The number of smartphone users in Korea is reaching around 20 million. We perform a research on the actual conditions, complaints and the types of losses, damages or injuries from smartphone users in Korea. Apart form that, we conduct an investigation on the current problems in promoting the use of smartphones. We would like to suggest some points for promoting global uses of smartphones through the analysis of and the comparison with the abroad cases, which precursed the wide-spread of smartphones in Korea.

본 연구는 4년제 대학교에 비해 열악할 수 있는 2년제 대학생들의 진로인식․탐색․준비를 기초로 졸업 후 취업을 향상하는데에 연구목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 전문대학의 취업지도 및 진로지도 현황과 문제점을 진단하고 이에 대한 강화 대책을 수립하는 데 목적을 두었다. 취업률을 향상시키고자 학교차원과 학과 차원으로 구분하여 아래와 같이 취업률 향상 방안을 제시한다. 우선 학교차원으로의 방안으로 첫째, 취업정보센터의 원활한 운영이 무엇보다 강조되어야 한다. 취업정보센터의 업무를 보다 적극적으로 운영하기 위해서는 교원이나 직원의 순환보직도 학교 내부의 효율성 측면을 보았을 때에는 생산적이겠지만, 전문적인 인력을 고용하여 학교취업을 극대화하는 것을 고려해야한다. 둘째, 학생역량강화시스템의 도입이다. 즉 최근에 정보공시제, 취업률 공개, 성과지표방식 적용, 교육역량강화사업 등 정부의 대학 평가 및 재정지원 기준이 강화되었는데, 이에 학생 입장에서는 입학에서 졸업까지 진로탐색-진로설계-경력관리-진로상담-취업지원 등을 지원하는 시스템이 필요하다. 지도교수는 담당학생들의 진로, 경력, 적응, 중도탈락 위험요인 등에 대한 다양한 정보를 바탕으로 학생 진로지도 및 상담을 지원하는 시스템 필요하고 대학에서는 중장기적인 학생 역량 인프라 구축, 타 대학과 차별화되는 핵심 서비스 필요, 진로/역량/취업 서비스의 통합적 관리 등 다양한 업무 지원 및 학생 관리 서비스 필요하다. 셋째, 정기적인 취업박람회 개최를 고려할 수 있다. 취업박람회는 후원 기관의 협조 및 세미나 행사(IT,전기전자업종협의회 MOU체결) 등과 연계하여 기업체 경영자 및 기관 일자리 담당자 방문으로 실질적인 협력체 관계를 마련하는 효과가 기대된다. 다음은 학과차원으로서 고려해야할 사항이다. 첫째, 현장실습-직업체험(Job Shadowing)의 효율적 운영이 요구된다. “현장실습” 교과목의 강조이며, 지도교수의 업체 방문을 통해 현장교육이 잘 진행되고 있는지를 확인하도록 한다. 둘째, 취업교과목을 개설할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 상시 진로지도시스템(L.C.P.)으로서 지속적인 진로정보를 제공하고 취업 및 진로에 관련한 상담을 할 수 있도록 하여 학생들이 원하는 시간에 주 1회 이상 진로 및 취업관련 상담과 지도를 받을 수 있도록 해야 한다.

대다수 학생들은 부모가 짜준 생활 계획에 의존하여 학교 공부가 끝나면 여러 학원으로 다니고 있다. 이는 늘 허둥대고 많은 시간을 낭비하는 생활 습관으로 이어져 자기주도적인 생활을 하지 못하고 있다. 2007 개정 교육과정의 재량활동 목적은 학생들의 자기주도적인 학습 능력 신장에 있다. 이를 위하여 학생, 학부모의 요구 수준과 학교 특성을 고려하여 창의적인 재량활동을 편성·운영할 수 있다. 초등학교 때 부터 학생들이 자기관리 능력을 신장시킨다면 성공적인 삶을 살아갈 수 있을 것이다. 또한 재량활동 시간에 체계적인 자기관리 교육을 꾸준히 지도한다면 학생들의 자기관리 능력은 신장될 것이다. 이에 연구자는 6학년 교육과정을 분석하여 창의적 재량활동으로 교육과정을 재구성하고 영역별, 차시별 5종류의 자기관리 프로그램을 구안·적용하여 다양한 학교, 학급행사활동에 학생들을 참여하게 함으로써 자기주도적인 생활을 실천하는 자기관리 능력을 신장시키고자 하였다.

International cooperation in outer space affairs has always been considered vital to the development of space activities. Such cooperation happens in different levels and different areas. Regional cooperation is especially meaningful to the regions concerned. We have witnessed important developments of space cooperation in Asia in the last few years. However, the cooperation so far is largely limited to technological aspects. We urgently need to see the cooperation in promoting awareness of space law in this region. This article proposes that the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Space Law Center, modeling on the European Center for Space Law, could fill the gap and play an important role in the promotion and education of space law in Asia. Nevertheless, in view of the current situation in the region, we may need to adopt the second best approach, that is, to establish a section within the Asia- Pacific Space Cooperation Organization solely dealing with promoting regional cooperation for space law.

In order to isolate thermophilic compost-promoting bacteria with high activity of cellulase and xylanase, spent mushroom substrates with sawdust were collected from mushroom cultivation farm, Jinju, Gyeongnam in Korea. Among of the isolates, one strain, designated HJ01 was selected by agar diffusion method. The strain HJ01 was identified as members of the Bacillus subtilis by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain HJ01 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus subtilis with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 99.3%. On the basis of its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain HJ01 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus subtilis HJ0 is proposed. The cellulase and xylanase activity of B. subtilis HJ0 was slightly increased according to bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in growth curve for B. subtilis HJ01.

This study investigates the collaborative task of dictogloss, which can be described as a communicative based activity which allows for the focus of form. The current study employed two dictogloss tasks in immediate repetition, and an examination was done concerning the ability of learners to notice recently taught target lexical items (TLIs) as they occurred during the individual and collaborative activities of the tasks. Fifty three Korean EFL learners enrolled as second year students in the English Department of a university in Seoul, South Korea, participated in the study. The results indicated that learners can successfully notice and attend to TLIs in addition to other grammatical forms during both individual and collaborative activity, and that immediate repetition of the dictogloss showed to increase these instances of noticing. The pedagogical implications of dictogloss as an effective learning procedure for promoting vocabulary noticing are discussed, in addition to the benefits of immediate repetition to further increase new vocabulary noticing.

For the present paper, we prepared MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) pre-oxidized by m-chlorperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) with magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (Mg(CH2COO)2·4H2O)and titanium n-butoxide (TiOC(CH3)34) as magnesium and titanium precursors. The prepared photocatalyst was analyzed byX-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The decompositionof methylene blue (MB) solution was determined under irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light. The XRD results show that theMgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst have cubic MgO structure and anatase TiO2 structure. The porous structure and the TiO2agglomerate coated on the MgO/MWCNT composite can be observed in SEM images. The Mg, O, Ti and C elements can bealso observed in MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst from EDX results. The results of photodegradation of MB solution under UVlight show that the concentration of MB solution decreased with an increase of UV irradiation time for all of the samples. Also,the MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst has the best photocatalytic activity among these samples. It can be considered that theMgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst had a combined effect, the effect of MWCNT, which could absorb UV light to create photo-induced electrons (e−), and the electron trapping effect of MgO, which resulted in an increase of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.

효율성과 생산성을 중시하는 최근의 사회구조적 특성으로 인해 여성장애인들은 ‘장애’와 ‘여성’이라는 이중적 소외와 차별을 경험하고 있다. 즉 여성장애인은 성차별 의식 속에서 여성이라는 문제와 경쟁적인 구조 속에서 장애라는 문제를 함께 안고 살아가고 있는 것이다. 이들은 복지서비스에 대한 높은 욕구를 가졌음에도 불구하고 상대적으로 불평등한 위치에 처해 있다. 따라서 여성장애인들의 인간다운 삶과 존재의 가치를 높이기 위해서는 여성장애인의 문제를 이해하고, 그러려면 이들이 처한 구체적인 현실과 경험을 토대로 한 접근이 우선적으로 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 여성장애인의 전 생애 중 전반적으로 삶의 질 자체에 영향을 주는 요인을 크게 경제적, 교육적, 가정적, 성적 문제 중심으로 분류하여 여성장애인의 생활실태를 중점적으로 분석해 보았다. 여성장애인은 이 네 가지 영역에서 전반적으로 생활상의 차별을 경험하는 문제를 안고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 무엇보다 심각한 현상은 낮은 교육수혜로 인해 직업훈련과 취업기회를 가질 수 없으며, 이로 인해 경제적인 어려움을 겪고 있으므로 독립적인 생활을 유지하기 힘들다는 점이다. 그래서 여성장애인을 위한 지원정책도 살펴보고, 이에 대한복지증진적인 과제를 제시해 보았다.

The purpose of this study is to propose the methodology for introducing green infrastructure that can improve the health of citizens by promoting walkability. The methodology is composed of the following three phases: classification of the types of green spaces, selection of core green spaces with two separate analyses, and introduction of the framework of green infrastructure to promote walkability. In the first phase, the classification of the types of green spaces was carried out in order to understand existing distribution pattern of green spaces in study site. In the second phase, walkable blocks were selected by such methods as walkability value. Through these two analyses, all the blocks were divided into three groups according to the ranking figured up the second analyses' results. The blocks in the first group, the group involved in the top 30% and having the greatest ranking, were defined as walkable blocks. In the last phase, a basic frame of the green infrastructure in study site was introduced by connecting the walkable blocks with using other blocks and the green spaces over 1ha. In case study, 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks were selected through the two analysis process. Then, the basic framework of green infrastructure based on the selected 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks was introduced. The methodology applied to this study can be used to get the best selections of the proper green infrastructure in accordance with the purpose of the ecological and recreational local development. In particular, this study will suggest a specific analysis model to use for the ecological and walkable urban planning with green spaces existing in the city.

Although hair disorders are not life threatening, a lot of people who suffer hair loss and/or hair thinning is increasing in accordance with changes in lifestyle and nutritional balance. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of herbal extracts on hair regrowth in C3H/HeJ mice. There were 6 experimental groups including distilled water (D.W.), 50% ethanol (a vehicle control), 3% minoxidil (a positive control), and 3 kinds of herbal extracts mixtures (C, D & E). The test compounds included followings; C : Glycyrrhizae radix, Rhei Rhizoma, Cornus officinalis and Sesami semeni, D : Viticus fructus, Pulsatilla chinensis, Gardenia fructus and Artemisiae argyi herb, E : Swertia pseudo-chinensis, Sophora flavescens Scutellaria baicalensis and Salvia miltiorrhiza. The animals were shaved with an electric clipper. The test compounds were daily treated to dorsal skin with 0.2 ml per mouse for 3 weeks. The topical application of the E test solution accelerated hair regrowth after 10 days faster than that of the positive and vehicle controls. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase significantly were increased in all the treatment groups after 3 weeks, compared with D.W. group. Especially, the E test solution notably increased ALP activity compared with positive or vehicle control group. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased in all the treatment groups after 3 weeks compared with D.W. group. These results suggest that the herbal extracts have hair regrowth effect by increasing enzyme activities and growth factors and it can be useful for treatment for alopecia in humans.

This study was carried out to investigate effect of herbal extracts mixtures on hair growth in an alopecia model of C57BL/6 mice. There were 4 experimental groups including distilled water (DW, negative control), 25% ethanol(EtOH, vehicle control) and two herbal extract mixtures (HE-1 and HE-2). HE-1 included Polygonum and Brassica campestris extracts and HE-2 included Mulberry root and Gardenia extracts. The 6 weeks-old C57BL/6 male mice were shaved with an electric clipper and the test compounds were topically treated with 0.2 ml per mouse daily for 3 weeks. The hair re-growth was photographically determined at days 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21. The number of mast cells which is an important modulator of hair growth was counted in 1 cm of dorsal skin section of mice. There were no clinical signs in all experimental groups. As the results of photometric analysis, the topical application of the herbal extracts (HE-1 & 2) for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair re-growth remarkably faster than that of DW group (p＜0.05). Activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly increased in EtOH group compared to DW group (p＜0.05). Both herbal extract mixtures also increased the ALP activity, but it was not significantly different from DW. Treatment of mice with HE-2 significantly increased mast cell population compared to EtOH. Taken together, these results suggest that herbal extract mixtures used in this study may have hair-growth promoting activities and can be useful for treatment for male pattern baldness or alopecia in humans.

본고에서는 지난 1990년부터 추진된 포동 개발·개방의 배경과 목적, 추진 과정에서 등소평의 역할, 구체적인 추진 방식, 네 개의 핵심 기능클러스터의 형성 등을 중국의 최근 자료에 기초하여 상세히 고찰하였다. 1990년 개발·개방을 시작한 이래 포동신구의 경제는 경이적인 고성장을 계속하였다. 포동의 GDP는 1990년의 60.2억 위안에서 2006년에는 2,365억 위안으로 급증해, 16년간 연평균 18.4%의 실질성장을 기록하였다. 또 2006년 말까지 외국인 직접투자 계약건수는 1만 4,910개, 계약금액은 357.1억 달러에 이르렀다. 타 성·시에서 투자한 국내기업도 9,300여 사이고, 등록자본은 600억 위안에 이르렀다. 그 결과 전형적인 농촌지역이었던 포동은 이제 외향형, 다기능의 현대화된 신도시로 바뀌었다. 이제 포동은 중국 전역에서 가장 경제발전 수준이 높고, 주변에 대한 파급력이 강하며, 가장 개방적이고 국제화된 지역의 하나가 되었다. 포동의 개발·개방을 계기로 1990년대 이후 장강삼각주 경제권은 전체 중국경제의 새로운 중심으로 부상하게 되었다. 몇 가지 문제점이 없는 것은 아니지만, 전체적으로 볼 때 지난 15~16년간 포동의 개발·개방은 매우 성공적이었다고 평가할 수 있다.

Consumers keep demanding for diversified high quality products, valuable services and safety. With this in mind, Distribution Industry is being updated rapidly to accomodate this demand. Meanwhile, Distribution Information Technology of agricultural products has been in slow progress with little in-depth studies. In this study, it has been analyzed the usage of Bar code which is the key element for agricultural Distribution Information Technology. The analysis was conducted through a survey utilizing questionnaire covering 5 Hypermarkets(Super-centers) including big 3 companies. Also, Japanese market trends have been studied to visit a Japan Government Organization concerned, GS1 Japan, an Agricultural Cooperative, an Agricultural Wholesale Market, and a Retail Company. If we could use KAN code for all agricultural products, we could collect and analyze the information of price and trade quantity of them. It opens a new era to understand the agricultural products supply and demand easily. This will certainly make a great contribution to the evolution of agricultural products distribution. From this research, it is suggested that collective efforts by suppliers, wholesalers, retailers and Government Officers are needed to make large scale mutual marketing Organizations, which specialize in sending out agricultural products. The Organization is recommended to standardize and pack every final agricultural products, to promote the use of KAN code.

β-catenin is a cytoplasmic protein that participates in the assembly of cell-cell adherens junctions by binding cadherins to the cytoskeleton. In addition, it is a key component of the Wnt signaling pathway. Activation of this pathway triggers the accumulation of β-catenin in the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of target genes. Abnarmal accumulation of β -catenin is characteristic of polyposis coli(APC) or Axin tumor suppressor proteins, which regulates β-catenin degradation, or activating mutations in β-catenin molecule itself. Here we show that overexpression of Sox4 down-regulates wild type β-catenin in HEK 293 cells. The inhibitory effect of Sox4 on wild type β-catenin is apparently mediated by the ubiquitin- proteasoem system and requires an active glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β). Mutations in the N-terminus of β -catenin(S33Y) which compromise its degradation by the proteasomes or inhibition of GSK3β activity rendered β-catenin resistant to down-regulation by Sox4. In light of recent evidence that Sox4 expression is activated in colon and other tumors with β-catenin dysregulation, our findings suggest that Sox4 is part of a feedback inhibitory pathway for Wnt signaling in normal cells. Moreover, the mutations in APC, Axin or β-catenin in cancer cells appear to render β-catenin resistant to the effects of Sox4 inhibition.

백침계 오이는 측지착과형으로 주지착과형인 국내용 오이와 차이가 있어 백침계 오이의 수량을 증가시키기 위해서는 측지발생을 높여야 가능하다. 그러나 백질계 오이의 재배시기는 대부분 동절기로 저온 및 일조부족 등의 불량한 환경조건 때문에 측지발생이 떨어진다. 본 연구는 생장조정제를 이용하여 백침계 오이의 측지발생을 촉진하기 위하여 BA의 농도 및 살포시기를 구명하고자 하였다 BA 30mg·L-1을 살포한 것은 농도 장해증상이 억제작형에서는 나타났으나, 반촉성작형에서는 경미하게 나타났다. 측지발생은 BA 10mg·L-1 살포하는 것이 BA 30mg·L-1 살포하는 것 보다 많았고, 처리시기는 본엽 10매, 15매 전개되었을 메 살포한 것이 본엽 5매 전개되었을 때 살포한 것보다 많았다.

우리의 식생활 및 주거 환경이 향상됨에 따라 과거에 비해 학생들의 체격이 커지고 체형 또한 점차 서구화 되가는 경향을 보이고 있으나 아직까지도 초·중·고등학교에서는 학생 자신의 체격에 적합하게 조절하여 사용할 수 없는 고정형 의자를 사용하고 있다. 이에 따라 학생들의 신체발육에 지장을 초래 할 수 있으며 특히 요통과 같은 허리에 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 학생 자신의 체격에 맞게 높낮이를 자유롭게 조절하여