevertheless, further studies should expand the research horizon to different linguistic units such as intonation, discourse markers, etc. Research on attitudes toward language use shows the possibility of extending the scope of the field of sociolinguistics. Especially study on anthroponym, commercials, brand names, copies, political slogans should not only be done on language attitudes but also on sociolinguistic respects. Lastly, research on language attitudes of minority groups focused on Korean migrants to Japan(Korean residents in Japan), former Soviet Union(Russian Koreans), and China(Korean-Chinese). However, at present Korea is a multicultural society which implicates that future studies should pay more attention on minority groups of different mother tongues for example immigrant workers, international students, temporary visitors, overseas Chinese, and foreigners who acquired Korean nationality, as well as North Korean defectors and migrant wives.

This study outlines the language and gender studies in Korea over the past 30 years and derives some prospect of the future research. Following the epitome of the beginning and development of the studies in the framework of modern sociolinguistics, this article reviews the relevant studies on both Korean and foreign languages. The review shows that the works on this topic can be broadly classified into three main research areas; language variation, utterable genderlect and objective genderlect. Though having entered upon this research area two decades later than those in Amercian and European countries, Korean sociolinguists have produced significant results, especially in the gender-specific utterances in Korean. Works on other languages have been also carried out, often with applied linguistic purposes of cross-linguistic/cultural analysis, foreign language education, translation as well as consciousness raising of gender issues. Emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary approaches both in perspectives and research methods of the future studies, this article expects continuation of variation studies for completing the description of ‘language variation and change’, sociolinguistic efforts and movement against the gender bias and discrimination, and analysis of various types of communication in cyber space. It is also pointed out that language use of sexual minorities is one of the most untapped and subtle sociolinguistic topics in Korea.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the term ‘agassi’ by analyzing the pattern of actual language use of it in the aspect of sociolinguistic perspective. Through this work, it will be possible to figure out the change of meaning of the ‘agassi’, and the causes of conflict situations of using it in modern society. In chapter 2, the difference between ‘agassi’ as an address term and as a reference term is represented. Chapter 3 shows the chronicle change in the use of ‘agassi’ being originated from its etymology, ‘agissi’. It turns out that the use of ‘agassi’ has evolved for in the order of Honorific form, kinship and Non-Honorific form. Chapter 4 investigates the tendency and its cause of the negative interpretation of ‘agassi’ in modern society. The reason why the address term ‘agassi’ causes social displeasure is because it is regarded as ‘sexual objectification’. It can be subdivided into three categories: ‘agassi’ is (1) the expression that emphasis sex in social life, (2) associated with specific occupational groups which is socially unacceptable, and (3) used often in the situation of sexual harassment.

This study examined the research on “media language” published in ≪Social Linguistics≫ from the first issue to Volume 27(4) in the viewpoint of research history. First, the media's language was divided into ‘newspaper language’, ‘broadcasting language’ and ‘communication language’ and the published papers were classified by period. Then each paper's achievements were analyzed over time. After analyzing detailed research topics and approaches for each media language and their main flow, individual papers' contents were reviewed. According to analysis results, the communication language research was most actively carried out during the same period. In the media language studies, he discussions were largely concerned with discourse analysis. discourse analysis. The communication language has also changed its aspect according to the change of the hardware and platform on which the communication is based. Media language research so far has focused on individual characteristics according to the unique properties of each medium. However recently, as 3 media such as newspapers, broadcasting and the Internet have been integrated into one, the media language research needs to be discussed from the viewpoint of “language integration.”

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical overview of the discourse-analytic studies in Korean sociolinguistics, mainly analyzing articles published in The Sociolingustic Journal of Korea. To achieve this goal, this article discusses definitions of ‘discourse’ and ‘discourse analysis’, and approaches to discourse. The examination of the articles in the journal shows that major studies in Korean sociolinguistics can be summarized as in the following: (i) functional approaches to language and discourse markers, (ii) conversation analysis and interactional linguistics, (iv) media discourse and critical discourse analysis, (v) analysis of public speeches and advertisements, (vi) electronic discourse (internet and SNS discourse), among others. This overview shows that discourse-analytic studies in Korean linguistics have focused on certain specific topics such as discourse markers, conversation-analytic studies, critical discourse studies, and electronic discourse, differing in topics from sociolinguistic studies in American and other societies. This overview suggests that more sociolinguistic studies need to be carried out in the fields such as intercultural communication, electronic discourse, and gender-based discourse as further research topics in Korean sociolinguistics.

The purpose of this paper is to summarize research trends and analyze major discussions of previous studies on language policy and planning from a research historical perspective. In order to accomplish this purpose, this paper firstly established a database of related research lists through a complete enumeration survey of research articles by Korean researchers published in Korean academic journals. Then, based on the database, this paper summarized research trends of preceding studies by fields (status, corpus, education, etc.), by topics (language rank/function, orthographic norm, national language education, etc.), by relevant countries/regions (Korea, Asia, Europe, etc.). Finally, dividing the preceding studies into those related to Korea and those related to foreign countries, this paper analyzed major discussions by fields and topics based on representative and recent preceding studies. 'Not only does the aforementioned summary and analysis have research historical significance for preceding studies on language policy and planning, but 'they can also contribute to exploring the tasks and directions of future research.

Terms of address and honorifics have been dealt with importantly in the sociolinguistic studies in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examine the results of sociolinguistic research focusing on the Korean address forms. We look at the main flows and characteristics of the studies, and then review the representative research dividing them into several subtypes. Based on these discussions, we present the direction for the sociolinguistic study of address forms. The sociolinguistic study of address forms in Korea has been in full swing since the 1990s. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to study the use of address form independently from honorifics, and the social awareness of the importance of address forms in Korean use has increased. While early sociolinguistic studies of address forms focused on family titles, there have been many studies on status titles, address forms in internet space, and comparisons between Korean and other languages’ address forms. By studying the address forms from a sociolinguistic point of view and method, we could achieve the qualitative development more clearly than the previous studies that were carried out by identifying and structuring the list of titles. This article reveals the various usages of titles in the social context, and grasp the speaker's intentions, strategies, and conflicts related to the use of them. However, there have been some issues that need to be paid attention to or resolved in future research.

This paper's main purpose is to review research articles on language education with sociolinguistic approach, which have been published in The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea since 1993. It synthesizes the current trends of language education research with the approach that paves the way for future academic sociolinguistic accomplishments. The journal's research studies of language education have mostly focused on Korean and English education along with a handful of other languages. Approximately 150 research studies are categorized and reviewed with emphasis on themes, goals, and their pedagogical implications. As this review is primarily of the articles published in The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, the conclusion suggests that a number of scholars have consistently and persistently conducted meaningful research on language education over the past several decades with a variety of research questions, yielding significant academic achievements. This paper is limited in that it does not represent the whole of research trends of language education studies with sociolinguistic approaches in Korea. However, this synthetical review does provide a general perspective of the overall flow of language education studies from a sociolinguistic perspective.

This study aims to categorize research achievements about language contact based on the papers in the Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea for the last thirty years into five sections, which include bilingualism and diglossia, pidgin and creole, various decision making under language contact situations, loan-words, and dialect contact. This study concludes by offering further research questions that need to be answered in the field of language contact. Early years of sociolinguistics has remained at a level of introducing language contact problems of Europe and Africa, Pacific and Atlantic equator region to the domestic academic circles. However, these achievements have turned out to be the foundation of research related to overseas Koreans bilingualism problem and various domestic language contact problems between Korean and foreign language. Until now, Korean sociolinguistics has mostly handled problems of bilingualism. However, since the early 21st century, the population of international marriage immigrants and foreign laborers has increased at a rapid rate, generating various language contact phenomena. Furthermore, with a recent globalization wave, many foreign languages are more widely used in Korea. In such a flow, it is evident that the Korean society will go through various language contact between Korean and foreign languages. Therefore, systematic and aggressive research on multi-culture family bilingualism, code-switching of Korean speakers, loan-words situation, and the problem of contact between standard language and dialect is needed in the Korean sociolinguistic field.

This paper aims to discuss the achievements of linguistic anthropology research conducted by Korean anthropologists since the mid-1980s. It examines the main themes which Korean linguistic anthropologists have investigated for the last three decades. The categories of the main topics can be summarized as follows: (1) the relationship between language and culture, (2) ethnography of communication, (3) verbal art and performance, (4) the issues of language ideology, globalization, and semiotic approaches. My review of the previous works on these topics demonstrates that Korean linguistic anthropology has evolved from the works mainly devoted to documentation and description of specific language communities to more critical approaches to language practices and ideologies as embedded in wider social contexts. The recent works tend to criticize the previous works’ static and fixed notions of language and culture, while emphasizing individual speakers’ strategic and political uses of language and the power dynamics that constitute and reconstitute the social effects of language in context.

Background: Backward walking exercise may offer some unique and potentially beneficial differences compared with forward walking exercise. There is still a lack of research on backward walking exercises and forward head posture. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of backward walking exercise on college students forward head posture in their 20s. Methods: Twenty-one subjects participated in the experiment. The subjects were those with a craniovertebral angle (CVA) of 55 degrees or less who understood the purpose and method of this study and voluntarily agreed. A camera capable of taking pictures of the lateral plane was installed at a distance of 1.5 meters before exercising. Pictures were taken before walking backward, and after walking for 15 minutes on the treadmill, the images were taken in the same way. The composition of the backward walking exercise was walking at a rate of 1.0 for 5 minutes, and the remaining 10 minutes were walking at a rate of 1.5. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare CVA and craniorotational angle (CRA) before and after exercise. Results: As a result of this study, there was a significant difference in CVA before and after exercise (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in CRA before and after exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The backward walking exercise and verbal command seems to have positively influenced the changes in CVA and CRA among college students in their 20s. It seems that studies to confirm balance or muscle activity as well as changes in forward head posture through the long-term intervention of the backward walking exercise should be conducted.

본 연구는 반응성애착장애 유아의 언어 및 놀이발달의 변화과정을 그림책 읽어주기와 놀이참여를 통한 상담자의 개입으로 2018년 6월15일부터 2019년 1월 30일까지 주 2회 총 56회기로 약 7개월여 동안 단일대상으로 탐색연구 하였다. 상담자는 유아의 반응에 일관적이며 수용적인 태도로 자극을 촉진하고, 민감한 반응으로 상호작용하였다. 이에 따른 반응성애착장애 유아의 언어 및 놀이발달 변화과정은 다음과 같이 6단계로 나타났다. 첫째, 자극-불안정 접촉의 혼란스러 운 단계. 둘째, 자극-접촉의 안정의 단계. 셋째, 자극-촉진 수용의 단계. 넷째, 자극-습득 내면화 단계. 다섯째, 자극-표현 변화의 단계. 여섯째, 자극-확장 적 응의 단계로 변화하면서 유아는 일상생활에 적응하며 자신의 세계를 구축하였 다. 이러한 변화의 과정은 반응성애착장애 유아의 부모나 다양한 치료 현장의 상담사, 유아교육현장 교사들에게 개입을 위한 길잡이가 되어줄 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the verbal interactions of earth science gifted depending on their communications structures and group status in small group activities. To this end, a small group activity was conducted to measure the density of the earth, and 8 small groups were selected, including 4 coownership type and 4 monopolistics type groups with different communication structures. And then, the framework was developed for analyzing verbal interactions to compare the differences in characteristics between small groups. The results are as follows. First, regardless of the communication structures, there were showing a simple pingpong-type communication structures for all small groups. Second, negative interactions such as ‘restraint’, ‘command’, ‘complaint’, and ‘lack of confidence’ predominantly appeared in all small groups. Third, the students in the status of out-lookers in small groups were mainly verbal interactions, such as instructing the other person, acting against the other person’s actions, and expressing dissatisfaction with the attitudes and abilities of members. Therefore, teachers should guide students to use higher-level verbal interactions in their group activities in small group activities, and engage in students communication to prevent negative interactions from occurring. The teachers also need to check the level of achievement for students in the status of out-lookers in advance and guide them to participate more actively in small group activities. This study is meaningful in that it can be sued to design teaching and learning to improve students’ problem solving and communication skills.

This study is about meta-language used for teaching the Korean language in Serbia, where it is not a native language. This study examined meta-language for teaching preferred by Korean language learners of Serbia and explored efficient methods of meta-language use for teaching. First, meta-language and meta-language for teaching were discussed, and meta-language for Korean language teaching was defined. After setting up the research question and hypothesis, a survey was conducted on Korean language learners at the University of Niš in Serbia to determine their preferred meta-language for teaching. According to the survey, many learners wanted to take classes in ‘Korean-Serbian languages.’ Beginner and intermediate learners of vocabulary, grammar, and conversation preferred ‘Korean-Serbian’ meta-language for teaching, and advanced learners preferred ‘Korean’ meta-language for teaching. Based on such grounds and existing theories, this paper proposed a usage model of meta-language for teaching in beginner, intermediate, and advanced Korean language classes in Serbia and presented the necessity for fostering professional Korean language instructors overseas.

연구목적 : 유아의 언어 발달은 언어를 이해하고 말을 산출하는 표현을 포함하며 타인과의 상호작용 안에서 의사소통의 발달이 촉진되어지는데, 감각 통합의 어려움이 있는 유아는 언어의 구사와 조음에서의 질적 결함을 보인다. 본 연구는 유아의 언어 발달과 감각 조절의 관계를 밝혀 적절한 중재의 개입에 유용한 자료로서의 토대를 마련하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상은 아동발달센터에 내원한 만 3세 유아 53명으로 성별은 남아 37명, 여아 16명이고 월령의 범위는 36개월에서 47개월이었다. 검사 도구는 Short Sensory Profile(SSP)를 2000년 김미선이 번안, 수정하여 사용한 검사지를 사용하였고, 언어 발달은 영ᆞ유아 언어발달검사(Sequenced Language Scale for Infants; SELSI)를 사용하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 : 첫째, 언어 발달의 지연을 보이는 만 3세 유아의 감각 조절은 SSP 검사 결과 어려움이 예상되는 범주(PD)에 해당되었고, 언어 발달은 SELSI 검사 결과 등가연령 18개월에 해당하는 것으로 나타나, 감각 조절의 어려움은 언어 발달이 지연된 아동이 동반하는 문제라고 볼 수 있는 결과로 보인다. 둘째, 언어 발달의 지연을 보이는 만 3세 유아의 감각 조절은 언어 발달과 정적 상관이 있었고, 특히 감각 조절의 하위 요인 중 청각 여과하기와 언어 발달의 하위 요인 중 표현 언어 간에 높은 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 청각 영역 감각 조절이 영유아의 언어 발달에 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로 보이며, 언어 발달이 더딘 유아가 표현 언어 발달이 되기 위해서는 청각 여과하기를 다뤄주는 감각 통합 훈련이 필요함을 시사해 주었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 언어 발달이 지연된 만 3세 유아의 감각 조절과 언어 발달 간에는 서로 유의한 관계가 있음을 밝혔고 특히 감각 조절 중 청각 여과하기는 언어 발달 중 표현 언어와 관련이 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

In an effort to find a way to optimize the learning condition, this study examined the effects of two types of input frequency distribution, skewed-first distribution (SFD) versus balanced distribution (BD), and two types of focus-on-form techniques, input processing (IP) versus input enhancement (IE), on the learning of English participles by Korean middle school students. A total of 91 students participated in this study, divided into five subgroups: SFD + IP, SFD + IE, BD + IP, BD + IE, and Control. The learning outcomes and the generalizability of the learned knowledge were measured through scaled judgment tasks and picture description tasks, immediately after treatment as well as one week later. The results showed that the input frequency distribution factor did not have statistically significant effects on learning and generalizability, while the degrees of explicitness of focus-on-form techniques had statistically significant effects on both. The interaction effects of the two main factors were not statistically significant. More detailed findings are presented with some pedagogical implications for Korean EFL classrooms.