This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the dietary life according to the acculturation degree. The subject was 305 Chinese students in South Korea region. The questionnaire respondents are consisted of 148 male students (48.5%) and 157 female students (51.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in age, education level, residence time, and Korean language ability according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in gender, residence pattern, purpose of coming to Korea. There was a statistically significant difference between meals frequency, outside frequency, and the intake of Chinese food according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in snake taking frequency (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in drinks and computer time according to acculturation degree (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between smoking and exercise (p>0.05). The food intake style of Chinese students was 2.47 in noodles, 2.34 in lunches and 2.15 in breads. According to the acculturation degree, the food intake patterns showed statistically significant differences in dumping kind, congee, hamburger and pizza, while meat products, smoked meat, noodle, lunch, cereal, kimbap, sandwich. And there was no significant difference. The correlation between the factors influencing the acculturation degree of Chinese students showed a statistically significant effect on dietary habits, food intake, education level, residence period, and Korean language ability.

Despite growing interest in Korean foods, South-east Asian consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods have not been well elucidated. This study was conducted to understand South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ perception and acceptance of Korean foods and the association with their food neophobia level. Ninety-three Muslim consumers (mean ages 25.2, men 35.5%, women 64.5%) from Malaysia (72%), Indonesia (16.1%), and Singapore (11.9%) rated their degree of food neophobia as well as recognition and acceptance of representative Korean menu items. Background data such as duration of stay and Korean food consumption habits were collected. Overall, participants perceived Korean foods positively (4.04 on a 5-point hedonic scale). Most well-recognized Korean foods were gimbap and bulgogi, whereas less-known spicy foods such as ojingoe deopbap were most liked among items that were actually consumed. A neophobic group rated Korean foods less favorably than neutral and neophilic groups (p<0.05). Future studies are required to identify whether or not South-east Asian Muslim consumers’ food neophobia is formed under the influence of religious regulations or reflect individual consumers’ personal traits.

Alginate lyase from Streptomyces violaceoruber was purified by DEAE sephacel chromatography and SP sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 14.6 units/mg protein, representing a 40.6-fold purification of the crude extract. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on Tricine-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whose molecular weight was determined to be 23.3 kDa. The polyMG block of sodium alginate was hydrolyzed by the purified alginate lyase and then separated by activated carbon column chromatography and bio gel P-2 gel filtration. The main hydrolysates were composed of hetero type M/G-oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization (D.P.) being 6 and 8. To investigate the effects of hetero type M/Goligosaccharides from the sodium alginate on the growth of some intestinal bacteria, cells were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. B. longumgrew 4.25-fold and 6.44-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides compared with those of standard MRS medium. In addition, B. bifidumgrew 3.3-fold and 5.4-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. In conclusion, D.P. 8 was more effective than D.P. 6 hetero M/G-oligosaccharides as regards the growth of Bifidobacteriumspp. and Lactobacillus spp. Key words: hetero M/G-oligosaccharides, Streptomyces violaceoruber

Alginate lyase from Streptomyces violaceoruber was purified by DEAE sephacel chromatography and SP sepharose chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 14.6 units/mg protein, representing a 40.6-fold purification of the crude extract. The final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on Tricine-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whose molecular weight was determined to be 23.3 kDa. The polyMG block of sodium alginate was hydrolyzed by the purified alginate lyase and then separated by activated carbon column chromatography and bio gel P-2 gel filtration. The main hydrolysates were composed of hetero type M/G-oligosaccharides with the degrees of polymerization (D.P.) being 6 and 8. To investigate the effects of hetero type M/Goligosaccharides from the sodium alginate on the growth of some intestinal bacteria, cells were cultivated individually on the modified-MRS medium containing D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. B. longumgrew 4.25-fold and 6.44-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides compared with those of standard MRS medium. In addition, B. bifidumgrew 3.3-fold and 5.4-fold more effectively by the treatment of D.P. 6 and 8 M/G-oligosaccharides. In conclusion, D.P. 8 was more effective than D.P. 6 hetero M/G-oligosaccharides as regards the growth of Bifidobacteriumspp. and Lactobacillus spp

목 적: 5~50세에 해당하는 연구대상에서 세대에 따른 굴절이상의 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 1987년부터 2012년 10월까지 청주와 천안의 안경원에 굴절이상 교정을 위해 방문한 사람 162,494 명(남성 50,453명, 여성 112,041명)의 굴절검사 데이터를 사용하였다. 안경원은 청주 5군데와 천안 2군데를 선정하여 개인정보를 제외한 굴절검사 데이터만을 수집하여 분석에 사용하였다. 각 연구 대상의 연령은 출생 연도와 안경원 방문 일자를 계산하여 만 나이로 산정하였다. 연령에 따른 굴절이상 변화를 고려하여 연령을 그룹화하고 동일 그룹에서 방문연도에 따른 평균 굴절이상 정도를 등가구면 굴절력으로 비교하였다. 또한 안 경원 방문 당시 연도와 연령을 변수로 하여 굴절이상에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 회귀분석을 시행하였 다. 연구대상에 포함하는 일부 표본인구에 설문조사를 실시하여 세대에 따른 환경적 요인 변화를 확인하였다. 결 과: 6개 연령 그룹 모두 방문당시 연도에 따라 평균굴절이상 정도에 유의한 차이를 보였고, 방문 연도 가 최근에 가까울수록 (-)방향으로 그 값이 커지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 5~50세 전체 연령군의 평균굴절 이상 정도를 결정하기 위한 회귀분석에서는 방문연도가 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 표본 집단을 대상으로 한 설문조사에서는 30대 그룹보다 20대 그룹에서 근거리 작업과 관련한 답변에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 결 론: 동일 연령군에서도 평균 굴절이상 정도는 환경적 요인에 의해 세대에 따라 달라진다. 본 연구 대상 에 해당하는 5~50세 연령 그룹 모두 (-)방향으로 굴절이상 정도가 증가하였다.

연구자의 성장경로에 있어서 박사학위를 취득한 이후 시점은 변곡점이 형성되는 전환기로 경험에 커다란 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 교수의 지도를 받는 학생의 입장에서 벗어나 독립된 연구자로 발전하는 중요한 시기이다. 또한 신진연구자 시기는 개인 연구역량의 축적과 더불어 독립적인 연구자로서 대외적인 명성과 네트워크를 형성하기시작하는 시기이다. 본 연구에서는 박사학위 취득 후 안정적인 연구자로서 자리 잡기 전까지의 경험에 주목하였다. 이 기간 동안 포닥 연구원의 경험이 지식이전 활동에 어떠한 영향을미치는 지 탐색하고자 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 대학 신진연구자를 중심으로 논문 성과와 공저자 관계로 나타나는 지식이전 활동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 박사취득 후대학의 전임교원으로 임용되기 전까지 경험이 연구자의 논문 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 2008년도 신진연구자지원사업을 수행한 대학 연구자를 대상으로 국가과학기술정보시스템에서 제공하는 연구자 정보를 활용하여 학력 및 경험사항, 연구 성과 등에 대한 정보를 수집하고 STATA를 활용하여 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 포닥 기간의 경험 중 기관의 다양성이 논문 성과와 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로나타났다. 포닥 경험의 상호작용 측면에서 포닥 경험 기간이 길고 국외 포닥 경험이 있는 경우 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 포닥 경험 기간 중 경험한 기관이 많고 국외 포닥 경험이 있는 경우 논문 성과와 연구 네트워킹 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 포닥 기간의 경험이 연구성과에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 하나의 변수로 고려할 수 있고 포닥 연구원 지원제도와 관련된 정부 정책을 수립하는데 큰 시사점을 제시할 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity cardiac rehabilitation exercise on the cardiac function and the degree of fibrosis in an older white rat model. This study used male Sprague- Dawley white rats that were 50 weeks old. After the acute myocardial infarction induction, Twenty of the rats were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group, and each of the groups consisted of 8 rats. In the experimental group, the exercise was conducted for six weeks, 30 minutes a day, five days a week, using a Rotarod treadmill for animals. The degree of myocardial fibrosis was significantly repressed in the experimental group(13.69±1.90%) and in the control group(15.67±1.54%)(p<0.05). However, fractional shortening and ejection fraction did not show a significant difference. The results of this study suggest that cardiac rehabilitation with low intensity treadmill exercise repress the myocardial fibrosis.

The purpose of this study was to analyze University student’s dietary behavior for processed foods and recognition on food nutrition labelling according to the degree of health concern. For this study, 302 University students in Gyeonggi region was surveyed by questionnaire from May in 2016 and it included the questions about general matters, dietary behavior on processed foods, and the food nutrition label system. It was analysed by SPSS win 23.0 program. And the results are as follows. According to the result of the factor analysis, the preference of processed foods were showed 3.21~3.97. There were significant differences in milk and milk products preference according to health concern (p<0.05). Also frequency of processed foods was shown significant differences in milk and milk products, noodles, beverage, and fast food (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in meat products, snack, bread and frozen food (p>0.05). Also, the processed food purchase consideration according to health concern was shown significant differences in nutrition, origin, manufacturing company (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in taste, price, exterior, brand, and shelf life (p>0.05). Thus, it is necessary to do continuing public relations and to provide more opportunities for nutrition education so that the University students may obtain right dietary behavior on processed foods and the system of food nutrition indication be established properly.

The effect of temperature distribution in the retort on the degree of sterilization and the product quality was investigated. The temperature distribution in the retort chamber in an industrial scale of retort was evaluated. The target processing temperature was set to 121.1°C based on the standard sterilization process for C. botulinum. The temperature distributions at several points in the retort chamber were measured during the sterilization process, such as the heating (25°C to 121.1°C), holding (121.1°C), and cooling (121.1°C to 25°C) processes. Fo-values at different positions in the chamber were evaluated and compared. Potato cubes were used as a control sample to obtain the heat penetration curve for evaluating the degree of sterilization and the quality changes. Potato samples in cube shape (13×13×13 mm) were prepared and packed in 5 kg of retort pouch pack. A significant temperature deviation occurred during the cooling process and it significantly affected the degree of sterilization.

In this study, the degree of particle melting in Y2O3 plasma spraying and its effects on coating characteristics have been investigated in terms of microstructural features, microhardness and scratch resistance. Plasma sprayed Y2O3 coatings were formed using two different powder feeding systems: a system in which the powder is fed inside the plasma gun and a system in which the powder is fed externally. The internal powder spraying method generated a well-defined lamellae structure that was characterized by a thin porous layer at the splat boundary and microcracks within individual splats. Such micro-defects were generated by the large thermal contraction of splats from fully-molten droplets. The external powder spraying method formed a relatively dense coating with a particulate deposition mode, and the deposition of a higher fraction of partially-melted droplets led to a much reduced number of inter-splat pores and intra-splat microcracks. The microhardness and scratch resistance of the Y2O3 coatings were improved by external powder spraying; this result was mainly attributed to the reduced number of micro-defects.

Hunter's color value “a” in dried-persimmon of table and full ripe fruit was higher than that in unripe fruit. In case of soluble solid content, full ripe fruit was 50o Brix, the highest degree, while unripe fruit was 40o Brix, the lowest degree. PPO activation of unripe fruit was 4.7, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (0.7) and full ripe (1.0). Polyphenol oxidase activation remained even while drying, but there was no difference in PPO activation degree as drying period increased. Total phenol content of unripe fruit was 101.4, which was higher than table-ripe fruit (57.5) and full ripe fruit (67.4). Total phenol content level increased as drying period increased, which was based on fresh weight. Hardness of unripe and table ripe fruit continued to decrease until three weeks during softening. After that, hardness was high and it started drying. However, in full ripe fruit, hardness increased after two weeks and softening was fast during the drying period, and its weight reduction rate was lower than that of unripe and table ripe fruit.

In this article, I give a brief description of Bicep2 experiment, and a summary of its result.

Research in foreign accent has reported various factors of accentedness. However, very little attention has been given to the relationship between L2 speakers’ accentedness and their awareness of, or sensitivity to, L2 phonological system. The present study aims to explore the relationship between ESL learners’ phonological awareness, as measured by several tasks, and their accentedness, as rated by native speakers of English. Twelve advanced adult ESL speakers participated in seven tasks purported to tap into their sensitivity to English sounds and sound structures. They also read an English passage, and four native speakers rated their foreign accentedness on a 9-point scale. The learners showed individual differences in their phonological awareness despite the fact that they were from an intact class presumably at the same proficiency level. They also exhibited varying degrees of foreign accent. Correlational analyses revealed that in general there was a nonsignificant correlation between the learners’ L2 phonological awareness and their accentedness, and that the awareness did not seem to have translated into L2 production. The study addresses some methodological and procedural issues that suggest crucial points for refinement of the phonological awareness tasks and the L2 speech data collection method.

本文运用语料库方法对‘程度副词+V得/不C’结构的使用情况进行了调查，检索结果发现在1223个动词当中，可适用于该结构的动词有199个。经分析表明‘V得/不C’能否受到程度副词修饰、能否带宾语都与可能补语结构的词汇化程度、结构形式、充当补语的词类无关，而是由可能补语结构本身具有的可能意义表达出来的状态、性质特征所决定的。因此，本文将这些能受到程度副词修饰的可能补语结构看成一个语块(chunk）。并且把‘程度副词+V得/不C+O’中的‘O(宾语)’视为表示状态、性质的一部分，也将其包括在语块范围在内，因此该结构应该分析为‘程度副词+(V得/不C+O）’结构。

As film products are increasingly used in a wide range of areas, from producing traditional flexible packaging to high-tech electronic products, a higher level of quality is demanded. Most film products are made in the form of rolled finished goods, therefore, various quality issues related to their shape characteristics must be addressed. The thickness of the film products is one of the most common and important critical-to-quality attributes (CTQs). Particularly, the degree of thickness uniformity is more important than other thickness parameters, because it will be potential causes of many secondary thickness-related quality problems, such as wrinkles or faulty windings. To control the degree of thickness uniformity, the fixed bending region is oneof the most important CTQs to manage. Fixed bending regions are special points in the transverse direction of a rolled product with consistent minute variations of the thickness gap. This paper describes the measurement and analysis of thickness uniformity data, which were performed in a real manufacturing field of biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film. In previous researches, quality function deployment (QFD) or fault tree analysis were used to find the most critical process attributes out to controlthe CTQ of thickness uniformity. Whereas, this paper uses traditional control charts to find the most critical process attributes out in this problem. In addition, the selection of one of the major critical process attributes (CTPs) that is expected to affect the CTQ of thickness uniformity is also described. The selected critical-to-process attributes are the controlled temperatures along the transverse direction. A dramatic improvement in thickness uniformity was observed when the selected CTPs were controlled.

Global depression has brought the Korean economy into the period of low growth. The notion of lifetime employment has long crumbled, while economic recession is gradually taking away quality jobs. Furthermore, the average lifespan for the population has neared 100, while baby-boomer retirement is swinging into high gear. The simultaneous inrush of social and economic problems is threatening our wellbeing. However, there has been insufficient amount of research conducted on the factors that influence the satisfaction with lectures in lifelong education designed to address the problems. If we look at the earlier studies, most of them are on the satisfaction with lectures in regular courses. Our society demands that jobs be created for retirees including the baby boomers and that quality jobs be provided for those who want to go back to work after they have withdrawn from previous employment. In this light, the current study aims to bring light on the causal relation between the influential factors and variables involved in the satisfaction of lectures of non-degree programs with a view to solving those problems, and suggests the need to draw up marketing strategy that uses it. Specifically, the purpose and method of this study are as follows. First, to develop variables to be used in this study through in-depth interviews with field staff in the industry and training staff. Second, to identify predisposing factors that influence the satisfaction with the lectures of non-degree programs. Third, to identify the variables mediating predisposing factors and satisfaction with lectures. Fourth, to propose marketing strategy for non-degree programs using the results of the study. As identified through this study, the influencing factors for satisfaction with lectures are physical environment, composition of contents, and instructor ability and attitude, while mediating variables are interaction and immersion in lectures. If these factors are reflected in education, a higher level of satisfaction with lectures will be ensured for business starting youths, retirees, and those who want to have some other job after withdrawing from their previous ones. Educational institutions will be able to use it in ensuring stabler recruiting of trainees and establish a more efficient guidance and marketing strategy. Reflecting the results of the study in education will contribute to heightening educational sustainability, social sustainability, and economic sustainability.

With the rapid growth of the ultra-high-definition (UHD) TV market, immersive technology and applications designed for living room TV environments have become increasingly popular. Therefore, realistic and immersive games are expanding further into next-generation game platforms based on smart TV technology. This paper proposes a technique to integrate 360-degree panoramic video and Internet protocol television (IPTV) systems to create realistic and immersive game services. Three hundred sixty-degree panoramic video is one of the most effective means of providing the immersive perception and reality of first-person free-viewpoints in virtual reality systems. This approach increases immersion into virtual reality space while reducing client loads.

열대와 아열대 지역에서는 모기로 인한 질병이 상습적으 로 전파되고 있다. 하지만 최근 기후변화로 인해 말라리아, 뎅구열, 황열병 등의 분포 지역이 열대와 아열대를 넘어 확 산되고 있는데, 이 질병들은 모기를 통해 인간에게 전파된 다. 오랫동안 이러한 질병 및 가려움을 유발하는 모기의 수를 줄이기 위해 퇴치기구, 식물의 추출물, 자생어류, 파장, 살충 제 등에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 본 실험에서 는 모기 유충인 장구벌레를 생태학적으로 제어하기 위해 자연 상태와 유사한 인공수조 34개에서 식물의 피도와 높이 를 다양하게 조합하여 모기 유충의 수를 관찰하였다. 각 수 조에서 뜰채로 1회 3번씩 채집된 장구벌레의 수를 기록하였 으며 3회 반복하였다. 장구벌레의 수는 식물의 피도가 41~60%인 지점에서 평균 2.26마리로 가장 많았고, 식물체 높이가 0~9cm인 곳에서 0.85마리로 가장 많았다. 본 연구 결과 식물의 피도가 60%이상이거나 높이가 10cm 이상인 곳에서는 장구벌레가 발견되지 않았다.