어계 조려가 살았던 1420년(세종 2년)부터 1489년(성종 20)까지의 기간은 조선이 유교이념에 따라 각종 정치,제도, 문물이 갖추어져 가던 시기였다. 동시 에 세조가 정권을 찬탈한 이후에는 막강해진 훈구세력에 맞서 도덕과 절의를 중시하고 지방에서 유교 교육에 힘쓴 사림세력이 성장한 기간이었다. 함안 조씨의 조려 가문도 이러한 시기를 맞이하여 절의를 중시하고 유교 교육 에 힘썼던 조려에 의해 그 성장의 기틀이 형성되었다. 조려는 함안의 원북동에 터를 잡은 이후 과거에 합격하기 위해 여러 차례 상경하여 유교경전과 문장을 익혔다. 진사시에 합격한 이후에는 성균관에서 수학하면서 요순 시대의 이상적 인 정치를 희구하였으며, 도덕과 절의를 중시하는 많은 유교적 지식인들과 사 귀었다. 그러나 그는 세조에 의해 단종이 강제로 쫓겨나자 자신의 유교 정치에 대한 이상이 실현될 수 없다고 판단하고, 고향에 내려와 끝내 출사하지 않았으 며, 어계처사(漁溪處士)를 자처하며 단종에 대한 절의를 다하였다. 뿐만 아니라 그는 함안 일대에서 도덕과 절의를 중시하는 사림파 지식인들 과 교제하였으며, 향촌사회에서 유교적 예속의 보급과 가문의 중흥을 위해 노력하였다. 유교적 예속의 보급을 위해 주자가례에 규정된 상제례의 실천에 솔선수범하였고, 지방 교화를 위해서 향교에 나아갔으며, 지방 수령들에 게 어진 정사를 펼칠 것을 당부하기도 하였다. 또한 그는 자녀 교육에도 힘써 자신의 아들들이 매사에 뜻을 크게 갖고 조심 하여 호랑이처럼 이름을 떨칠 것을 기대하고, 자신의 종제(從弟) 조욱(趙昱)과 함께 훈도하였다. 이에 조려의 큰 아들 조동호와 그 소생에서 문과 합격자 3명 을 비롯한 여러 명의 과거합격자를 배출하였다. 조동호가 안동의 이증과 같은 사림가문의 인물과 혼인한 것이 큰 배경이 되기도 하였다. 둘째아들 금호와 그 소생 역시 주로 무관으로 진출하였는데, 금호는 중종반정에 참여하여 훈척가문 이 되기도 하였다. 이후로도 조려의 후손들은 조려의 절의와 훈도로 인해 더욱 번창하였으며, 왜 란 때에 다수의 인물들이 의병운동에 참여하였다. 뿐만 아니라 조려의 후손들 은 조려의 절의를 추숭하기 위해서 많은 노력을 기울였다. 특히 조려의 5대손 조임도는 조려의 ｢구일등고시(九日登高詩)｣의 내용에서 조려의 절의를 표상할 수 있음을 알았으며, 조려의 절의를 표장하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울였다. 그 결과 조려의 현손 조감의 사위인 성문준의 ｢어계선생전(漁溪先生傳)｣과 성문준 의 생질인 윤선거의 『노릉지(魯陵志)』이후로도 조려의 후손들은에 다시 조려의 절의사실이 기록되어지 고, 사림 사이에서 널리 공론화되었다. 특히 숙종 대에 이르러서는 사육신과 단 종이 복권된 것을 계기로 조려의 절의가 조야에서 재조명되고, 생육신으로 받 들어지게 되었던 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to observe the influence mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior have on the adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes and adolescents' pro-environmental consumption behavior. Also by examining the variable relation, the study scopes out the effectiveness of environmental experience. For the analysis, high school students in Korea were gathered from online and multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny mediation analysis were conducted among a total of 521 surveys. The main findings are as follows: First, mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ environment-friendly attitudes. Second, mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ pro-environmental consumption behavior. Third, mediating effect of adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes was verified in the relationship between mother's and adolescent's pro-environmental consumption behavior. The findings suggest the importance of adolescents' environment-friendly attitudes and improve adolescent's pro-environmental consumption behavior by having practice mother's pro-environmental consumption behavior.

This research analyzed the characteristics of varieties of rice such as a harvest time and yield, and to select a proper variety to product green rice according to a conventional planting culture and a late planting culture. The most proper harvest time of rice, in general, was 15 to 25 days after heading to product the green rice. Sinsunchal among glutinous rice varieties and Chilbo among nonglutinous rice varieties showed the most amount harvest at 25 days after heading, which was a limit harvest time for the whole green rice production in overall rice varieties. The amount of green rice according to transplanting times, the May 30 th transplanting was more than the June 20 th . The yield of green rice harvested at 15~25 days after heading was varied according to varieties. Proper glutinous varieties for green rice production were Dongjinchal, Sangdongchal, Boseokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, which were transplanted at the May 30 th . Meanwhile, Boseokchal, Backokchal, and Sinsunchal, in order of listed, were proper varieties for green rice production, which were transplanted at the June 20 th . In nonglutinous rice, Samkwang, Nunbora, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the May 30 th , were proper varieties for green rice production. Hwanggeomnodeul, Hopum, and Chilbo, which were transplanted at the June 20 th , were proper varieties for green rice production.

본 연구는 동극활동 과정에서 나타난 유아들의 경험을 심도 있게 분석함으로써 동극활동 과정에서 나타 난 유아들의 친사회적 행동 양상은 어떠하며 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2014 년 4월 1일(화)부터 7월 24일(목)까지 15주 동안 주 2~3회에 걸쳐 유아의 흥미와 상황을 고려하여 융통성 있게 이루어졌다. 자료 수집은 참여 관찰을 통한 녹음 자료의 전사와 연구자의 연구 일지, 학부모와의 대화 등 기타 참조 자료를 다양한 방법으로 수집하였다. 동극활동 과정에서 나타난 행동양상은 첫째, 동극활동 과정에서 유아들은 친구를 배려하기 위해서 기다려 주거나 격려하고 칭찬해주는 행동이 나타났다. 둘째, 동 극활동 과정에서 유아들은 자신의 입장에서 도움을 주는 것에서 친구의 입장을 고려하여 도움을 주는 친사 회적 행동 양상으로 발전하였다. 셋째, 동극활동 과정에서 유아들은 자신의 물건이나 기회를 친구에게 양보 했다. 넷째, 동극활동 과정에서 유아들은 갈등상황을 긍정적으로 해결하기 위해 노력하고, 자신이 맡은 역 할에 책임을 다하며 협력하는 태도를 보였다. 동극활동 과정은 또래간의 다양한 의사소통의 기회와 협력의 경험을 제공하여 친사회적 행동을 촉진하는 긍정적 경험을 제공하였다.

This paper looks at pro-form and cohesion in English writing from the angle of Korean L2 writers' mental script and attempts to suggest an interpretation of their responses in pro-form substitution. In English writing, to boost cohesion repetitive key nouns are typically substituted by pro-forms only if clarity is salvaged. However, how can we explain contrastive cases where Korean L2 writers prefer repetitive nouns to remain as they are without weakening the cohesion of a text? The writers attempt to explain this unsolved question, based on the survey results from Korean L2 writers and by referring to related theories of Oshima and Hogue (2006), Hyland (2009) and Hyun (2015). So far our research indicates that such response is attributable to Korean L2 writers' own schema and then this schema issue subsequently translates into their genre difference.

The purpose of this study was to observe the influence adolescents’ environmental experience and environmental consciousness have on the pro-environmental consumption behavior. Also by examining the variable relation, the study scoped out the effectiveness of environmental experience. For the analysis, high school students in Korea were gathered from online and the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Baron and Kenny mediation analysis were conducted among a total of 521 surveys. The main findings are as follows: First, adolescents’ environmental experience, environmental consciousness and pro-environmental consumption behavior showed a positive relationship. In other words, the more the experience, the more sense of responsibility adolescents had towards the environment and society, leading them to have pro-environmental consumption behavior. Second, environmental experience and environmental consciousness were proven to be essential factors that have influence on the adolescents’ pro-environmental consumption behavior. Third, partial mediating effect of environmental consciousness was verified in accordance with the relationship between environmental experience and pro-environmental consumption behaviour. The findings suggest the importance of adolescents' environmental consciousness and improvement of pro-environmental consumption behavior by having students gain environmental experience.

이 연구는 학교 현장에서 쓰레기 줄이기 활동과 관련하여 환경심리학적 강화물이 환경태도 와 실천의식 및 환경 친화적 행동에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 강화물 중 환경 친화적 행동을 증진하는데 가장 효과적인 것은 무엇이며, 환경심리학적 접근이 환경문제를 해결하는데 어떻게 기여할 것인지를 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 경기도 소재 J초등학교 6학년 2개 반 70명을 대상으로 실험 수업과 설문 조사를 실시하였고, 그 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험 수업 대상 학생들에게 사전⋅사후 검사를 통해 환경 친화적 행동의 변화를 조사한 결과 환경심리학적 강화접근법은 환경태도와 실천의식 및 환경 친화적 행동을 증진시키는데 효과적 인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 환경 친화적 행동을 증진시키데 사용한 강화물의 경우 즐거움이 가 장 효과적이었고, 다음으로 쿠폰 혜택, 명예, 현금 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 환경규범 활성화와 정적⋅부적 강화접근 및 환경 교육은 환경 친화적 행동의 발생빈도를 증가시키는데 기여함으 로써 환경 보호 기능이 가능하다.

In this study those currently operating pyrolysis oil plant were selected for the investigation. The yield of the oil andfuel was assessed for its use as fuel and the char component analysis, and the reaction time to collect contaminantscollected and analyzed. As the result, about 40% of the oil was yielded and oil could be used as an alternative fuel. Char’sleaching test analysis result was satisfied with the landfill standard. And emission of Dioxin and pollutants was analyzed.The highest concentration of dioxin was 0.7347ng I-TEQ/Sm3. The result satisfied the requirement however the emissionconcentration was changed depending on the input Fuel. Therefore the appropriate pollution control facility should berequired.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introducing SMV-CP and HC-Pro gene by RNA interference (RNAi) method via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were infected with SMV strain G5 and investigated the viral response. As a result, two lines (3 and 4) of SMV-CP(RNAi) transgenic plants and three lines (2, 5 and 6) of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants showed viral resistance. In genomic Southern blot analysis, most of lines contained at least one T-DNA insertion in both SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. Subsequent investigation confirmed that no viral CP and HC-Pro gene expression was detected in two SMV-resistant lines of SMV-CP(RNAi) and three lines of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, respectively. On the other hand, non-transgenic plants and other lines showed viral RNA expression. Viral symptoms affected seed morphology, and clean seeds were harvested from SMV-resistant line of SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. In addition, strong viral gene expression was detected from seeds of SMV-susceptible non-transgenic plants and SMV-susceptible transgenic lines. When compared the viral resistance between SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, soybean transgenic plants with the HC-Pro gene using RNAi strategy showed much stronger and higher frequency of viral resistance.

The purpose of this paper is to look into pro analysis in which null argument is identified as zero pronoun (namely, pro) for the Korean null argument constructions. It has been argued that the pro analysis is superior to the ellipsis analysis in which null argument is identified as empty NP. However, this paper points out that there still seem to be potential problems with the pro analysis. It is proven that the validity of continuation test which is provided as a test for the pro analysis is questionable in respects of theory and empiricism. Furthermore, it is shown in this paper that while under the pro analysis only sloppy like identity interpretation is yielded out in the Korean null argument constructions, in fact genuine sloppy identity interpretation is yielded out in them. This means that the ellipsis analysis must be still useful even though the pro analysis is more pervasive in explaining the Korean null argument constructions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of Self Management Strategies and Sports Performance Strategies for Team Cohesion on women's pro basketball team. Methods: Data was collected by a survey method from 89 Korean women's professional basketball athletes for this study. The data analysis was conducted suing the PASW statistics ver. 18.0 with the factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise regression performed and Scheffe's post-hoc was applied if when the results showed a significantly difference. Results: (1) group social cohesion, mental readiness, daily living management, physical conditioning, interpersonal relationship, condition control, and imagery-goal setting were significantly different by aging, (2) mental readiness, daily living management, physical conditioning, interpersonal relationship, training management, condition control, imagery-goal setting, and relaxation were significantly different by career, (3) group task cohesion, daily living management, physical conditioning, interpersonal relationship, and condition control were significantly different by average playing time, (4) no different by position, (5) Self Management Strategies (training management, daily living management, mental readiness) influenced Team Cohesion, and (6) condition control influenced Team Cohesion (individual social cohesion, individual task cohesion, group task cohesion). Conclusion: The women pro basketball players who have higher age, career, and average playing time than the others efforts harder with self management and sport performance strategies for maintaining and improving their athletic performance which influence to enhance team cohesion, and it finally supports team performance being advanced.

이 연구는 국내 프로야구 선수가 인지하는 팀 구성원간의 신뢰감(구단, 지도자, 동료 선수)이 팀 응집력 과정을 통해 팀 수행능력을 향상하는데 어떻게 작용하는지를 검증 하였다. 연구대상은 국내 프로야구 선수 300명이었다. 자료 분석을 위해 기술통계, 확인적 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형 분석, Phantom 변수를 이용한 매개효과의 차이 검증이 Amos Graphics 20.0 and SPSS 20을 사용하여 실시되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 프로 야구 팀 지도자에 대한 신뢰와 동료 선수의 신뢰가 팀 응집력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구단에 대한 신뢰는 팀 응집력에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 프로 야구 팀 응집력이 팀 수행에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째 프로 야구 팀 응집력이 지도자·동료 선수 신뢰와 팀 수행간을 중재하는 것으로 나타났다. 네 번째 지도자 신뢰·동료 선수 신뢰와 팀 수행간 관계에서 팀 응집력 매개효과에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적인 연구 결과는 프로야구 감독, 코치, 및 선수 자신들이 서로의 신뢰감을 쌓는 것이 팀 응집력을 통해 곧 경기 결과로 이어질 수 있다는 점을 인지하고, 어떻게 신뢰감을 높일지에 대한 고민과 노력이 있어야한다고 제시하고 있다.

적어도 2,500년 전에 기원된 바둑은 세상에서 가장 오래된 보드 게임 중의 하나이다. 아직까지 포석 바둑에 대한 이론적 연구는 여전히 미흡하다. 본 연구는 특정 프로기사의 포석을 갖고 훈련용 포석으로부터 얻어낸 클래스로의 인식을 위해 전통적인 선형판별분석 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 상위 10위권 한국 프로기사의 포석을 갖고 클래스-독립 선형판별분석과 클래스-종속 선형판별분석을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 클래스-독립 LDA는 평균 14%의 인식률을, 클래스-종속 LDA는 평균 12%의 인식률을 각각 보였다. 또한 연구 결과 일반적인 상식과 달리 PCA가 LDA보다 더 우월하고, 유클리디언 거리 측정 방식이 결코 LDA보다 뒤지지 않는다는 새로운 사실이 밝혀졌다.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyviridae family, is one of the most typical viral diseases and results in yield and quality loss of cultivated soybean. Due to the depletion of genetic resources for resistance breeding, a trial of genetic transformation to improve disease resistance has been performed by introducing SMV-CP and HC-Pro gene by RNA interference (RNAi) method via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were infected with SMV strain G5 and investigated the viral response. As a result, two lines (3 and 4) of SMV-CP(RNAi) transgenic plants and three lines (2, 5 and 6) of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants showed viral resistance. In genomic Southern blot analysis, most of lines contained at least one T-DNA insertion in both SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. Subsequent investigation confirmed that no viral CP and HC-Pro gene expression was detected in two SMV-resistant lines of SMV-CP(RNAi) and three lines of HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, respectively. On the other hand, non-transgenic plants and other lines showed viral RNA expression. Viral symptoms affected seed morphology, and clean seeds were harvested from SMV-resistant line of SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants. In addition, strong viral gene expression was detected from seeds of SMV-susceptible non-transgenic plants and SMV-susceptible transgenic lines. When compared the viral resistance between SMV-CP(RNAi) and HC-Pro(RNAi) transgenic plants, soybean transgenic plants with the HC-Pro gene using RNAi strategy showed much stronger and higher frequency of viral resistance.

This paper examines the identity of null objects in Korean. For the last two decades, null objects in this language have been argued to derive from either base-generation as an empty pronoun or ellipsis/deletion. To resolve this controversial issue, we scrutinize some previous arguments supporting one analysis or the other for null objects. We set forth a background for the discussion of them, starting with the diagnostic that Chung et al. (2011) uses to distinguish VP and TP ellipsis in English. We then turn to Hoji's (1998) and Ahn and Cho's (2011) test utilizing the availability of a sloppy-like reading, and then to Hoji's (2003) and Bae and Kim's (2012) probe employing R-expressions. Showing that all these diagnostics are not effective as much as they have been claimed to be, we use the new test capitalizing on the extraction out of an ellipsis site, arguing that null objects in Korean derive from deletion/ellipsis rather than base-generation as pro.

This study is a basic study on the development of functional substances involved in obesity prevention, lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Allium monanthum extracts (AME) were administered orally to obesity-induced rats, and their lipid-lowering, antioxidative and various types of biological effects related to the immune system were examined. Blood free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations decreased as the dose of AME increased. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations in the blood decreased as the dose of AME increased. The total cholesterol concentrations in the liver of the AME-treated groups were lower than the control group. The thiobarbituric acid reactive concentrations were lower in the plasma and liver of all AME-treated groups than the control group. Plasma AST and ALT activities did not show any significant differences among the treatment groups. IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in the liver tended to decrease as the dose of AME increased. TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations did now show any significant differences compared to the control group. Lower expression levels of TNF-α, Apo-B and Apo-E genes were found in the AME-treated groups. Taken together, these results indicate that AME may show positive effects in lipid lowering, antioxidation and anti-inflammation.

Case Filter and Case Theorem come into play to account for the distribution of lexical NPs and PRO. Chomsky (1980) argues that PRO must be ungoverned since it is regarded as both an anaphor and a pronominal simultaneously. By definition, Case should be assigned under government. It explicitly implies that lexical NPs and PRO are mutually exclusive with each other. That is, lexical NPs are allowed to appear where PRO is prohibited. This paper presents "unusual" patterns of PRO. On the empirical side, the distribution of PRO is by far wider than predicted from the theoretical basis. The "unusual" cases exhibit that PRO can occur in the finite clause with both anaphoric and dependent tense. Control does not need to be restricted to infinitival complement clauses. It can readily expand into finite complement clauses. Interclausal dependency via control may be established between the matrix clause and the complement clause including infinitival and finite clauses as well.

Lycopene, found in tomatoes and tomato products, has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. High-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates the pro-inflammatory responses in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, the potential roles of lycopene in the HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expressions in the primary human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. The data showed that HMGB1 upregulated the expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Lycopene pre-incubation for 6 h decreased the HMGB1-mediated induction of MCP-1, IL-6, sPLA2-IIA, and PGE2. Further study revealed that the inhibitory effects of lycopene on the HMGB-1 induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes were mediated by the inhibition of two important inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. These results suggest that HMGB1 upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and lycopene inhibited HMGB-1-induced pro-inflammatory genes by inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB. This finding will serve as an important evidence in the development of a new medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.