미덕이 인류의 보편적 가치이고 추구해야 할 가치로써 미래사회에서 요구하는 인재가 갖추어야 할 덕목이기에 미덕에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 계획하고 진행하였다. 북부 버츄프로젝트연구회에서 개발한 미덕 통장을 매일 아침 발표하면서 미덕 언어로 하루를 시작하고, 버츄(미덕)를 바탕으로 한 5가지 전략을 학교생활 전반에 적용하였다. 버츄프로젝트의 전략을 바탕으로 진행하였던 활동은 학생들이 스스로가 보석임을 깨닫고 자신에 대한 사랑과 존중의 마음을 찾게 해 주었다. ‘나’보다는 ‘우리’가 큰 힘을 발휘할 수 있다는 경험을 체득하도록 교육과정을 분석하여 협동학습 모델을 구안하여 적용하였다. 인성교육과 함께 미래의 모습에 대한 희망을 키움으로써 사춘기에 접어들기 시작한 12살 학생들이 자기주도적으로 성공한 미래의 모습을 꿈꾸며 희망을 가질 수 있도록 긍정적 자존감을 불어 넣어 준 연구였다.

물(water, TW), 에탄올(ethanol, TE) 및 핵산(n-hexane, TH)을 이용하여 탱자씨 추출물(trifoliate orange seed extracts, TSEs)을 각각 제조한 후 그람양성 식중독균 6종(Bacillus cereus KCCM 11341, Bacillus subtilis KCTC 1022, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 12692, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 19111, Streptococcus mutans KCTC 3065 및 Yersinia enterocolitica KCCM 41657)에 대한 항균활성과 Lactobacillus acidophilus IFO 3025에 대한 프레바이오틱 효과(prebiotic effect)를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 탱자씨 핵산추출물(TH)은 S. aureus ATCC 19111에 대해 배양시간이 증가함에 따라 대조군에 비해 강한 증식저해활성을 보였으며, 탱자씨 에탄올 추출물(TE)은 약간의 증식저해활성을 보였다. 특히, 배양 81시간 후 대조군은 90.31%의 증식활성을 보인 것에 반해 탱자씨 핵산추출물과 에탄올추출물은 64.95%와 75.50%의 증식활성을 각각 보였다. 탱자씨 추출물의 Lb. acidophilus IFO 3025에 대한 프레바이오틱 효과는 대조군에 비해 증식활성을 보이지는 않았으나, 적어도 생육저해효과를 보이지는 않았다. 따라서 탱자씨의 핵산 및 에탄올 추출물은 S. aureus ATCC 19111에 대한 항균활성물질로서의 가능성을 제시하였다

본 연구는 시각작업기억에 저장이 요구되는 얼굴 자극이 보유한 긍정적, 부정적 그리고 중립적 정서가 기억 정확성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 참가자들은 유쾌, 불쾌 및 무표정의 세 가지 표정 유형 중 하나가 무선적으로 부여된 얼굴들의 표정을 기억한 후 잠시 후 제시된 검사 얼굴들에 대한 대조를 통해 기억항목과 검사항목 간 얼굴 표정의 변화 유무를 보고하였다. 얼굴 표정의 변화에 대한 탐지정확도를 측정한 결과 기억항목의 노출시간이 500ms이었을 경우, 긍정적 표정을 보유한 기억항목에 대한 변화탐지는 부정 및 중립 표정에 비해 상대적으로 정확했다. 반면에 노출시간이 1000ms로 연장되자 이러한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 긍정적 정서가 시각작업기억의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 의미하며, 특히 긍정적 정서에 의한 기억 촉진 효과는 기억 표상 형성에 있어서 요구되는 시간이 상대적으로 촉박한 경우에 나타남을 의미한다. 따라서 본 연구는 작업기억과 정서간의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 비교적 단순한 과제인 변화탐지과제를 사용하여 긍정적 정서가 시각작업기억 표상 형성의 효율성을 향상시킨다는 것을 발견했다는 점에서 중요한 시사점을 제공한다.

Pig parthenotes were able to develop in vivo for 30 days with normal morphology. In pig, during blastocyst elongation between day 10 and 12 of gestation, estrogen production and secretion by conceptus increases, serving not only as the signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy, but also as a stimulus for the production of proteins and growth factors within the uterine environment that initiate implantation. Cloning efficiency is still very low regardless of species. To increase the productive efficiency of (transgenic, TG) clones, an advanced somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method may need. Here we report the productions of transgenic cloned pigs using cloned embryos and parthenotes simultaneously. Fibroblasts were isolated from an ear skin of a 10‐day‐old NIH miniature pig. The ear fibroblast cells were transfected with the alpha1,3‐ Galactosyltransferase knock‐out/human CD46 knock‐in (GalT KO/hCD46 KI). For SCNT, the TG somatic cells were used as donor cells. Immediately after fusion confirmation, the TG cloned embryos and parthenotes were transferred into both oviducts of surrogates. The mean number of TG cloned embryos and parthenotes was 137 (±15.2) and 123(±27.1), respectively. The pregnancy and delivery rate was (55.6%, 10/ 18) (44.4%, 8/18), respectively. Totally 19 GalT KO/hCD46 KI cloned piglets were delivered. Among them, 11 piglets were survived and 8 piglets were born stillbirth. The healthy 5 piglets are still survived.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were pre-oxidized in a temperature range of 180-275℃. The effects of positive and negative stretching on the structure and morphology of PAN fiber in the pre-oxidation process were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. Mechanical property changes were also investigated. No changes in the movement and intensity of functional groups of PAN fibers were caused by positive stretching of up to 10% and negative stretching down to -8%. The crystal structure can be affected by the positive stretching and negative stretching. The maximum strength is 479.81 MPa when the stretching is positive, and the maximum strength is 420.55 MPa when the stretching is negative.

The functional cardiovascular system is comprised of distinct mesoderm-derived lineages including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and other mesenchymal cells. Recent studies in the human embryonic stem cell differentiation model have provided evidence indicating that these cell lineages are developed from the common progenitors such as hemangioblasts and cardiovascular progenitor cells. Also, the studies have suggested that these progenitors have a common primordial progenitor, which expresses KDR (human Flk-1, also known as VEGFR2, CD309). We demonstrate here that sustained activation of BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) in hESC line, CHA15 hESC results in KDR+ mesoderm specific differentiation. To determine whether the KDR+ population derived from hESCs enhances potential to differentiate along multipotential mesodermal lineages than undifferentiated hESCs, we analyzed the development of the mesodermal cell types in human embryonic stem cell differentiation cultures. In embryoid body (EB) differentiation culture conditions, we identified an increased expression of KDR+ population from BMP4-stimulated hESC-derived EBs. After induction with additional growth factors, the KDR+ population sorted from hESCs-derived EBs displays mesenchymal, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle potential in matrix-coated monolayer culture systems. The populations plated in monolayer cultures expressed increased levels of related markers and exhibit a stable/homologous phenotype in culture terms. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the KDR+ population is stably isolated from CHA15 hESC-derived EBs using BMP4 and growth factors, and sorted KDR+ population can be utilized to generate multipotential mesodermal progenitors in vitro, which can be further differentiated into cardiovascular specific cells.

신호교차로 구간의 위험원인에 대해서 사전에 사고예방을 강구한다면 사고건수를 줄이는데 도움이 될 것이다. 특히, 신호교차로에서 기하구조 개선과 같이 많은 예산을 투자하지 않더라도 사고감소효과를 낼 수 있다. PG(Positive Guidance) 기법은 신호교차로에서 도로안전시설물의 개선을 통하여 교통사고를 예방할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 과속으로 인해서 사고위험성이 높은 신호교차로 1곳을 선정하여 대상지점의 문제점 분석 및 개선방안을 도출하였다. 선정된 구간은 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 대상구간의 현황을 그대로 재현하여 실험하였다. 이를 토대로 PG개선 전 후의 지점별 속도효과가 있는지를 검증하기 위해서 t 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 개선 후에는 운전자가 정보를 충분히 제공받아서 신호교차로 부근에서 속도를 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 본 연구를 토대로, PG기법을 활용할 수 있는 일부 신호교차로에 대해서 많은 비용을 투자하지 않더라도 저비용으로 교통사고 감소 효과를 거둘 수 있다.

The influences of Na and K content on the crystal phase, the microstructure and the electrical property of BaTiO3-based thermistors was found to show typical PTC effects. The crystal phase of powder calcined at 1000˚C for 4hrs showed a single phase with BaTiO3, and the crystal structure was transformed from tetragonal to cubic phase according to added amounts of Na and K. In XRD results at 43˚~47˚, the (Ba0.858Na0.071K0.071)(Ti0.9985Nb0.0015)O3-δ showed (002) and (200) peaks but the (Ba0.762Na0.119K0.119)(Ti0.9975Nb0.0025)O3-δ showed (002), (020) and (200) peaks. In sintered bodies, those calcined at 600˚C rather than at 1000˚C were dense, and for certain amounts of Na and K showed rapid decreases in grain size. In relative permittivity, the curie temperature due to the transformation of ferroelectric phase rose with added Na and K but decreased in terms of relative permittivity. In the result of the R-T curve, the sintered bodies have curie temperatures of about 140˚C and the resistivity of sintered bodies have scores of Ω·cm; the jump order of sintered bodies was shown to be more than 104 in powder calcined at 1000˚C.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic materials helpful for Taekwondo education for elementary school students by exploring influences of Taekwondo practice for elementary school students on emotional development. The subjects were 384 students in

The microstructure and positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) characteristics of 0.1mol%Na2Ti6O13doped 0.94BaTiO3-0.06(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BBNT-NT001) ceramics sintered at various temperatures from 1200oC to 1350oC wereinvestigated in order to develop eco-friendly PTCR thermistors with a high Curie temperature (TC). Resulting thermistors showeda perovskite structure with a tetragonal symmetry. When sintered at 1200oC, the specimen had a uniform microstructure withsmall grains. However, abnormally grown grains started to appear at 1250oC and a homogeneous microstructure with large grainswas exhibited when the sintering temperature reached 1325oC. When the temperature exceeded 1325oC, the grain growth wasinhibited due to the numerous nucleation sites generated at the extremely high temperature. It is considered that Na2Ti6O13 isresponsible for the grain growth of the 0.94BaTiO3-0.06(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics by forming a liquid phase during the sinteringat around 1300oC. The grain growth of the BBNT-NT001 ceramics was significantly correlated with a decrease of resistivity.All the specimens were observed to have PTCR characteristics except for the sample sintered at 1200oC. The BBNT-NT001ceramics had significantly decreased ñrt and increased resistivity jump with increasing sintering temperature at from 1200oC to1325oC. Especially, the BBNT-NT001 ceramics sintered at 1325oC exhibited superior PTCR characteristics of low resistivityat room temperature (122Ω·cm), high resistivity jump (1.28×104), high resistivity temperature factor (20.4%/oC), and a highTc of 157.9oC.

The larval parasitoid, Bracon hebetor, attacks third or older larvae of indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella), which results in laying eggs or simply paralyzing the larvae. We studied the influence of the parasitoid’s attack on the larval development of indianmeal moth. The third larval instars of the same age were collected from the experimental colonies and each larva introduced in an acrylic cube (2 x 2 x 2 cm) treated with: 1) empty, 2) three rice grains, 3) three rice grains and a female parasitoid without ovipositor (by removing) and 4) three rice grains and a paralyzed larva. The larval activity in the experimental cube was photographed every five minutes until the larva died or pupated. Only the larvae in the cube with paralyzed larvae could pupate and emerge. The other larvae in the three treatments died before pupating, although the survival time was significantly different in relation to the treatment (F=5.27; df=2,14; P=0.019); the larvae in the empty cube had a shorter survival time than those in the rest of treatments. The results indicated that the paralyzed larvae could be fed by the health larvae and contribute to prevent population crush in the situation of food shortage with the presence of the parasitoids. The host parasitoid interaction between indianmeal moth and Bracon hebetor might not always be negative to the indianmeal moth population.

The influence of red lead(Pb3O4) to curing and formation reaction properties when it was added in positive material of lead acid battery for vehicle use has been investigated. At the results, it was confirmed that the addition of red lead led 4BS crystal size to be smaller and increased the rates of 4BS formation and Pb consumption. Consequently the curing time was shortened to half compared with that of red lead-free one. In addition to this, the lead acid battery prepared by adding red lead showed 14% higher efficiency at the life cycle test than that without red lead.

본 연구는 효과적인 감성교육의 방향을 모색하기 위하여, 학습자의 긍정적 감성과 학습 및 동기의 관계에 대한 연구의 흐름을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 긍정적 감성의 정의를 살펴보고, 긍정적 감성이 인간의 인지적 영역, 창의성, 사회성, 삶의 만족도 등의 심리적 자원에 미치는 긍정적 효과, 긍정적 감성과 동기의 정적 관계에 대한 선행연구들, 긍정적 감성과 학습에 대한 연구들을 살펴보았다. 특히 본 연구는 교육에서의 긍정적 감성의 역할을 보다 과학적으로 탐구하기 위하여, 최신 뇌기반 학습과학(brain-based learning) 연구결과들을 살펴보았다. 즉 교육학, 심리학, 인지과학, 뇌과학 분야 등의 다양한 연구결과들을 고찰하여 교육에서의 긍정적 감성의 역할을 확인하였다. 또한 본 연구는 긍정적 감성이 실제적으로 긍정적 감성을 향상시키기 위한 구체적 교육 프로그램을 살펴보기 위하여, 자율성 지지적 환경에 대한 연구도 예시적으로 고찰하였다. 향후 긍정적 감성과 동기 및 학습의 유기적 상호작용을 극대화 하는 효과적인 감성교육의 방법론으로서 뇌기반 학습과학의 가능성과 한계점에 대하여 논의하였으며, 학교현장에서의 활용 방안 등에 대해서도 살펴보았다.

This research is a study on the influence of teacher's degree on physical education that have on the positive and negative emotion of his/her students, in order to provide information that would be a reference guide for the operation of elementary level p

This study investigates the paste mixing of positive active materials which, affect the life cycle of batteries in Pb-Ca-Sn grids, and generation of 4BS in a curing process and considers the effects of these things on the initial charge characteristics and life cycle. In the results of the experiments applied in this study, it was possible to reduce the curing time in which the fine 4BS was formed by the mixing of the positive active materials of lead acid battery applied at high temperature compared to that of the existing coarse 4BS and that represented some improvements in the life cycle performance.

In this study, positive plates of lead acid battery of Pb-Ca alloy and Pb-Ca-Sn alloy were fabricated and the mechanical characteristics of positive plates were measured. This study observed how the changes of content of Ca & Sn affect interface corrosion which is located in between grid & active materials and lead acid batteries as well. The mechanical characteristics of grid alloy is better when Ca is 0.05 wt.% then 0.1 wt.%. This study said that the corrosion rate between the active material based on the charge/discharge cycle of lead acid battery and grid interface is much faster than a grid which contains Sn. And furthermore, according to the study the rate 30 of Sn/Ca which is added to grid shows the best performance.