목적 : 뇌성마비아동에게 촉각 및 전정감각의 감각통합프로그램을 적용한 후 균형 및 시각 주의 집중 행동에 변화를 보이는 가를 알아보고자 하는데 있다. 연구방법 : 단일대상연구인 ABA 반전 설계법이며, 검사 도구는 감각력 검사와 임상관찰을 이용하였다. 본 연구의 실험은 2005년 7월부터 2005년 10월까지 3개월간 총 34회기를 실시하였다. 기초선 I과 기초선 II 단계는 각각 2주간 5회에 걸쳐 실시하였고, 중재프로그램은 8주간 주 3회씩 총 24회기 동안 연구자가 구안한 촉각훈련 프로그램과 전정감각 프로그램을 40분간 실시하였다. 결과 : 뇌성마비아동에게 감각통합프로그램을 실시한 후 손집기 행동, 시선 회피 행동 및 눈 깜박거림 행동이 감소하였다. 특히 눈 깜박거림 행동이 가장 많이 감소를 하였으며 이는 촉각과 전정감각을 중심으로 한 감각통합프로그램이 눈 깜박거림 행동의 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 추론 되었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과를 통해 촉각과 전정감각을 중심으로 한 감각통합프로그램이 뇌성마비아동의 균형 및 시각 주의 집중 행동의 변화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음이 증명되었다.

자각식 꿀절검사를 실시하기 위한 예비검사로 자동굴절계가 겸영법을 대신하여 널 리 사용되고 있으며， 정확도가 높지만， 특히 어린 나이에서 측정오차약 한 가지 요인 으로 보고되는 조절의 영향을 알아보기 위하여， 일산 거주 초중고 학생 391 명(초등학 교 저 학년 95 명 7.45 :t 0 ，61 세， 초등학교 고학년 87 명 10.46 :t 0.60세， 중학생 120 명 12.86 :t 0 ，34세， 고등학생 89 명 14.76 :t 0.55 세)을 대상으로 현성 빚 조절마비 자동굴절 검사 (Topcon KR-7100P) 를 실시하였다. 현성 굴절상태에서 측정한 자동굴절검사값과 조절마비 자동굴절검사값의 차이를 M, Jo 및 J45 성분의 벡터로 전환하여 분석하였다， M 성분의 차이는 초등학교 저학년 에서 가장 크게 나타났고， 나이 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 각 연령군 사 이에서 유의한 차이릎 보였다 (F 二27.03, p = 0,0000). 그러나， Jo 성분 맞 J45 성분의 차 이는 각 연령군 사이에서 유의한 차이가 없었다 (F = 0.70, p = 0.55 및 F 二0.31 ， p = 0.82) 각 연령군에서 현성 자동굴절검사값과 조절마비 자동굴절검사값의 M 성분 차이는 굴절이상도와 유의한 상관성을 보였으며(초등학교 저학년 R 二-0 ， 33 ， p < 0.0001 ; 초등 학교 고학년 R = -0.41, p < 0.0001 ; 중학생 R = -0.29, p < 0.0001 ; 고등학생 R = -0.14, p = 0.06), 근시군과 바근시군에서 M 성분의 평균 차이가 유의한 것으로 나타났다(초 등학교 저 학년 t = -4.75, p = 0.0000 ; 초등학교 고학년 t = • 6.45, p = 0.0000 ; 중학생 t = -4.48, p = 0.0001 ; 고등학생 t = -3.41, p = 0.0008). 이상의 결과로부터 현성 자동꼴절검사 결과는 조절로 인한 측정오차가 유발될 수 있고， 특히 나이가 아리고 근시도가 낮거나 정시 또는 원시성인 경우 측정오차가 상 대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났으므로， 굴절이상을 교정하기 위한 검사 과정에서 자동 굴절검사 결과를 해석할 때 조절로 인한 오차 가능성이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

조절력과 나이의 변화에 따라 어두운 곳에서 눈의 굴절상태가 근시쪽으로 변화하 는 야간근시 와 Contrast sensitivity( 대 비 감도) 및 Glare sensitivity( 눈부심 감도)의 상 관성을 암아보기 위하여 안과적 질환이 없는 20-61 세 사이의 정상인을 대상으로 현 성굴절상태 (31 명 62 안)와 조절마비굴절상태 06 명 32 안)에서 조절력， Mesotest II b 륜 이용한 야간근시도， 대비감도 빛 눈부심감도， 적외선 동공측정계를 이용한 일반조명 과 암실에서 동공크기， 근거리검영법에 의한 암소초점 및 현성굴절상태에서 야간끈시 를 교정하여 대비감도 빚 눈부섬감도의 변화틀 측정하였다. 현성굴절상태에서 야간근시가 높을수록 대비감도 및 눈부섬감도가 증가하였으며 (CS: r = -0.65 GS: r = • 0.46) 조절 력 이 높을수록 야간근시 가 증가하고 (r = -0.88) 대 비감도 및 눈부섬감도가 증가하였다 (CS: r = 0.68; GS: r = 0.58) 암실에서 동공직경 은 야간근시 (r 二 0.39), 대비감도 빚 눈부심감도와 낮은 상관성이 있었다 (CS: r - 0.36 ; GS: r = 0.36). 암소초점이 높을수록 야간근시가 증가하고 (r = 0.88), 대비김도 벚 눈 부섬감도가 증가하였다 (CS: r = -0.79; GS: r 二0.64). 현성굽절상태에서 대비감도 (2.25) 와 눈부심감도 0.56) 는 모두 야간근시플 교정하였을 때 유의한 증가를 보였다 (p < 0.05). 조절마비굴절상태에서 야간근시가 높을수록 대비감도는 감소하였으나 눈부-심감도 는 관계가 없었으며 (CS: r = 0.33; GS: r 二0.09) 나이가 많을수콕 야간근시가 증가하 고 (r 二-0.32) 대비김도 및 눈부심감도는 감소하였다 (CS: r = -0.83; GS: r = -0.71). 동공직경은 야간근시 (r = 0.15) 와 상관성이 없었으나， 동공직경이 클수록 대비감도 및 눈부심감도가 증가하였으며 (CS: r = 0.48; GS: r 二0 .42) 암소초점은 야간근시와 관계 가 없었고 (r = 0.05) 암소초점이 높을수록 대비감도 및 눈부심감도는 증가하였다 (CS: r = -0.32; GS: r = • 0.33) 현성굴절상태에서 야간근시( -1.04D)와 암소초점 (-2.22Dl은 조절마비 굴절상태 에 서 0.15D와 -0.63D로 각각 감소하였다 (p < 0.05) 특히 20 대군은 현성굴절상태에서 대비감도 (2.57) 와 눈부심감도(1. 76) 는 조절마비꿀 절상태에서 각각 3.42와 2.73으로 증가되었고 (p < 0.05), 현성굴절상태에서 야간근시틀 교정했을 때 대비감도 및 눈부심감도는 각각 0.84와 0.97 증가하였다. 따라서 조절력과 나이는 야간활동에 불편을 줄 수 있는 야간근시， 대비감도 및 눈 부심감도 등에 영향을 줄 수 있으며 야간근시의 교정으로 대비감도 및 눈부심감도틀 개선시킬 수 있었다.

목적 : 발의 강직성 저측굴곡으로 인하여 무릎이 과신전된 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 발 보조기 착용이 무릎 각도와 독립적인 보행거리에 미치는 영향과 COPM을 이용하여 아동의 보조기 착용 전후의 작업수행의 차이를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 본 실험은 개별실험연구의 반전연구 ABA' 실험설계를 이용하여 총 18회기를 실시하였다. 기초선 A에서는 발 보조기를 착용하지 않고 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 측정하였고, 캐나다작업수행측정을 실시하여 보조기 착용 전후의 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도의 변화를 알아보았다. 치료기간인 B에서는 보조기를 아동에게 착용하게 한 후의 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 측정하였다. 기초선 A'에서는 보조기를 제거한 후의 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리 및 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도를 보호자에게 재실시하였다. 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 평균과 시각적 분석을 이용하였고, 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도는 COPM의 점수 비교를 통하여 알아보았다. 결과 : 아동의 무릎각도는 보조기 착용 전후에 평균 11.63° 감소하였고, 독립적인 보행거리는 평균 6.97m 증가하였다. 아동이 혼자서 화장실 가기, 좋아하는 장난감을 스스로 가지러 가기, 공을 발로 차기 모두 보조기를 착용 하기 전보다 수행도와 만족도가 모두 증가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통하여 뇌성마비 아동의 발의 안정성이 아동의 보행거리뿐만 아니라 작업수행에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로는 더 많은 수의 아동을 대상으로 보행거리와 아동의 작업을 수행하는데 있어서 자신감과 자율성과의 상관관계에 대한 연구도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

본 연구는 발가락 벌림 보조기(toe spreader)가 긴장성 발가락 굽힘 반사(Tonic Toe Flexion Reflex: TTFR)가 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동의 보행에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 12명의 TTFR이 있는 양하지 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 같은 날에 맨발과 발가락 벌림 보조기를 착용한 상태에서 보행분석을 실시하였다. 시간 거리 보행변수로 활보장(step length), 보장(step length), 보폭(step width)

이 연구의 목적은 뇌성마비 아동에게 앉은 자세에서 현수를 이용하여 체중지지를 해주었을 때 상지기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상자는 뇌성마비 아동 5명과 뇌종양 아동 1명이었다. 연구대상자에게 harness를 착용하여 부분적 체중지지를 하기 전과 착용한 상태에서 손 뻗기 동작을 3차원 동작분석기를 이용하여 어깨관절과 손뻗기 동작에 걸린 시간을 측정하였고, Box and Block 검사를 실시하여 체중지지 전과 착용 시 상지 기능을

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of activity of daily liv-ing(ADL) on task-oriented Learning program in adult with cerebral palsy.Method : The subjects were forty members who were treated at dept. occupational therapy the H Rehabilitation Center in kwang ju from January 2003 to July 2003. The ADL were meas-ured with Functional Independence Measure(FIM) and collected data were statistically analysed by SPSS PC for Wilcoxon signed rank test using NPARIWAY.Results : 1. A age distribution of the subject was from 20 to 36, and the average age was 25.6. The number of the twenties are the most number of the subjects by 28 persons(70%). The men were 19 persons(47.5%) and the women were 21 persons(52.5%). The clinical types of adult with cerebral palsy were dyskinesia 4 persons(10%), spastic quadriplegia 10 persons(25%), spas-tic hemiplegia 12 persons(30%), spastic diplegia 14 persons(35.5%). In the dominated hand, the right’s was 27 persons(67.5%), and the left’s was 13 persons(32.5%) and the number of person with language disability was 26 persons(65%), without language disability was 14 persons (35.5%). The duration of medical treatment was 61 days at the shortest, 123 days at the lon-gest, and the average duration was 82 days. 2. The variation to the performance of daily life after pre-treatment and post-treatment through the general characteristics of the adult with cerebral palsy was significantly (p<.01) in-creased independent of age, gender, clinical types except dyskinesia, dominated hand, speech dis-ability and treatment duration of less than 2∼3month.3. The variation of the pre-treatment and the post-treatment in the detail item to the per-formance of daily life of the adult with cerebral palsy through task-oriented Learning program was significantly(p<.01) increased at the self-care, sphincter control, locomotion, mobility, com-munication and social cognition.Conclusion : Cerebral palsy cause disability on daily life with decrease of motor performance ability by adding marked growth of the adolescence, disease, treatment interruption, trauma etc, to past poor motor control function, impaired balance reaction, muscle spasticity etc. But if proper task-oriented Learning program has been performing to patients continuously, General ADL performance ability will be increasing in young adult with cerebral palsy patients.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the sensory-based behaviors of young children with and without cerebral palsy as reported by their parents on the Short Sensory Profile.Method : Short Sensory Profile questionnaire was completed by parents of 59 children with cerebral palsy 1 through 9 years of age and parents of 129 children without cerebral palsy 1 through 6 years of age.Results : The performance of children with cerebral palsy was significantly different form that of children without cerebral palsy on 4 of 7 factors. Factors were difference found included Movement Sensitivity, Auditory Filtering, Low Energy/Weak, Visual/Auditory Sensitivity. Conclusion : Finding from the study suggest that young children with cerebral palsy have probable deficit in a variety of sensory processing abilities as measured by the Short Sensory Profile. The Short Sensory Profile can provide information about the sensory processing skills of children with cerebral palsy to assist occupational therapist in assessing and planning inter-vention for these children.

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting on the home treatment stress in the CP (cerebral palsy) children's mothers. Direct interviews were conducted from March 17 with April 4, 2003 with 97 mothers of CP children. The average level of stress from home treatment felt by mothers with CP children was . Stress-levels were especially high in mothers who were not satisfied with the treatment outcome (p<.05) and whose acceptance of disability was low (p<.01). Stress felt by mothers was low when their health status was high (p<.05). A physical burden was shown to have a significant correlation with the stress of the mothers during the home treatment (p<.01). Mothers with a child of Level 2 disability had lower levels of stress than those with a child of Level 4 or 5 disability (p<.01). The level of stress was higher in mothers who lagged in acquiring technical sufficiency (p<.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that one factor affecting the stress felt by mothers with CP children was the degree of acceptance of the disability (p<.01). Programs that can reduce the stress levels of mothers with CP children through home treatment and secure social systems such as professional help and economic compensation, need to be developed. Active policies should be established and executed for these mothers since stress felt by mothers significantly affects the consistency and effectiveness of treatment provided at home.

조절작용은 눈의 굴절상태를 변화시킬 수 있는 힘으로 나이가 어리면 어릴수록 이 것을 억제하기가 어렵다. 사람은 나이가 들면서 조절력이 감소되고 조절작용올 억제 하기가 쉬워진다. 기존 연구에서 고둥학교 학생들의 조절마비제 정안 전과 후의 굴절 력의 변화가 적었고 나이가 어릴수록 조절마비제를 이용하여 굴절검사가 이루어져야 한다고 하였다. 이 연구의 대상자들은 부모나 보호자들에 의해 시력장애가 의심되거나 환자 스스 로 시야의 흐립을 호소한 경험이 있는 순천지역 6-9세 사이의 소년 60 t청 (OS)을 대 상으로 하였다. 굴절이상을 제외한 녹내장， 백내장， 망막질환， 약사， 가성근시， 그리고 조절마비는 대상의 생플에서 제외시켰다. 환자들의 내원 당일 타각적과 자각적 방법 으로 현성굴절검사(Manifest Refraction) 와 조절마비제률 이용한 굴절검사( Cycloplegic Refraction)를 하였고， 5 일 후 추적 검사 (Post Cyclo-refraction) 를 하였다. 본 연구에서는 면과 원주요소를 각각 CR과 MR, PCR과 MR, PCR과 CR의 차이를 계산하여 Origin 6.0(paired t-test) 프로그랩올 사용하여 분석 하였다. 그 결과 CR과 MR, PCR과 CR의 차이와 비교하여 MR과 CR의 구면요소 굴절차이가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 이러한 구면의 차이는 나이가 중가할수록 감소하였다 :6세 (p = 0.03237, t = -3.78325) 와 7세 (p = 0.000245378, t = -5.31없3) 에서 는 유의 하였고 8세 (p = 0.08871, t = -1.97593) 와 9세 (p = 0.48959, t = -0.74536) 에 서 는 유의 하지 않았다. MR과 PC의 구면 차이는 모든 나이에서 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. 김의 연구도 또한 MR과 CR의 차이가 7 세 보다 어린 나이에서 굴절력의 차이가 크게 나타났다고 보고 하였다. 결론적으로 각각의 굴절상태 차이에서 구면요소는 나이가 어릴수록 조절성향 이 강한 반면 원주요소는 굴절 변화가 적고 불규칙적이며 불일치성을 보였다 (p< 0.05). 이 결과에 의하여 나이가 어린 환자， 특히 7세 미만에서는 반드시 조절마비제 를 이용한 굴절검사가 이루어져야 하겠다.

Objective: This study was performed to measure the level of stress of cerebral palsy workers, and to investigate the relationship between the stress dimensions and stress inducing factors of cerebral palsy workers in Korean manufacturing industry. Method: The sample used in this study consists of 66 employees with cerebral palsy wokers. They are employees of the protective employment companies located in Seoul, Inchon, and Gyung-gi province. The Psycho-Social Well-being Index (PWI), which was designed through modification of Goldberg’s 60-items of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), was used to measure the stress level. The following variables, independent and moderate variables, are designed for the same purpose. The independent variables are general and disability characteristics, workplace-related characteristics of the respondents. The moderate variables include social support, type A behavior pattern, self-esteem and coping strategy. The collected data were analyzed using SAS version 6.12 program. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1.　For the moderate variables, the low self esteem, and A type behavior were more significant to measure the stress level. 2.　The multiple regression analysis showed that the significant variables on the level of stress of cerebral palsy workers were low self-esteem and A type behavior pattern. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that appropriate health promotion programs, should be established and provided for reducing the stress of cerebral palsy workers in manufacturing industry.

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG biofeedback training effect on the muscle activities in 3 unilateral facial palsy patients along with multiple baseline design across subjects. The auditory feedback about facial muscles (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis) was provided with each patient during facial exercise training. Electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction and maximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation on facial nerve of facial muscles were measured pre- and post- EMG biofeedback training to evaluate motor learning. EMG activity during maximal voluntary contraction was increased after EMG biofeedback training and CMAP amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation was not changed in all subjects. The results indicate that EMG biofeedback training is useful method to improve motor learning of facial excercise training in unilateral facial palsy patients.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the level of stress of cerebral palsy wokers, and to investigate the relationship between the stress and stress inducing factors of cerebral palsy wokers in Korean manufacturing industry. Method: The sample used in this study consists of 66 employees with cerebral palsy. They are employees of the protective employment companies located in Seoul, Inchon and Gyung-gi province. The psycho-social well-being index (PWI), which was designed through modification of Goldberg’s 60-items of General health Questionaire (GHS), was used to measure the stress level. The independent variables are general and disability characteristics, workplace-related characteristics. The collected data were analyzed using SAS version 6.12 program. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows : The average score for the level of stress response was 55.19 (±19.17). The high risk group was 32% of the woker with cerebral palsy, the latent stress group was 62%, and healthy group was 6%. The overall stress level was very high. The level of stress was significantly higher in respondents who has poor self-perceived health status, who can not satisfied with their job and workplace. Conclusions: In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that appropriate prevocational programs, should be estabilish and provided for reducing the stress of cerebral palsy wokers.

Objective: To learn correlation and linear relation between Perceptual Quotient (PQ) and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) by evaluating visual perception and IQ of the children with cerebral palsy and normal children, to compare the difference of the subject groups, and to use it as the preliminary study on the correlation between the visual perception and the IQ. Method: The assessment for the visual perception has been performed by Motor Free Visual Perception Test-revised (MVPT-R) twice and for the IQ by Leiter International Performance Scale (LIPS). Subjects have been 11 children with the cerebral palsy and 9 normal children, at the age of between 5 and 11. Results: Regarding the scores of the MVPT-R and the IQ of LIPS, the normal children’s scores have been higher than the one with the cerebral palsy, with meaningful statistics. There has been very high correlation between mental age and perceptual age, the IQ and the PQ, and the IQ has increased as the PQ has increased. When it comes to linear regression, the cerebral palsy has fit 65.9% while the other with the normal children has fit just 34.2%. Conclusions: There is a possibility of predicting the PQ and the IQ owing to the high correlation and the linear relation showed between the PQ and the IQ. There is a need for the activated study on the linear relation collecting the data about enough subjects through further research.

뇌 손상 후 급성기에 기능의 자발적인 회복이 일어나지만 환자들은 환측의 상지를 잘 사용하지 못하게 된다. 그 결과 원하는 움직임을 억제하는 상황을 발생시키는데 이것을 학습 무사용 증후군(learned nonu se syndrome)이라 한다. 이러한 학습 무사용 증후군을 치료하기 위해 억제-유도 치료(constraint-induced therapy)가 고안되었다. 억제-유도 치료는 연속되는 몇 주간에 걸쳐 매일 많은 시간 동안 건측의 상지를 묶어두고 환

In order to investigate the distribution of paralytic shellfish poison, we examined the toxicity during from February to October in 2000. Of 591 shellfish samples, 17(2.88%) samples were detected. Scapgarca broughtonii was highest collected 14.29%(2/14). In the monthly detection rate of PSP, April was highest 13.3%(8/60), in the regional collecting rate, Cheon-nam coastal area was highest 3.82%(10/262), and in cases of imported area, China was 8.3%(1/12). Imported area as well as domestic area samples should be strengthen to examine enduringly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.

In children with cerebral palsy, bone density is decreased by disturbance of bone remodelling due to lack of normal weight bearing and muscle contraction through physical activity. Loss of bone density cause fracture, delays treatment with immobilization, and leads to functional limitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density of lumbar spine in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. Six spastic quadriplegia and 14 spastic diplegia were evaluated in this study. QDR 4500 X-ray densitometer was used to measure bone density at lumbar spine (L1~L4). Children with cerebral palsy showed lower bone density than that of normal children. Bone density in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia was , , respectively. However, there was no significant differences in bone density between children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. There was no significant difference in bone density relation to motor development level, height, and weight. Further study is needed to find the appropriate interventions for preventing loss of bone density in children with cerebral palsy.

This paper presents the relevance between GMFM and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-one children ( months) with cerebral palsy participated in this study. GMFM was performed and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured by foot print gait analysis. A correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GMFM scores and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. A linear regression analysis was employed to find how much each gait spatiotemporal parameters could be predicted from GMFM scores. The total GMFM scores was significantly correlated with walking speed, cadence, and stride length. Dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping) were more significantly correlated with gait spatiotemporal parameters than dimensions A (lying and rolling), B (sitting), and C (crawling and kneeling). The GMFM scores were useful for predicting spatiotemporal parameters. However, it is difficult to predict the status of gait development using GMFM scores because GMFM scores and gait spatiotemporal parameters are only measured as quantities not qualities. In the field, it is easily found that many children with cerebral palsy are unable to walk in any way. Consequently, gait analysis cannot be performed in many cases. Therefore, it is more reasonable to investigate the influence of GMFM on spatiotemporal parameters, rather than vice versa.

Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) occurrence and variation in the different bivalve species including oyster, Crassostrea gigas and mussel, Mytilus edulis in Jinhae bay Korea from January to December in 1997 were surveyed. And also compositional characteristics of PSP ingredients in the different bivalve species were investigated. PSP in shellfish was detected from late February and increased continuously until the middle of April in Jinhae bay. And after April PSP level had been decreased gradually and the toxicity was not detected by mouse bioassay in the early of June. Of the examined bivalve species, PSP content in the mussel exhibited the highest value and the PSP content in the mussel in the middle of April, PSP high season in Jinhae bay, was 6 times higher than that in the oyster. Gonyautoxin (GTX)1-4 group occupied 59.0-78.8% of whole PSP contents and identified as dominant ingredient in the examined bivalves except oyster. And it is also identified that the PSP toxicity in the tested species were derived from the GTX group. And the dominant ingredient of PSP in the oyster was carbamoyl-N-sulfo-llα- hydroxysaxitoxin sulfate(C1)(37.9%) and neosaxitoxin(neoSTX)(26.2%). But the toxicity of C1 in the tested oyster could be ignorable and most toxicity (80.0%) was derived from saxitoxin (STX) group.