During the fierce competition among the companies, improvement of logistics center managing efficiency is importantly recognized. Among them, studies on improvement of picking work process on about 55% of logistics center managing costs are continuously conducted. And, most of studies focus on analysis on strengths and weaknesses of picking method performable on the stage of logistics center design, etc, so the purposes of this research are to define load location rule by product releasing frequency in logistics managing environment based on conveyer and suggest expected effects by simulation analyzing method to improve picking managing efficiency.

본 연구는 김천 김공폭 암각바둑판을 사례로, 암각바둑판의 의미와 입지 및 장소정체성을 고찰한 것으로 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 암각바둑판이 새겨진 장전폭포일대는 예로부터 수도암에서 가야산 해인사에 이르는 길목의 승경으로 회자되어 왔다. 수도산에서 발원한 수원(水源)이 장전폭포를 거치는 대가천과 남쪽의 황점 및 장전리에서 비롯된 목통천이 무흘구곡 제6곡인 옥류동 옥류천에 합류된다. 추가 발견된 암각바둑판은 계류형 암각바둑판의 전형적 입지로서, 화강암 협곡과 너럭바위 등의 지형경관이 탁월한 것으로 미루어 보아 옛 선비들의 풍류와 밀접한 관련이 있음이 재차 확인되었다. 만폭 암각바둑판의 크기는 46.0×46.5㎝, 기반암의 크기는 3.0×1.6m 이었으며 높이는 0.7m였다. 바둑판 상부에 "晩"이라 기재되어 있고 대국방향을 장축으로 한 좌향은 NW-SE로 나타났다. 추가 발굴된 김천의 암각바둑판의 명칭은 폭포 상단에 크고 깊게 음각된 '만폭(晩瀑)'이라는 폭포명과 암각바둑판 상단에 이에 조응(照應)하여 새겨진 '晩' 등을 반영하여 '김천 만폭 암각바둑판'으로 명명함이 타당하다고 본다. 만폭 암각바둑판 주변의 바위글씨로 볼 때 폭포의 이름은 만폭을 비롯하여 '수렴폭(水濂瀑)', '귀이폭(歸異瀑)' 등의 이명을 갖고 있었던 것으로 확인된다. 또한 폭포수의 상류에서 물을 공급하는 수원은 '원천(源泉)', 떨어지는 폭포수를 담는 못은 '지일담(知一潭)'이며 폭포 하단을 에워싸고 있는 벼랑은 '운금벽(雲錦壁)' 등의 경물명을 부여함으로써 일정한 의미를 설정한 것으로 추정된다. 만폭 암각바둑판의 조영자는 주변에 각자된 4인명의 바위글씨로 보아 수원 백씨 등이 조성 및 향유주체가 되어 구한말 이후 20C 초반에 조성한 것으로 추정되지만 바위글씨와 주민 증언을 통해 볼 때 수원 백씨 이전 이곳은 원림경영 등에 대한 별도 주체가 있었을 것으로 추정됨에 따라 계속적인 보완 연구가 필요하다

This study was aimed at analyzing the location and the characteristics of the Urban hanok tissues that were formed in the downtown since 1920s. Focusing on the relationship between roads and lots, the developing process and the typological characteristics are examined. Through dividing the large and medium lots of the aristocratic families and on the hilly area near the Seoul City Wall, various shapes of urban hanok tissue were evolved. The urban hanok tissues developed before 1936 locate on the downtown sites, while those developed after 1936 locate on the hilly sites. The location of the tissues were identified in the upper area of Jong-no street. The former is composed of small size lots divided into average area 104.4㎡ with the narrow alleys of about 2.0m width, while the latter is composed of medium size lots divided into average area 131.54㎡ with the alleys of about 4.0m width. Moreover the structures of the tissues were evolved based on the developing period and the site condition. Moreover the structures of the tissues were evolved based on the developing period and the site condition. The typological characteristics were defined as the four patterns categorized with the bilateral concepts of alley’s form and of alley’s spacial feature.

21C, As Increase the risk of natural disasters, especially, In Korea, Busan Haundae Coast is important tsunami shelter location selection for safety. This Study attempt to site analysis for tsunami shelter of haundae coastal zone. GIS is very useful tool as we search location characteristics. The Purpose of This Study, First, Analysis of the location for using the Tsunami Shelter location Standards Act of Korea. Second, As using this study to U.S. Oregon State and Japan's location Standards Act, seeking a New Tsunami Shelter Position and places, and performed to compare with korea. In Conclusion, All Issue of Tsunami shelter location on the basis of an analysis leads to the political implications.

Control charts are generally used for process control, but the role of traditional control charts have been limited in case of a contaminated process. Traditional x control charts have not been activated well for such a problem because of trying to control processes as center line and control limits changed by the contaminated value. This paper is to propose robust x control charts which is considering a location parameter in order to respond to contaminated process. In this paper, we consider x, that is trimmed rate; typically ten percent rate is used. By comparing with p, ARL value, the responding results are decided. The comparison resultant results of proposed two control charts are shown and are well contrasted.

Location based service and AR(Augmented Reality) techniques have been one of the most important areas in current computer games and mobile application. This paper presents GPU(Graphics Process Unit) based image recognition system for outdoor games and mobile application. In learning stage, we extract features from input image sequence and convert them into meta information in database. User captures then a query image that is sent to GPU based server system. The proposed system build a descriptor codebook using BRISK and SURF descriptors, and employs codebook with re-ranking information based on homography.

This study researched the symbolic meaning of the costume colors in the independent film <Bittersweet Life>. The purpose of the study is to shed light on the relation between a film and the clothing color by exploring the symbolic meaning of costume colors as based on place images and as reflected in characters’ internal psychological states and situations. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the colors primarily presented were neutral shades of black and white or dark, almost-black tones, representing the negative narrative structure and depicting the image of a human being. Second, a series of bright blue shades were presented to reflect the positive narrative structure of a human being returning successfully to reality. Third, the application of color, involving both the psychological aspect as well as the symbolism of color, was effectively delivered to the audience. Fourth, the emphasis on color in the smallest details of costumes was analyzed, and it was found that symbolic color effectively communicated the whole image of transformation as the story progressed, clearly delivered delicate emotional messages, and contained symbolism relating to particular places and situations.

For more efficient air-conditioning in large scaled vessels, structure of air inlet room and location of supply fan are very important. In this study, we have modeled an air intake room of large scaled vessels and tried to examine surrounding flow characteristics around supply fan by a numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics based on three dimensional steady-state Navier-Stokes equation and standard k-ε model. A commercial CFD program, FLUENT, is used on the analysis. Finally, the analysis showed that the supply fan should be located at the inner side rather than outer side of air intake room, which was original design

본 연구는 기존 연구와는 다른 새로운 관점에서 중국 민간기업들의 해외직접투자 입지의 결정요인에 대하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 중국경제에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 국영기업의 민영화 과정에 주목하여 현재의 민간기업들을 국영기업에서 완전한 민영기업으로 전환한 기업 (PSEs)과 설립 초기에서부터 민간기업인 기업 (POEs) 으로 분류하였다. 이어 이 두 가지 유형의 민간기업들의 속성을 분석한 후 이들이 해외직접투자를 실시함에 있어서 입지결정에 영향을 미치는 요인들, 즉 천연자원, 전략적 자산, 위험부담, 현지 중국인 네트워크 등의 변수들을 중심으로 두 유형의 기업 간 차이에 관한 가설을 설정하고 관련 2차 자료를 바탕으로 통계분석을 통하여 가설을 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, PSEs는 POEs보다 천연자원과 전략적 자산이 풍부하고 중국인 네트워크가 덜 구축된 국가들에 더 활발히 투자하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 민간기업들을 동일한 속성을 가진 기업들로 간주하였던 기존의 연구들과는 달리 민간기업들도 유형에 따라 그 속성이 서로 다르며 해외직접투자에서도 서로 다른 입지선정 행태를 보인다는 점을 입증한 것으로 사료된다. 이 연구는 향후 갈수록 세계경제에 대한 영향이 커지고 있는 중국 민간기업의 해외직접투자에 대해 더욱 심도 있는 연구를 실시하는데 일조할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES: Recently, there are increasing bicycle accidents along with increasing bicycles users. Bicycle accidents occurred frequently by perpendicular collision form at intersection inner. In order to improve safety of bicycle, drivers need to be aware of bicycles on the road and intersection geometric designs need to be designed to reduce risk associated with collisions between bicycles and car. This study aims to review the location of bicycle crossing in the viewpoint of bicycle safety. METHODS: Four types of bicycle crossing by curve radius and driver's check around the behavior are set to simulate the risk of collisions between bicycles and car turning right. Simulation using fortran programming are conducted on total 60 cases. RESULTS : Bicycle crossing located behind of crosswalk is lower the risk of collisions with car in all cases. In addition to the larger curve radius of pavement edge at intersection and the more pay attention to the rear by the turn head to the right is too low the risk of collisions with car. CONCLUSIONS : It is show that the location of bicycle crossing is safer behind than in front of crosswalk in the viewpoint of bicycle safety.

The intracellular endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia is currently considered the most abundant in arthropods. Many Wolbachia manipulate host reproductive systems, it lead to male-killing, cytoplasmic incompatibility, parthenogenesis and feminization of genetic males with large impact on host ecology and evolution in arthropods. In this study, we investigated the distribution of Wolbachia infection in Ae. albopictus according to geographical distribution. We selected 9 areas and collected Ae. albopictus, these areas were distinguished with mountain chain and waterway. Whole genomic DNA were extracted from collected specimens and PCR analysis were accomplished in each specimen using Wolbachia specific primers such as 16S and WSP genes. As a results, we collected 730 Ae. albopictus at least 30 specimens in each area. Wolbachia infection rate showed different patterns between geographical region. Cheonbook, Cheonnam and Yeongdong showed 100% infection rate followed by Jeju (97%), Chungchung (88%), and Gyungnam (85%) with two Wolbachia marker genes. Our results indicated that Ae. albopictus are commonly infected with Wolbachia, it is possible that Wolbachia may act as endosymbiont in Ae. albopictus regardless of geographical region. Although, low infection rate of Wolbachia, we need continuous survey for the evaluation of Wolbachia strain within Ae. albopictus as a vector of dengue fever.

To ensure that the production system of a factory is efficient, the factory layout design should consider the location and material flow plans of facilities, workshops, and storage areas. Highly productive factories need to have an optimized layout planning process, and a customized design methodology of the production system is a necessity for feasible layout planning. This paper presents a method for designing a layout module's size and shape and provides a heuristic location-allocation algorithm for the modules. The method is implemented and validated using a rich internet application-based platform. The layout design method is based on the leisure ship production process; this method can be used for designing the layout of a new factory or remodeling an existing factory and its production system. In contrast to existing layout methods, the inputs required for the proposed method, such as target products, production processes, and human-resource plans, are simple. This layout design method provides a useful solution for the initial stage of factory design.

In the location science, environmental effect becomes a new main consideration for site selection. For the unwanted facility location selection, decision makers should consider the cost of resolving the environmental conflict. We introduced the negative influence cost for the facility which was inversely proportional to distance between the facility and residents. An unwanted facility location problem was suggested to minimize the sum of the negative influence cost and the transportation cost. The objective cost function was analyzed as nonlinear type and was neither convex nor concave. Three GRASP (Greedy Randomized adaptive Search Procedure) methods as like Random_GRASP, Epsilon_GRASP and GRID_GRASP were developed to solve the unwanted facility location problem. The Newton's method for nonlinear optimization problem was used for local search in GRASP. Experimental results showed that quality of solution of the GRID_GRASP was better than those of Random_GRASP and Epsilon_GRASP. The calculation time of Random_GRASP and Epsilon_GRASP were faster than that of Grid_GRASP.

This study was aimed at analyzing the location and topology of the 'Gungmyo(宮廟)' and in Hanyang Doseong(漢 陽都城) during 18th and 19th century. Based on the changes of royal processions(行幸) which had been done between the Gungmyo and the Palace, the Gungmyo can be a barometer of cognition where the city center was. Hanyang Doseong was the the capital of Joseon(朝鮮) which had established by king Taejo(太祖). The city had been organized with Gyeongbok-gung(景福宮) as the center. However, after the Imjin War(1592), Gyeongbok-gung was destroyed and urban space was reorganized with Changduk-gung(昌德宮) which reconstructed first. As most kings in late Joseon dynasty had mainly stayed in Changduk-gung, lots of Gungmyos where a memorial service for king’s relatives had been held were established in and around the palace and the frequency of visiting the Gungmyo varied by political purpose. Therefore, the location of the Gungmyo and the rounte of parade were important to impress on the center of urban space. In 18th century, lots of King’s procession had been done with Changduk-gung as departure point. The king used to start from Donwha-mun(敦化門), and the routes included main street around Changduk-gung. It shows that the urban center focused on the east of the city. On the other hand, when the king lived in Kyeonghee-gung(慶熙宮), a secondary palace in late Joseon dynasty, the parade started from Hungwha-mun(興化門) and the urban center was expended to the west. Since Gyeongbok-gung had reconstructed in 1865, recognition scheme of urban space had changed from Changduk-gung to Gyeongbok-gung as the center. When the Gungmyo relocated western side of Gyeongbok-gung, spatial proximity of the palace and relation with facilities around downtown fed into changing the route of king's parade.

본 연구는 현재 지방자치단체에서 개발 예정중인 마리나와 관련하여 우리나라에 필요한 마리나의 적정수요와 마리나 개발시 입지의 중요도를 심층적으로 분석한 후 정부 및 각 지방자치단체에게 연구의 결과를 제공하고자 하는데 목적을 두며 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내의 마리나 개발 시 적정 수요는 대략적으로 49개 정도로 나타났다. 자세하게 언급하면 지역을 광역권으로 구분한 후, 마리나를 구간별로 네트워크화시켜 연안역 마리나의 개념으로 개발을 하여야 하며, 반드시 대형, 중형, 소형 마리나의 구분을 하여야 한다. 권역별로 10개는 대형(리조트형)마리나를 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(2), 경상도(3), 강원권(1), 제주권(1) 등에 개발하고, 17개는 중형(레포츠형)마리나를 수도권(3), 충청권(2), 전라권(2), 경상권(6), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발을 하여야 한다. 그리고 22개의 소형(지역 거점형)마리나는 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(6), 경상권(9), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 국내에 적합한 마리나 개발 입지의 중요도는 마리나 관련 전문가 그룹이 제시한 5개(접근성, 시장성, 이용성, 타당성, 자연환경)요인을 대상으로 종합적인 중요도를 분석한 결과 1순위는 이용성으로 나타났고, 2순위는 접근성, 3순위는 자연환경, 4순위는 시장성, 5순위는 타당성 요인으로 나타났다.

서양종 꿀벌 독의 채집시기와 지역에 따른 봉독의 성분 변화 및 약리효과에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 채집시기는 5월부터 9월까지, 채집지역은 전국 35개 지역으로부터 채취한 봉독을 대상으로 2010년과 2011년 2년에 걸쳐 동일 지역에서 동일한 방법으로 봉독을 채취하였다. 채취한 봉독은 액체크로마토그래피를 통해 멜리틴과 아파민 그리고 포스포리파아제 A2의 성분 함량을 분석하였다. 그 결과 채집시기와 지역에 따른 성분에 유의한 차이는 확인되지 않았다(One way-ANOVA, Duncan's test (=0.05)). 봉독의 성분은 채집시기와 지역에 관계없이 멜리틴 , 아파민 그리고 포스포리파아제 A2는 을 차지하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 봉독은 채취시기에 따른 주요 성분은 차이를 갖고 있지 않았으며, 이는 꿀벌의 먹이, 사육온도 등 외부 환경이 봉독 분비에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 사료되었다.