Domestic industrial waste small-scale industrial incinerators produce less than 200 kg/hr; this study chose 13 of the 249 potential facilities. The target average emissions for air pollutants resulting from the facilities were SOx 13.56 ppm, NOx 82.74 ppm, NH3 19.95 ppm, HCl 54.33 ppm, HF 0.84 ppm, Hg N.D, As 0.1 ppm, H2S N.D. Dust and heavy metal analysis results for the facilities revealed Dust 32.51 mg/Sm3, Cd 0.04 mg/Sm3, Pb 0.20 mg/Sm3, Cr 0.08 mg/Sm3, and Cu 0.03 mg/Sm3. Combustion indicators were O2 11.58% and CO 271.20 ppm. Average PCDDs/DFs were 17.87 ng ITEQ/ ton. The target facilities were equipped with anti-pollution facilities. However, some items were found to exceed the emission standards. These results are even equipped with control facilities due to manual limitation actions of the management personnel. Therefore, it is determined that the emission control of contaminants is difficult.

Background : Ginseng is becoming depleted of virgin cultivation area due to the problem of replant failure. Ginseng farmers have become more burdensome in operating expense because they are more likely to go out to other cities in search of virgin cultivation area. In addition, the quality and yield of ginseng cultivated in one place for many years depend on the rapidly changing climate every year. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for continuous production of ginseng in a facility by solving the problems of replant failure and investigating basic soil composition and growth characteristics of ginseng for 2 - 6 years. Methods and Results : This study was carried out in a 90 ㎝ wide, 50cm deep and 22 m long bed made of sandwich panels in a 90% shaded facility for ginseng cultivation. In the lower part of the bed, a 100 ㎜ pipe for drainage and steam sterilization was installed, and the pearlite was filled at a height of 100 ㎜ as a drainage material. The soil for ginseng cultivation was put into the bed. Soil composition was tested in five combinations including virgin soil, yokto, peat moss, pearlite, and vermiculite with different composition ratios including control. The native seedlings were transplanted and grown from 2 years to 6 years. In the growth characteristics and yield of ginseng, the best treatments were virgin soil 55%, yokto 10%, Peatmoss 25%, Perlite 5% and 5% vermiculite. Also, the bulk density was reduced by 30% compared to the control. Soil pH and EC tended to increase slightly during all treatments. In the ginsenoside analysis, there were no unusual results for the soil composition and they were almost similar. Conclusion : As a method to continuously grow ginseng in the facility, we tried to grow ginseng by filling the soil in the bed. Soil composition should be within the range of chemistry and physics suitable for cultivation of ginseng, and it is necessary to analyze the economy and reduce the operating expense. In the future, researches on soil disinfection and nutrient management methods for continuous use should be continued.

수은의 노출로부터 국민의 건강과 환경을 보호하기 위해 국제수은협약이 2013년도에 채택되었다. Article 9에서는 토양, 수계 및 폐기물로 배출되는 수은의 관리를 요구하고 있으며, 수은 오염 폐기물의 처리에 대한 중요성이 증대되고 있다. 국내 폐기물은 용출시험기준치 만족 여부에 따라 지정폐기물로 분류되고 있으며, 이는 대부분 매립처분되는 것으로 조사되었다. 불안정한 형태로 결합되어 있는 수은화합물은 용매의 pH조건에 따라 용출되며, 매립지 환경으로 유출될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 용출시험기준은 폐기물에 함유된 불안정한 형태의 수은화합물을 검출하는 역할을 수행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 산업시설 배출 폐기물을 대상으로 폐기물용 출시험법(KSLT)과 TCLP 및 단계별 용출법(SEP)을 적용하여, 용매의 pH와 시험방법에 따른 수은화합물 용출특성을 비교분석하였다. 산업시설부산물(폐슬러지 (S1), 폐토사 (S2), 비산재 (S3))을 대상으로 3가지 시험법을 적용하였다. 5단계로 구성된 SEP를 적용하였으며, 각각 증류수(1단계), 0.1M CH3COOH+0.01M HCl(2단계), 1M KOH(3단계), 12M HNO3(4단계) 및 Aqua regia(5단계)를 용출용매로 사용한다. EPA Method 7470A를 적용하여 용출시험액의 수은 농도를 분석하였다. 1,2 단계에서 용출되는 수은화합물은 불안정한 형태로써 환경으로 쉽게 유출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. S1의 경우, KSLT 및 TCLP 용출액 수은농도는 각각 0.012 mg-Hg/L 및 0.194 mg-Hg/L으로 분석되었다. 또한, SEP 1단계 0.013 mg-Hg/L, 2단계 0.167 mg-Hg/L로 분석되었다. SEP 1단계와 KSLT(pH 5-6) 그리고, 2단계와 TCLP(pH 2)의 결과값의 비교를 통해 pH가 용출에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자임을 확인하였다. 해당시료는 KSLT의 기준치를 초과하여 지정폐기물로 분류되나, TCLP 기준치를 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 통해 용출시간, 교반방법 및 고액비 등의 시험인자가 수은화합물의 용출에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 두 시험법의 직접적인 비교는 적절하지 않은 것으로 판단된다.

우리나라는 반도체, 철강, 자동차, 선박 등의 제조업을 토대로 경제규모를 성장시켜왔으며, 성장에 비례하여 에너지 수입 의존도 또한 증가했다. 현재 우리나라는 에너지의 95% 이상을 수입하여 사용하고 있는 에너지 다소비 국가로써 2013년 기준 제조업 원자재의 전체 수입량은 하루 평균 약 1조원에 이르는 것으로 집계되었다. 하지만 국내에서 발생되는 폐기물의 약 50% 이상이 에너지 회수에 이용될 수 있음에도 불구하고 단순히 소각 및 매립으로 처리가 되고 있어 에너지 다소비 국가의 현실과는 대조적인 폐기물처리가 이루어지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에 환경부는 ｢자원순환기본법(2018.01.01. 시행)｣을 마련하여 폐기물의 에너지화를 계획하고 있으며, 이와 관련해 소각으로부터 발생되는 열원, 온수, 증기 등의 에너지를 최대한 활용하여 그 효율에 따라 폐기물처분부담금을 감면해주는 방안을 구상하고 있다. 따라서 소각시설의 열에너지 회수효율 산정 및 산정을 위한 주요인자들의 과학적인 접근방법이 요구되었으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 열에너지 회수효율의 주요인자인 저위발열량 및 출열항목에 대하여 산정하고, 산정된 저위발열량 결과와 각 시설의 저위발열량 설계 값 및 발열량계측정값을 비교하여 타당성에 대하여 검토하고자 한다. 본 연구는 1차(2016.05.09.~2016.08.31.) 7개 시설(8호기), 2차(2016.09.05.~2016.10.30.) 4개 시설(9호기)로 진행하였으며, 대상 시설의 선정은 폐기물의 종류, 보일러의 설치형태, 소각로의 형태를 고려하여 선정하였다. 열에너지 회수효율의 산정을 위한 계측항목에 관련한 데이터를 일별로 수집하였으며, 계측 외 항목은 직접 측정하여 저위발열량 및 출열항목 등을 산정하였다. 대상 시설의 저위발열량 산정결과는 1차의 경우 2,776.6~3,881.4kcal/kg, 2차의 경우 1,921.5~5928.7kcal/kg으로 분포되는 것으로 나타났으며, 2차 대상시설 중 저위발열량 결과 값이 5928.7kcal/kg으로 산정된 시설의 경우 사업장폐기물 소각시설로 지정폐기물 투입비율이 100%인 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과, 지속적인 데이터 수집을 통해 출열항목을 산정하여 열에너지 회수효율을 극대화 시킬 방안을 마련해야 하며, 또한 과학적 근거를 수반한 저위발열량 산정방법을 마련해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

나노기술의 발달로 의료, 환경, 자동차, 건축 등 다양한 분야에서 공업용나노물질(ENMs, Engineered Nano Materials)의 사용이 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 제품의 제조, 운반, 저장, 사용, 폐기로 하･폐수처리시설, 소각시설에서 나노물질을 함유한 폐기물이 발생하고 있다. 특히 ENMs은 내부 또는 외부차원의 크기가 1∼100 nm로 동일 성분의 큰 입자와 다른 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한 이러한 특성을 가진 나노물질이 폐기물처리 시설로 유입되어 처리될 때 기존 폐기물과 다른 특성을 나타낼 수 있으며 이에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 나노물질의 종류, 사용량, 물리화학적 특성 그리고 배출형태 등을 참고하여 산화아연, 이산화티타늄, 탄소나노튜브, 은나노를 선정하였다. 조사대상 시료는 하･폐수처리시설 슬러지, 소각시설 비산재, 바닥재, 매립지 침출수와 슬러지 등 35종의 시료를 채취하였다. 시료 분석방법은 폐기물공정시험방법, 토양오염공정시험방법 등을 참고하여 납, 카드뮴, 티타늄 등 중금속 16종을 분석하였다. 아울러 입도분석, TEM(투과전자현미경), XRD, XRF 측정장비를 이용하여 시료특성을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 제조시설에서 발생된 페기물은 ENMs의 물리화학적 특성을 가지고 있었다. 그러나 환경으로 배출된 폐기물을 처리하는 시설에서 폐기물의 물리화학적 배출특성을 조사하였으나 표준화된 공업용 나노물질분석 방법, 나노물질의 입도크기에 따른 환경오염물질과 결합 반은 또는 소각시설에서 고온에 의한 변형 등 여러 가지 영향인자로 폐기물 중 나노물질의 존재 유무 및 형태를 명확하게 확인할 수 없었다.

대심도 저류 및 배수터널은 기 개발된 도시의 부족한 배수관망 능력을 보강하기 위하여 지하에 설치하는 대규모 도시홍수 배제 시설물로 원활한 홍수 유입을 위해 적정한 규모의 수직유입구가 요구되어진다. 접선형 수직유입구 설계 시 유입구의 능력을 평가하는 중요인자로 Yu and Lee (2009)가 지배유량개념을 소개하였는데, 본 연구에서는 서울시에 설치하고자 하는 신월빗물저류배수시설의 수직유입구 3개소를 대상으로 수리 모형실험을 실시하고 제안된 지배유량 개념의 적정성을 평가하였다. 지배유량 이론식(Qcp)을 이용하여 실제 측정된 지배유량(Qcm)과 비교․ 분석 하였는데, 그 결과 이론식 대비 66~69%로 이론식이 지배유량을 과대 산정하는 것으로 평가되었다. 지배유량 이론식의 과대산정 원인을 분석하 기 위하여 Yu and Lee (2009)가 사용한 자료들과 본 연구에서 측정된 자료들을 활용하여 지배유량비(Qcm/Qcp)를 3가지 영역으로 분류하고 각 인 자에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. Yu and Lee (2009)가 제안한 지배유량식은 접선형 수직유입구 설계인자인 에 대한 영향만 고 려하였으나 과 연계된 변수들로 복합적으로 고려하는 식의 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the productivity of crop and physical properties of soil under green house condition. This study is a part of “No-tillage agriculture of Korea-type on recycled ridge”. From results for distribution of soil particle size with time process after tillage, soil particles were composed with granular structure in both tillage and no-tillage. No-tillage soil in distribution of above 2 mm soil particle increased at top soil and subsoil compared with tillage soil. Tillage and one year of no-tillage soil were not a significant difference at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate. Two years of no-tillage soil was significantly increased by 8.2%, 4.5%, and 1.7% at above 0.25 mm~below 0.5 mm, above 0.5 mm~below 1.0 mm, and above 1.0 mm of water-stable aggregate, respectively, compared with one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.10 MG m3 at tillage and 1.30 MG m3 at one year of no-tillage. Bulk density of top soil was 1.14 MG m3 at two years and 1.03 MG m3 at three years of no-tillage, respectively. Bulk density of subsoil was a similar tendency. Solid phase ratio in top soil and subsoil was increased at one year of no-tillage compared with tillage soil, while soil phase ratio decreased at two and three years of no-tillage. Pore space ratio in tillage top soil (58.5%) was decreased by 8.5% at compared with no-tillage soil (51.0%). Pore space ratio was 56.9% and 61.2% at two and three years of no-tillage soil, respectively. Subsoil was a similar tendency. Gaseous phase ratio was decreased at one year of no-tillage soil, and increased at two and three years of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Liquid phase ratio in top soil was increased at one year of no-tillage (28.3%), and decreased at two years (23.4%) and at three years (18.3 %) of no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil (24.2%). Subsoil was a similar tendency. Liquid phase ratio in subsoil was increased than top soil.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage on sequential cropping supported from recycling of first crop ridge on the growth of pepper plant and physical properties of soil under green house condition.1. Degree of crack on soil by tillage and no-tillageSoil cracks found in ridge and not found in row. At five months of tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 3 and 37~51 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 30 mm and 15.3cm in tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 7.5 and 7~28 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 29 mm and 15.3 cm in tillage. At a year of no-tillage, crack number and crack length in length ridge were 1.0 and 140~200 cm in tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in length ridge were 18 mm and 30 cm in a year of no-tillage. Crack number and crack length in width ridge were 11 and 6~22 cm in a year of no-tillage. Maximum width and maximum depth in width ridge were 22 mm and 18.5 cm in a year of no-tillage. Soil crack was not found at 2 years of no-tillage in sandy Jungdong series (jd) soil. Soil crack was found at 7 years of no-tillage in clayish Jisan series (ji) soil.2. Penetration resistance on soilPenetration resistance was increased significantly at no-tillage in Jungdong series (jd). Depth of cultivation layer was extended at no-tillage soil compared with tillage soil. Penetration resistance of plow pan was decreased at 1 year of no-tillage compared with than tillage soil. Penetration resistance was linearly increased with increasing soil depth at tillage in Jisan series (ji). Penetration resistance on top soil was remarkably increased and then maintained continuously at no-tillage soil.3. Drainage and moisture content of soilMoisture content of ridge in top soil was not significant difference at both tillage and no-tillage. Moisture content of ridge in 20 cm soil was 14% at no-tillage soil and 25% at tillage soil.4. Change of capacity to retain water in soilCapacity to retain water in top soil was not significant difference at 1 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in soil was slightly higher tendency in 1 year and 2 years of no-tillage soil than tillage soil. Capacity to retain water in soil was increased at 15 bar both tillage and no-tillage. Capacity to retain water in subsoil was slightly higher tendency at 1 bar and 3 bar in 2 years of no-tillage than tillage soil and a year of no-tillage soil.

Background : The production of healthy ginseng seedling is a critical part of growing 5-6-year-old fresh ginseng. Recently, for the problem of replant failure, it becomes more and more difficult to find first planted field for ginseng seedling cultivation. In this situation, This study was conducted to examine the possibility of seedling production practices of ginseng by utilizing the multi-beds cultivation system as a way to produce ginseng seedling stably. Methods and Results : This experiment was conducted by installing a 3-layed cultivation beds using 50㎜ sandwich panels. As the 1st and 2nd beds get insufficient amount of light, fluorescent lights were installed in 2 rows to further lighten up. And the 3rd bed used natural light. The bed soil used was formulated by mixing saprolite, yakto and peat moss. The control was cultivated under natural light on 1-layed bed with commercial bed soil for ginseng seedling. The commercial bed soil had pH 7.24, higher than the standard of permission, 6.5; and its calcium and sodium contents were 10.7, and 0.85 cmol+/㎏, respectively, higher than the standard. The available phosphate concentration was 34.0㎎/㎏, lower than the appropriate level of 100 ㎎/㎏. The mixing bed soil also had pH 7.69, higher than the standard but its nitrate and phosphate were within the appropriate range. The intra-facility light quantities of the 1st and 2nd beds were constant at around 100 μmol during days. But the light quantity of the 3rd bed was 51.4 μmol in average daily value. The roots of the 1st-3rd beds were found to weigh 0.58 – 0.73 g while those of the control group, about 0.47g to show heavier root weight of the multi-beds cultivation ginseng than that of the control. As for the yield, the control showed 145 ㎏/10a whereas the 1st-3rd beds showed higher levels between 183 – 228 ㎏/10a. Conclusion : In the multi-beds cultivation of ginseng seedling, fluorescent lamps seem to have provided sufficient light as an artificial light source. The soil for ginseng seedling production is different from ginseng cultivation field soil, additional study will be also necessary to set up the physiochemical range of bed soil for ginseng seedling.

The purpose of this study is to understand the master plan of “The project on a comprehensive village development with a unit of a based township” through the master plan analysis and to help understand the implications of this project in order to maintain rural villages that can make local residents satisfied with them and promote the project of comprehensive rural village development as a successful way based on a comparative analysis through the in-site survey. The processes of this study are as follows. First, the analysis of development planning created a drawing based on linking business strategy by each region. The current situation and characteristics of planned public spaces were analyzed through the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities. Second, the situation analysis was performed by the task of shooting based on the basic plan information, and the master plan and status were confirmed through interviews. Also, the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities was conducted by a created drawings based on a survey. Finally, the detailed information of public spaces and facilities was compared with the investigation by in-site survey and analyzed through the Master Plan Strategy and a detailed classification of the types of facilities among each regional issues. In addition, by overlapping the planned drawings with the results, the results of formations were confirmed and the planned positional changes and the distribution of facilities were analyzed. As the results of “The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township”, it was determined that there were many issues on cultural and welfare facilities in this project to meet the business objectives. Also, the facilities the residents needed, identified by interviews, were rural tourism facilities. According to the results, the residents cherished rural tourism facilities as much as basic living facilities. However, as the results of comparative analysis of public spaces and facilities, it was confirmed that mostly the plan was unfulfilled. Therefore, it is concluded that living, cultural and welfare facilities in the township can be maintained and expanded comprehensively as a purpose of “The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township” after not only planning process but also the project is fulfilled actually in rural areas.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to reduce seeding expenses, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of rain shelter controlled cultivation and adapted seeding times on the stable seed production of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods and Results: Seed germination was conducted under 10 condition compose to control, water washing, cold storage at 4℃ for 15 days, seed sterilization with a benomyl pesticides, hormone treated seed by submerging in 100 ppm GA3 with the cold storage at 20℃ and 25℃, darkness in a covered petridish and illuminated with a 1,500 Lux lamp. There were three cultivation type, open cultivation with non-woven fabric mulching, cultivation with a vinyl covering and rain sheltered in a plastic greenhouse. Sowing dates were April 27, May 18, June 7 and June 28, 2013. Plants were spaced 10 ㎝ apart in rows 30 ㎝ apart. Mixed oil cake fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O (12-10-10) was applied at 600 ㎏• 10 a−1. Conclusions: Optimum germination occured in darkness at 25℃ and cold storage after submerging in GA3. The highest seed yields (4.5 ㎏• 10 a−1) occurred in the plastic greenhouse for the April 25 sowing. The highest root yield (17%) was found on April 1, under greenhouse conditions.

This study was conducted to evaluate the emission characteristics of air pollutants from incineration facilities in Jeollanam-do. We selected 8 incineration facilities depend on type and the 19 items such as dust etc. were measured at the measurement hole for emission gas from air contamination control units. The range of emission concentrations for dust was 2.8 ~ 20.9 mg/Sm3 less than permissible air discharge standards. The results of 10 gaseous contaminants such as SOx was less than permissible air discharge standards. The range of emission concentrations for NOx was 13.4 ~ 120.0 ppm, less than permissible air discharge standards. As G facility was 112.4 ppm, 120.0 ppm, it exceeded emission standard (100 ppm) twice. The range of emission concentrations for HCl was ND ~ 85.300 ppm, B Facilitiy exceeded emission standard (20 ppm) as 85.300 ppm. The range of emission concentrations for NH3 was ND ~ 76.333 ppm, A, D, H Facility exceeded emission standard (30 ppm). The concentration of each facility was 42.416 ppm, 62.930 ppm, 76.333 ppm. The results of heavy metals (5 items) showed within emission standards. G facility is operating in condition that input of urea is 100 L/day. If input of urea were changed to 50 ~ 75 L/day, the operating cost of air pollution prevention facility can be reduced by 25% ~ 50%. In this study, the correlation between urea input and nitrogen oxides was statistically significant, but the correlation between urea input and ammonia showed insignificantly. Our research attempts to evaluate the emission characteristics of air pollutants from incineration facilities and to institute a reduction plan, an effective management of incinerators.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic vegetable cultivation on the soil physical properties in 33 farmlands under plastic greenhouse in Korea. We were investigated 5~8 farms per organic vegetable crops during the period from August to November 2014. The main cultivated vegetables were leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Japonica Hara), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). We have analyzed soil physical properties. The measured soil physical parameters were soil plough layer, soil hardness, penetration resistance, three soil phase, bulk density and Porosity. The measurement of the soil plough layer, soil hardness and penetration resistance were carried out direct in the fields, and the samples for other parameters were taken using the soil core method with approximately 20 mm diameter core collected from each organic vegetable field. Soil plough layer was average 36 cm and ranged between 30 and 50 cm, and slightly different depending on the sorts of vegetable cultivation. The soil hardness was 0.17±0.15~1.34±1.02 in the topsoil, 0.55±0.34~1.15±0.62 in the subsoil. It was not different between topsoil and subsoil, but showed a statistically significant difference between the leafy and fruit vegetables. Penetrometer resistance is one of the important soil physical properties that can determine both root elongation and yield. The increase in density under leafy vegetables resulted in a higher soil penetrometer resistance. Soil is a three-component system comprised of solid, liquid, and gas phases distributed in a complex geometry that creates large solidliquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid interfacial areas. The three soil phases were dynamicand typically changed in organic vegetable soils under greenhouse. Porosity was characterized as range of 54.2±2.2~60.3±2.4%. Most measured soils have bulk densities between 1.0 and 1.6 g cm-3. To summarize the above results, Soil plough layer has been deepened in organic vegetable cultivation soils. Solid hardness (the hardness of the soil) and bulk density (suitable for the soil unit mass) have been lowered. Porosity (soil spatial content) was high such as a well known in organic farmlands. Important changes were observed in the physical properties according to the different vegetable cultivation. We have demonstrated that the physical properties of organic cultivated soils under plastic greenhouse were improved in the results of this study.

하수슬러지 처리의 상당부분을 차지하던 해양투기가 금지된 이후 육상처리로 전환되면서 하수슬러지의 처리비용은 2배 수준으로 상승하였다. 따라서 하수슬러지의 발생 저감에 이은 처리비용의 절감, 나아가 효율적인 자원화 및 에너지화가 중요한 과제로 부상하였다. 현재 전국에 설치되어 있는 하수슬러지 처리시설의 공법은 건조(건조연료화, 건조자원화, 건조혼소, 건조화 등을 포함), 고화, 부숙화, 소각, 탄화 등으로 분류할 수 있다. 최근 하수슬러지의 자원화 관심이 증대하면서 부숙화와 건조연료화, 탄화 등의 공법이 주목을 받고 있는데 높은 함수율의 하수슬러지를 건조시키는데 많은 연료비가 필요하다는 점이 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 대한 대책의 일환으로 건조비용을 줄이기 위한 다양한 방법이 강구되고 있으나 하수슬러지 처리시설의 운영 시 이에 대한 분석 자료가 충분히 파악되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 환경에 미치는 영향과 자원화의 경제성이라는 양면 인자의 분석이 이루어져야 실질적인 자원화 공법의 타당성이 평가될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지 처리시설에서 채택하고 있는 각종 공법 별 특성을 비교 분석하고, 시범지역의 공법 별 처리시설 운영 실태를 분석함으로써 자원화를 지향하는 현 정책의 문제점과 개선사항을 도출하고자 하였다. 하수슬러지 처리시설의 공법 별 처리용량, 사업비, 개소 당 규모 등 기본 인자를 토대로 현황을 조사하고 시범지역에서 공법 별 하수슬러지 처리시설의 세부 운영 자료를 분석, 평가하였다. 또한 각 처리시설의 문제점을 조사하여 개선사항을 도출하고 효율적인 하수슬러지 처리와 자원화를 위한 전망을 제시하였다.

This study attempted to find an optimum operation codition for co-incineration of food waste and industrial wastes, focusing on injection position and rate. As the result of analysis, during injection of food waste incineration facilities, atmospheric pollutant standard satisfied all requirement. However when injected into the primary combustion chamber, the dioxin exceeded emission standard. This result has been determined that contaminants generated as processing the more amount (150 ton/day) than the designed capacity (72 ton/day) emitted and exceeded not completely removed from the control facilities.

Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT), widely spread in Europe, is a process combined with mechanical separation and biological treatment. This is an alternative technology that can accomplish WtE (Waste-to-Energy) and landfill diversion. Bio-drying, aimed to produce high quality SRF, focused on removing moisture of waste through generated heat when biodegradable organic material is partially degraded by micro-organism. However, most of SRF production facilities in Korea consist of mechanical treatment. In those, 40% of input waste have been generated as residue disposed of in landfill. As a result of physico-chemical characteristic analysis of residue from target facilities, composition of food wastes, papers and plastics ranged 6.7 ~ 18.3%, 9.1 ~ 17.3%, and 5.8 ~ 12.2%, respectively. The moisture content of residue was about 43%, and low heating value was analyzed a range of 1,300 up to 1,900 kcal/kg. Results showed that combustible material having potential to produce SRF is discarded and the amount of biodegradable material such as food waste is still large. Therefore, we assumed it may cause pollution in terms of landfill gas emission and high concentrated leachate generation. In this study, recent trends of Bio-drying is discussed as the alternative technology to solve problems at SRF production facilities in South Korea.

최근 선진국을 중심으로 자원고갈 및 기후변화에 대응하기 위하여 신재생에너지의 개발 및 생산에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 특히 폐자원으로 에너지를 확보하기 위한 정책을 적극적으로 추진하고 있다. 국내에서도 폐자원의 자원순환형사회 구축을 위해 폐자원의 에너지화를 위한 폐기물 연료화 시설(MBT, Mechanical Biological Treatment)을 설치하여 고형연료 즉, SRF(Solid Refuse Fuels)를 생산하기 위한 시설의 도입을 적극추진하고 있다. 유럽에서는 1990년부터 최근까지 300여개소의 MBT 시설이 설치 운영 중에 있으며, 초기에는 폐기물의 매립량 최소화 또는 매립지의 환경부하를 절감하기 위한 방법에서, 최근에는 SRF 생산 또는 에너지 회수가 주목적이 되고 있다. 국내에도 2015년 현재 수도권매립지 등 약 20여개의 생활폐기물 연료화 시설이 가동 및 계획 중에 있으나, 생물학적 처리공정(BT, Biological Treatment)이 결여된 MT(Mechanical Treatment) 위주의 공정으로 인해 고형연료로 회수할 수 있 수 있는 가연성물질의 상당부분이 잔재물로 배출되어 매립 또는 소각처리 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 운영되고 있는 생활폐기물 연료화 시설을 대상으로하여 고형연료로 회수되지 못하고 배출되는 잔재물에 대한 공업분석, 원소분석, 발열량 등의 특성을 분석하여, 향후 이를 고형연료로 회수하는 공정을 개발하기 위한 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

This study was carried out to prepare for the basic data to properly treat the swine manure targeting 19 pig farms in Daejung-eup in Jeju Island. Swine breeding facility can be classified largely as scraper piggery, slurry piggery and recirculating piggery based on their types. Generation flux source unit and generated source unit for each swine breeding facility have been calculated. The average generated flux source unit for the scrapper piggery was 4.57 L/d, for the slurry piggery 3.27 L/d, and for the recirculating type 2.57 L/d. The generation source units for the scraper piggery were 37,796.3 mg/L of BOD5, 25,853.0 mg/L of CODMn, 39,843.8 mg/L of SS, 28,390.5 mg/L of T-N, and 890.1 mg/L of T-P; for the slurry piggery 45,974.2 mg/L of BOD5, 29,582.4 mg/L of CODMn, 69,190.6 mg/L of SS, 29,210.4 mg/L of T-N, and 1,370.6 mg/ L of T-P; and for the recirculating piggery 32,953.9 mg/L of BOD5, 21,698.4 mg/L of CODMn, 46,816.5 mg/L of SS, 19,464.3 mg/L of T-N, and 979.2 mg/L of T-P. In summary, the average generation flux source unit of the swine manure from 19 pig farms of Daejung-eup in Jeju Island was 3.47 L/d, and the average generation source unit of the manure was 38,908.1 mg/L of BOD5, 25,711.3 mg/L of CODMn, 51,950.3 mg/L of SS, 25,688.4 mg/L of T-N, and 1,080.0 mg/L of T-P.

본 연구에서는 공연문화시설에서의 고령 인구의 특성을 고려한 피난계획을 수립 및 평가하였다. 현재 우리 사회는 2014년 10월을 기준으로 65세 이상 고령 인구의 수가 총 인구수의 약 12.7%를 차지하고 있다. 서울시 노인 욕구 만족 결과를 살펴보면, 고령 인구의 여가시간 활용 분석 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지한 항목은 문화 및 영화 관람이다. 그러나 실제 국내 공연문화시설에서의 피난계획은 일반적인 건축법과 소방법에서의 피난성능만을 고려한 설계이며, 고령 인구의 인지능력과 행동특성을 고려한 피난계획은 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 서울지역의 영화관을 선정하여 공연문화시설에서의 고령 인구의 인지능력을 측정하여 비교하고, 인지특성을 설문을 통해 살펴보았다. 또한, 일본건축센터에서 사용하고 있는 건축방재지침에 의한 수리계산으로 고령 인구의 행동능력을 고려하여 화재 시나리오를 구성하여 피난 안전성 평가를 진행하였다. 그리고 고령 인구의 인지특성과 신체적 특성을 고려하여 비상 시 피난을 원활하게 할 수 있는 개선안을 제안하였다. 앞으로 공연문화시설을 이용하는 고령 인구의 인지능력과 행동 특성을 고려하여 비상 시 안전하게 피난할 수 있는 시스템이 갖추어져야 한다.