삼채뿌리와 잎이 가진 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용도를 높이고자 다양한 생리활성을 평가하였다. 삼채뿌리의 조사포 닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 4.28 mg/g, 18.27 mg/g, 0.95 mg/g, 삼채잎의 조사포닌, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량 은 각각 4.17mg/g, 35.91 mg/g, 2.79 mg/g으로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 70% 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH 라디 칼 소거능 IC50으로 23.01 mg/mL, 4.82 mg/mL로 나타났으며, hydroxyl radical 소거능 IC50 값이 각각 40.82 mg/mL, 27.24 mg/mL를 나타났다. α-Amylase 저해 활성은 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위 에탄올 추출물 10 mg/mL를 처리했을 때 억제활성이 각 각 61.38%, 61.01%로 나타났다. 삼채뿌리 및 잎 부위의 아질 산염 소거능을 측정한 결과, 삼채추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 활성 역시 증가하는 경향으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 로 삼채뿌리보다는 삼채잎 부위에 항산화 및 항당뇨 활성이 나타났으며, 삼채잎을 활용한 식품 소재로써 개발할 가치가 매우 높은 것으로 판단된다.

The pine wilt disease that blocks the path for water and nutrition in pine trees is caused by the nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). The nematode relies on the longhorn pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as vectors. Recently, 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol was identified as a male-produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus species. In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-(undecyloxy) ethanol along with host plant volatiles -pinene and ethanol on attracting M. alternatus at a pine forest in Pohang, Korea from May, 2014 to July, 2014. To sustain the volatility of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol and host plant volatiles, a superabsorbent polymer based on polyacrylic acids and water were added to the pheromone mixture. A total of 46 M. alternatus were collected from two field bioassays. Our results indicate that 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol is effective in attracting M. alternatus in Korea. Our study suggests that the aggregation pheromone could be used for detection and population monitoring of the beetles as well as for the effective mass trapping in outbreak situations.

Sucrose and alcohol are rewarding and appetitive. They are occasionally over-consumed and cause addiction. The parabrachial nuclei (PbN) are the second taste relay in the central taste pathway. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is an important neural substrate in the reward system. Intake of sucrose or alcohol induces dopamine release in the NAcc. Although alcohol is not classified as a taste stimulus, a substantial number of sucrose-responsive neurons in the PbN respond to stimulation by alcohol on the tongue. In the present study, we investigated whether or not application of 0.5 M sucrose, 10% ethanol (EtOH), mixture of sucrose and EtOH, and double-distilled water (DDW) to the tongue induces c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (cFLI) in the PbN and NAcc. We also examined whether or not the number of cFLI following sucrose/EtOH is comparable to the number of cFLIs following sucrose and EtOH, respectively. Male Sprague-Dwaley rat was anesthetized with a mixture of Zoletil and Rompun while stimulation solution was applied to the anterior tongue. The rat was sacrificed by perfusion, and the fixed brain was sectioned and immunostained. Data from a total of 18 animals were analyzed. The number of cFLI following stimulation with sucrose and/or EtOH was greater than that of DDW in the PbN. Numbers of cFLI following sucrose, EtOH, and sucrose/EtOH were not significantly different from each other in the PbN. The number of cFLI in response to stimulation solution was not different from that of DDW in the NAcc. The result of the present study suggests that not only sucrose but also EtOH activates some neurons in the PbN, and that some pontine neurons possibly respond to both sucrose and EtOH.

To investigate the antioxidative potential of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) leaves, alcoholic extracts with different ethanol concentration were prepared. The extract obtained by using 70% ethanol possessed the highest total phenolic content. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract were 15.46% and 105.0 μg chlorogenic acid equivalent (CAE)/mg, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated as 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and nitrite scavenging ability. EC 50 value for radical scavenging and nitrite scavenging activities, which is the effective concentration at which 50% of DPPH radicals and nitrites are scavenged, were 34.72 μg/mL and 52.99 μg/mL, respectively. EC 50 value for reducing power, which is the effective concentration at which the absorbance is 0.5, is 44.39 μg/mL. All antioxidant activities increased as extract concentration increased. These results imply that the ethanolic extract of ramie leaves has the potential to be utilized as an effective antioxidant source.

Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of foodborne, inflammatory, as well as congenital abnormalities. There is an urgent need for safe and effective therapies to eliminate or treat this cosmopolitan infectious disease. A medicinal herbal plant, Meliae fructus, has been used to soothe the liver and kills worms in Chinese medicine. In this study, Meliae fructus ethanol extract was examined and screened for its anti-T. gondii activity. For anti-T. gondii activity screening, in vitro study of Meliae fructus extract using tachyzoit of T. gondii RH strain-infected HeLa cells was performed. Further, in vivo anti-T. gondii study using a mouse infection model was conducted. Safety of herbal compounds was evaluated in SD rats by treatment with Meliae fructus extract for 28 days. As a result, selectivity of Meliae fructus ethanol extract was 5.85, which was higher than sulfadiazine selectivity (2.06). We also performed an in vivo study to evaluate the anti-T. gondii activity of Meliae fructus extract in a mouse model. The inhibition rate of Meliae fructus extract was as high as that of sulfadiazine. These results demonstrate that Meliae fructus can successfully cure T. gondii infection and could be a promising native herb treatment for prevention of T. gondii infection.

In the present study, the effects of extracts from Korean plants on the DNA damage response in HaCaT cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) were investigated. The activity of cells treated for 24 hr with ethanol extracts from Vaccinium spp. (VS), and Vitis vinifera L (VV) alone was similar to that of the non-treated control, but gradually decreased at concentrations above 200μg/mL. However, when post-incubation of UVB-exposed cells was carried out for 24 hr in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with that in the normal growth medium. The cell viability of UVB-exposed cells also increased when post-incubated in medium containing VS or VV extracts, in a concentration-dependent manner. Nuclear fragmentation analysis showed that post-incubation with VS or VV extracts decreased the UVB-induced apoptosis by about 10 and 13%, respectively, of that in cells post-incubated in growth medium. After 24 hr of post-incubation in medium containing VS or VV extracts, the level of CPD and 8-OHdG decreased in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Overall these results suggest that VS and VV extracts assist the survival of UVB-exposed cells, in accordance with the respective decrease in the levels of UVB-induced DNA damage.

This study was carried out to analyze the differences in p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (HBA) content, antitumor and anti-obesity activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activity between non-fermented G. elata (NFGP) and fermented G. elata powder. The HBA content, which is an index-component of G. elata decreased from 1.58 mg/g before fermentation to 1.07, 0.32, and 0.13 mg/g after the 1st fermentation (1st FGP), 2nd fermentation (2nd FGP) and 3rd fermentation (3rd FGP), respectively. The anti-proliferation effects on the cell lines HT29 and AGS were significantly higher for the fermented G. elata than the NFGP. The antitumor activity was also increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. During adipocyte differentiation, the ethanol extract of the 3rd FGP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells significantly better than NFGP and the 1st FGP, treated at the concentration of 10μg/mL. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the 2nd FGP at 600μg/mL over was higher than that of kojic acid. At the concentration of 1,000μg/mL, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. From these results, the fermented G. elata, especially the 3rd FGP, is expected to be good candidate for the development of functional food and agents with antitumor, anti-obesity, and tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

어리쌀바구미 성충 20마리를 밀 20g과 함께 50㎖용량의 유리병에 넣 고 유리병 뚜껑에 지름 7mm의 필터페이퍼를 붙여 ethanol 및 acetone을 용기당 2 ㎕, 4㎕, 6㎕, 10㎕씩 적신 다음 뚜껑을 닫고 경과 시간별로 생존하는 비율을 관찰한 결과, ethanol보다 acetone이 전체적으로 살충효과가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 100% 치사효과를 나타내는 처리는 ethanol에서 10㎕ 3일간 처리구이었고, acetone에서는 4㎕ 1일간 처리구이었다. 멀구슬나무 등 24종의 살충효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 식물의 추출물을 이용하여 살충효과를 비교한 결과 고추 추출물에 서만 살충효과를 보였다. 식물추출물 20mg을 ethanol 또는 물 80㎕에 녹여 4㎕, 12 ㎕, 20㎕을 취하여 50㎖ 용량의 유리병 뚜껑에 부착한 필터페이퍼에 적신 후 용매 를 증발시키고 vapor toxicity 조사하였다.

본 연구는 오배자 에탄올 추출물 (GRE), 염소산나트륨 (SC) 그리고 오배자 에탄올 추출물과 염소산나트륨 합제(GS)의 B. abortus에 대한 항균효과를 확인하기 위해 수행 되었다. GRE, SC 그리고 GS를 B. abortus에 처리하여 배양한 후, B. abortus의 생존수를 확인하였으며, 마우스 탐식세포 내 감염된 B. abortus의 증식 억제효과를 경시별 (2, 24, 48시간)로 조사하였다. GRE, SC 그리고 GS는 각각 400 μg/mL 이하, 15 mM 그리고 0.6GS (GS 1, GRE 1,000 μg/mL + SC 30 mM) 이하의 농도에서 세포독성을 나타나지 않았다. 모든 처리구에서 B. abortus의 생존율은 용량- 의존적으로 현저하게 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 또한, GRE (400 μg/mL), SC (15 mM) 그리고 0.5GS (GRE 500 μg/mL + SC 15 mM)를 처리한 세포에서 배양 48시간 후에, B. abortus의 증식이 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며 (GRE, p < 0.01; SC and 0.5GS, p < 0.001), 특히, GS를 처리한 경우, B. abortus의 세포내 증식이 GRE와 SC의 상승작용에 의한 강력한 항균효과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로, GS는 B. abortus에 대한 항균물질로서 유용할 뿐만 아니라, 식육과 우유 위생 분야에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of Nelumbo nucifera(N.N) Root in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) and Total cholesterol were significantly decreaed in N.n treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in N.N treated group. Also the activity of glucokinase(Gk) was significantly increaed in N.N treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in N.N treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in N.N treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH) was significanly increased in N.N treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly decreaed in N.N treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of N.N would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats

The ethanol extraction yield of Meliae toosendan fructus(MT) was about 24.5% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the carbohydrate metabolism related enzyme activities and antioxidative effects of MT in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreaed in MT treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of Total cholesterol was decreased. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was increased in MT treated group. The activity of glucose-6-pase(G-6-Pase) was significantly decreased in MT treated group. Also the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) and glucokinase(Gk) were increaed in MT treated group. The content of hepatic glycogen was significantly increaed in MT treated group, in addition, content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significanly decreased in MT treated group. Also, content of glutathione(GSH)was dereased in MT treated froup. whereas, activity of catalase(CAT) was significantly increaed in MT treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) was inecreaed. In conclusion, these results indicated that ethanol extract of MT would have carbohydrate metabolism antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

This study investigated the antibacterial effects of GR ethanol extracts (GRE), sodium chlorate (SC) and a combination of GRE and SC (GS) on Brucella abortus (B. abortus). The antibacterial activities of GRE, SC and GS towards B. abortus were evaluated by incubating B. abortus with GRE, SC and GS. Following treatment with GRE, SC and GS, B. abortus survival and intracellular proliferation in macrophages were monitored. In the cellular cytotoxicity assay, GRE, SC and GS are not cytotoxic at concentrations less than 400 μg/ml, 15 mM and 0.6GS (1 of GS, GRE 1,000 μg/ml + SC 30 mM), respectively. The viability of B. abortus was markedly decreased in a dosedependent manner in all treatment groups. In addition, B. abortus intracellular proliferation within macrophages was significantly reduced in cells treated with GRE (400 μg/mL), SC (15 mM) and 0.5GS (GRE 500 μg/mL + SC 15 mM) after 48 hr-incubation (GRE, p < 0.01; SC and 0.5GS, p < 0.001). Especially, in the treatment of GS, the synergistic effect of GRE and SC treatment on B. abortus in macrophage was observed. In conclusion, GS is useful as an antibacterial candidate against B. abortus, and can be applied in the field of meat and milk hygiene.

천연에서 유래한 항산화 및 항용혈 소재개발을 위해 복분자 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 효능평가를 실시하였다. 복분자를 에탄올 추출한 후, 획득한 추출물을 섬유아세포주인 HS68에 처리하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 항산화 효능을 평가하였다. 또한 Sprague Dawley 렛트 적혈구 세포에 과산화수소로 산화를 유도한 후 추출물의 항용혈 효능을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 SOD 유사 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 렛트 적혈구를 이용한 항용혈 평가에서는 과산화수소를 단독으로 처리한 양성대조군보다 추출물을 처리한 군에서 항용혈율이 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 이들 결과는 복분자 추출물이 항산화효능과 항용혈 약용 식물 소재로서의 가능성을 내는 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 거동이 불편한 환자와 바쁜 현대인들을 위하여 헹굼이 필요없는 에탄올베이스 드라이샴푸를 제조했다. 물로 헹구지 않는 드라이샴푸에는 저자극 세정원료의 적용이 필요하다. 이 실험에서 세정원료는 저자극 세정원료를 첨가하고 세정원료의 세포독성실험과 드라이샴푸의 피부자극, 항균효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 펜틸렌글리콜을 적용하여 제조한 에탄올베이스 드라이샴푸가 항균력을 갖고 피부에 가장 안전함을 확인 하였다. 또한 미용목적뿐만 아니라 위생적인 모발관리를 가능하게 하여 젖은 샴푸를 할 수 없는 상황에서도 청결과 위생, 안전성을 동시에 만족할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

바이오에탄올의 경제적 영향을 분석하기 위하여 시계열 자료를 이용하여 수요함수를 분석한 결과, 통계적으로 의미 있는 모형을 얻을 수 있었다. 추정된 수요 모형에 있어서 바이오에탄올의 수요 탄성치는 탄력적인 것으로 나타났으며, 가솔린과 불완전대체관계를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 추정된 모형을 바탕으로 수요함수를 재구성하여 가격 변화 시나리오에 따른 물량의 변화를 분석한 결과, 바이오에탄올의 가격이 탄력적인 상황에서 가격을 증가시켰을 때, 상대적으로 큰 폭으로 수요량이 감소하였으나 대체재 가격의 증가로 인해 바이오에탄올의 수요량이 감소하는 것을 상쇄시켜 반대로 바이오에탄올의 수요량이 증가하였다.

This experiment was conducted to verify the effect of spraying ethanol extracts (green tea and wormwood) on pH, TBARS, VBN, and total microbes of chicken meat during storage. The ethanol extracts of green tea and wormwood were sprayed on the chicken carcasses (0.2 and 0.2 g extract/㎏meat, respectively). Treated sample showed higher lightness (L* values) and yellowness (b* values) and lower redness (a* values) than those of control. The TBARS values were significantly lower for the treatments than the control on storage day 4, especially, the treatment of the wormwood extracts had lowest TBARS value. The VBN values were relatively lower values for the treatments than the control on storage day 4, especially, the treatment of the wormwood extracts had lowest VBN value on storage day 6. Wormwood samples showed lower total aerobic and E. coli counts than the others on day 6. Therefore, the spray with natural wormwood extracts could be useful to extend the shelf-life by preventing lipid oxidation and reducing the microbial growth during storage of chicken meat.

Recently, there had been reports on ethanol fermentation from mono-saccharide and disaccharide by mushroom mycelia. This experiment was conducted to study ethanol production from xylose by mycelila of mushrooms isolated from Korea. The cultures used in this study were obtained from Culture Collection and DNA Bank of Mushrooms in the Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University. The results showed that Neolentinus lepideus, Trametes hirsuta and Cerrena unicolor produced ethanol from xylose contained media. The ethanol concentration produced in the xylose contained media ranged from 2.5∼3.8%. The highest ethanol concentration(3.8%) was obtained from fermentation of xylose by Neolentinus lepideus mycelia. All of the mushroom mycelia used in this study showed a good ability of ethanol fermentation from glucose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose and maltose.

Recently, there had been many reports on ethanol fermentation by mushrooms. This study was initiated to screening of ethanol fermentation by mushroom mycelilal cultures preserved in Culture Collection and DNA Bank of Mushrooms in the Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University. The experimental results showed that ethanol concentration produced by Cerrena unicolor, Trametes pubescens and Daedalea dickinsii, Microporus vernicipes and Perenniporia fraxinea in the glucose medium ranged from 2.3∼4.7%. The highest ethanol concentration was obtained from fermentation of glucose by Cerrena unicolor (4.7%). Some of the mushrooms used in this study have a good ability to efficiently ferment arabinose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose, maltose and sucrose . The highest ethanol concentration was obtained under semi-aerobic condition compared with aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The media used for ethanol fermentation by T. pubescens and P. fraxinea. contained small amounts of β -D-glucan, which is known to have anti-tumor activity.

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)ㆍpoly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) 중공사막에 친수성 고분자인 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)과 가교제인 poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)을 코팅하여 복합막을 제조하였다. 제조된 막의 투과특성평가를 위해 90 wt% 물- 에탄올 혼합액에 대한 투과증발실험을 수행하였으며, 반응온도, PAA용액의 농도, 공급액의 온도변화에 따른 투과도 및 선택도를 측정하였다. 일반적으로 반응온도, PAA용액의 농도가 증가할수록 투과도는 낮아지고 선택도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 공급액의 온도가 증가할수록 투과도는 증가하고 선택도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 대표적으로 PVDF중공사 막은 투과도는 PAA 3 wt%, 반응온도 60°C, 공급액 온도 70°C에서 502 g/m 2 hr, 선택도는 PAA 11 wt%, 반응온도 100°C, 공급액 온도 50°C일 때, 218의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

This study was performed to investigate the antidiabetic study effect in ethanol extract of Ailanthicortex(A.C) radici in Streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45㎎/㎏ dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of A.C radici was orally administrated once a day for 7 days at a dose of 500㎎/㎏. The content of serum glucose, triglyceride(T.G), total cholesterol were significantly decreased in treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activity of glucokinase(GK) were significantly increased in treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. but activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH) was significantly increased. These results indicated that ethanol extract of A.C would have antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.