Industrial complex areas are an important factor that contributes to economic development. However, these areas also produce a significant amount of noxious air pollutants. In particular, PM10 emitted from industrial complex areas can lead to detrimental effects on human health. This study was conducted to survey environmental conditions and measure the concentration of PM10 in indoor and outdoor living spaces in Yeosu and Gwangyang. In Yeosu, the level of PM10 concentration in indoor living spaces was measured at 49.38 μg/m3, while the outdoor level was measured at 43.60 μg/m3. In Gwangyang, the PM10 concentration in indoor living spaces was measured at 20.08 μg/m3 while the outdoor measurement came to 18.14 μg/m3. When analyzing the percentage of those who were highly concerned with environmental pollution among a survey group of 200 people, Yeosu City had a rate of 76.5%, while Gwangyang City had a comparable rate of 73%. When looking at the time-activity patterns of residents in both locations, Yeosu residents spend more than 80.0% of their time inside their living spaces, while Gwangyang residents spend more than 70.0% of time inside their living spaces. These high rates are largely due to the fact that most of the residents of these areas are elderly. In both Yeosu and Gwangyang, it was found that 40% of residents use TV and radio rather than newspapers or handouts to obtain information about environmental pollution problems in their area.

환경오염원으로부터 지역별 솔잎혹파리 피해도의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 실시한 결과, 솔잎혹파리 충영형성율은 석유화학공단에 의한 환 경오염이 심각한 상황에 있는 공단지역은 충영형성률 47.94%이었고, 대조지역은 9.94%였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽은 공단지역 피해엽의 길이는 평균 4.5 cm 였으며, 대조지역은 평균 4.9 cm 이었다. 솔잎혹파리 피해엽의 충영내 유충의 수는 공단지역은 평균 3.4개체이었고, 대조지역은 2.4개체 이 었다. 성숙유충의 크기는 공단지역이 유충체장은 2.40 mm, 체폭은 0.7 mm 이었으며, 대조지역의 유충체장은 2.45 mm, 체폭은 0.71 mm 이었다.

울산공단지역과 지리산지역에서 소나무림의 강우로부터 산림내 유입되는 수간류, 수관통과우, 임외우의 이온성분을 조사하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 울산공단지역에서는 pH가 지리산지역에 비해 수간류, 수관 통과우, 임외우 모두 낮아 대기오염의 영향으로 추측할 수 있었다. EC는 수간류, 수관통과우, 임외우 모 두 울산공단지역이 높았으며, 수간류와 수관통과우에서는 양지역이 2배 정도 차이가 있었다. 이온성분은 울산공단지역에서 대체적으로 높았으며, 수간류에서 지역차가 2배 이상 나타났으며, 특히 Ca2+, Mg2+ 이 온의 농도가 지역간 차이가 높게 나타났다. 음이온 성분은 두 지역 모두 SO4 2->NO3 ->Cl- 순으로 나타났 으며, 지역간 차이가 가장 큰 이온은 SO4 2-으로써 수간류에서 토양으로 유입되어 토양의 산성화를 초래할 뿐만 아니라 산림생태계 전반에 영향을 미칠 수 있다.

Five kinds of odorous aldehyde were investigated at industrial complex in Busan. Samples were collected by DNPH cartridge at 24 work places, 81 samples in 44 sites, and analysed by HPLC/UV system. Acetaldehyde was detected in 78 samples with range of 1.2~299.7 ppbv. Propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and i-valeraldehyde were detected in 7 samples, 11 samples, 2 samples and 9 samples, respectively. Measured concentration of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and iso-valeraldehyde were ranged 14.8~74.1 ppbv, 1.6~132.0 ppbv, 11.7~13.3 ppbv and 113.9~8858.9 ppbv, respectively. Among total analysed samples, 15 samples were over than degree 3 of calculated odor intensity. All of i- Valeraldehyde detected samples were showed over than degree 3. The work places subsisted aldehydes with high concentrations were related with leather-factory wastes disposal plant, leather, feedstuff, producing synthetic seasoning and textile mill.

To evaluate environment of farm lands using indicator insects and evaluation indices, the insect abundance of which is one of the major criteria for the evaluation of agricultural environment of farm land in urban areas and industrial complex, three sites (Ansan, Daesan, Suncheon) were designated and monitored from 2004 to 2006. The flora of agricultural land was more than urban areas and industrial complex of that in three sites. Soil, water and air pollution of urban areas and industrial complex were more serious than those of agricultural land in three sites. Overall population of insects were high from June to August in the surveyed three sites. Collected insects in agricultural land were 12 order, 106 family and 166 species, those in urban areas were 11 order, 102 family and 148 species, and in industrial complex were 11 order, 100 family and 152 species. Species and population belonging to Coleoptera was dominant in the surveyed sites. The insect diversity indices of farm land were 2.36 in agricultural land, 1.92 urban areas and industrial complex. And agricultural environment of agricultural land was good, urban areas was common and industrial complex was poor. Based on the major criteria of evaluation items, the criteria were selected as diversity index over 2.1, insect indicator Pheropsophus javanus in agricultural land, diversity index 1.5-2.0, insect indicator Nephotettix cincticeps in urban areas, diversity index below 1.5, insect indicator Pagria signata in industrial complex.

In order to validate the meteorological and odor dispersion modeling methods, the measured meteorological parameters such as wind speed and direction and odor intensities were compared with those calculated from the models. The CALMET and CALPUFF models which were recommended by USEPA were used to predict the meteorological variable and odor concentrations. The average time of odor concentration was 10 mins. to consider instantaneous response nature of the odors. The results showed that model predictions were in good agreement with the measurements. It is expected that the modeling method presented in this paper will be useful to assess the impact of odors from industrial complex to near-by residential areas.

The emission concentrations of VOC and various odorous compounds were measured from different indoor process units located in 19 companies at the Ban Wall industrial complex from Jun. 2004 to Jan. 2005. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indoor pollution levels of various industrial facilities with respect to bothmalodorous compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOC). We also intended to build the database under the conditions affected by various anthropogenic processes with an aid of a statistical treatment. The three samplingmethods and five analytical techniques were applied tomeasure the sum of up to 32 individual compounds. According to this study, we were able to identify the importance ofmajormalodor compounds which include carbonyl compounds, reduced sulfur compounds, ammonia and trimethylamine. On the other hand, relative contribution of VOC as sources ofmalodor was ofminor significance except such compound as toluene. The overall results of this study thus indicate that the concentration levels of VOC in themanufacturing facilities are high enough to affect indoor laboring conditions.

본 연구에서는 악취민원이 빈발한 경기도 안산시에 위치한 반월공단의 주거지역과 공단지역 등을 중심으로 주요 관리대상으로 설정된 악취성분들에 대한 환경대기 중 농도분포 특성을 2년여 기간동안 6차례에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 이들의 거동을 이해하기 위해, 시간적(오전과 오후) 및 공간적(공단 내외부의 위치) 기준으로 분포특성에 대한 비교를 시도하였다. 그 결과, 오전시간대에 비해 오후시간대에 고농도 분포가 현저하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 유사하게 공간적인 기준으로 비교한 결과도 공단 내부에서 관측한 결과에서 대부분의 성분들이 고농도를 유지하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 안산시 주변 및 공단지역의 환경대기 중에 존재하는 악취성분들이 시간적 및 공간적 기준으로 다양한 분포특성을 취한다는 것을 보여주었다.

본 연구는 도심지역인 서울시청 부근과 공단 지역인 안산 반월 공단지역 내에 서식하는 비둘기를 대상으로 중금속 농도의 차이가 번식 경과에 미치는 영향을 파악 하고자 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 서울지역의 비둘기의 알 내용물 및 성조의 뼈 조직 중 납 농도가 각각 평균 1.64 ug wet g-1, 29.5 ug wet g-1으로 안산 공단지역의 1.13 ug wet g-1, 10.5 ug wet g-1 보다 높게 검출되었고

도심 지역인 서울시청 부근과 공단지역인 안산 반월 공단지역 내에 서식하는 비둘기의 알,새끼, 성조를 대상으로 각 발달 단계에 따른 납과 카드뮴의 체내 축적 농도를 비교하고 각 지역의 오염 수준을 파악하고자 수행하였다 조사 결과, 납 및 카드뮴 농도는 뼈, 신장, 간, 허파 등 모든 조직에서 새끼보다 어미가 높았으며,특히 납은 뼈에서, 카드뮴은 신장에서 현저하게 높았다. 서울의 경우, 납 농도는 알보다 새끼의 뼈 조직에서 약 3배 높았고, 새끼보다 성조의

여천공단 주변 산림지역의 식물군집구조를 밝히고 13년간 변화를 파악하기 위하여 300m2 조사구를 27개소 설정하였다. DCA ordination분석 결과 곰솔군집, 곰솔-참나무류군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무-곰솔군집, 소나무군집으로 나누어졌다. 5개 군집의 천이경향을 살펴보면 곰솔-참나무류군집, 소나무-곰솔군집은 졸참나무, 상수리나무를 중심으로한 참나무류군집으로 변화될 것이며, 곰솔군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무군집은 현상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 5개 군집의 토양산도는 pH 4.38~4.61로 산성토양이었으며, 유기물함량, 치환성양이온(C a++, Mg++, K+)함량은 전국토양의 평균치보다 낮은 상태로 불량하였다. 13년간의 식물군집구조와 토양특성변화를 살펴보면 종수, Shannon의 종다양도, 최대종다양도에 있어 1983년보다 1996년이 높아졌으며, 토양특성도 동일한 경향이었다.

대산공단과 군산공단의 대기오염에 의한 삼림피해현상을 연구하기 위하여 조사구를 각각 5개, 3개씩 설치하였다(1개 조사구 당 면적 500m2). 대산공단 삼림의 교목층 아교목층의 우점종은 소나무와 곰솔이었고 관목층에서는 진달래와 참나무류가 우점종이었다. 종다양도는 0.4859~0.9202 이었으며, 조사구간의 차이가 심하게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.67~5.12로 약산성이었다. 대산공단지역에서는 아직 대기오염에 의한 삼림의 피해가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 군산공단삼림의 교목층 및 아교목층의 우점종은 곰솔과 소나무이었다. 종다양도는 0.8115~l.0983이었고 오염원과 가까운 조사구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 토양 pH는 4.32~4.76으로 강산성이었다. 군산공단의 오염원 인근삼림은 울산공단과 유사한 피해양상으로 심각한 피해를 받고 있었다.

대부분 경골어류의 성은 자웅동체이며, 생식소 분화시기에 결정된 형태학적 성이 일생동안 지속된다. 하지만 형태학적 성이 완성된 이후에도 외부환경요인 등에 의하여 자웅동체 또는 성의 교란이 나타나기도 한다. 경골어류의 성과 생식에 영향을 미치는 환경요인 EDCs(endocrine disrupting chemicals)는 생물의 내분비계 작용기작에 비정상적으로 작용하여 호르몬 생산, 분비, 이동, 대사, 결합작용 및 배설을 간섭하는 외인성 물질이다. 많은 연구자들은 EDCs가 androgenic effector나 estrogenic effector로서 각각 다른 기작에 의해 수서동물의 생식관련 내분비계를 교란시켜 성의 표현이나 기능을 변화시키는데, 이에 대한 가장 대표적인 biomarcker는 intersex라고 하였다(Ackermann et al., 2002; Metrio et al., 2003; Quinn et al., 2004). 본 연구에서는 우리나라 임해 공단지역에서 채집된 숭어, Mugil cephalus와 주둥치, Leiognathus nuchalis의 생식이상 및 체내 EDCs 축적도를 보고하고자 한다. 연구에서 이용된 숭어와 주둥치는 각각 2009년 7월 동해안 울산 온산 인근해역과 남해안 광양만 인근 해역에서 채집되었다. 채집된 개체들은 생식소를 적출하여 조직표본을 제작하고 Mayer's hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) 염색하였다. 성비와 intersex는 생식소표본 관찰을 통하여 구분하였으며, intersex는 반대 성의 생식세포가 관찰되는 경우만을 포함하였다. 어류 중 EDCs의 축적도는 ｢잔류성유기오염물질공성시험법 (환경부고시, 제2007-165호)｣ 및 ｢내분비계장애물질측정분석방법 (국립환경연구원, 2002, 5)에 준하여 분석하였다. PBDEs의 경우 고분해능 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석기 (HRGC/HRMS)법을 적용하여 분석하였다. 숭어와 주둥치의 성비와 intersexuality를 분석한 결과는 Table 1과 같으며, 체내 EDCs 6종류를 분석한 결과는 Table 2와 같다.

In this study, the characteristic of offensive major odorous compound from the Bon-San industrial complex in Gimhae were determined by analytical methods of Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The kind of major odorous compounds examined acetaldehyde, sulfur compounds, ammonia and styrene. The concentration of all odorous compounds at 3 sampling points of industrial complex were lower than those of regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The mean concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 0.0235 ppm at sampling point 2, it was higher than other sampling point. Complex odors was lower than regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea.

This research had been conducted from May to October 2007, studying 110 residents of G, Y, H industrial area in Jun-nam province. It is designed to understand the difference in levels of indoor, outdoor and personal exposure to VOCs(benzene, toluene, Ethylbenzene) and a health risk assessment was conducted to see if there was any fatal cause from carcinogenic or non - carcinogenic elements from a case group and a control group in all areas as well as each different area. In the case of benzene in the air, the geometric levels for the case group are indoor, outdoor and personal exposure; a higher than for the control group. As a results of the Monte - Carlo study about benzene, it shows that the case group’s carcinogenicity is higher than that of the control group and it also shows that, on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, all subjects are seen to exceed the carcinogenicity tolerance 10-6 of US EPA. In the case of toluene, ethylbenzene on the CTE, RME condition and Monte - Carlo analysis, these do not exceed the non - carcinogenic standard of 1, but toluene in RME condition for both groups’ personal exposure and the indoor and personal exposure of ethylbenzene in Monte - Carlo show that these seem to exceed the standard.

This study analyzed the concentration of the heavy metals(Cd, Hg, iAs) of urine(n=576) from May, 2007 to Oct 2007. The subject was residents in G, Y, H industrial area, Jeollanam-do, in which exposure due to the adjacency of the industrial complex. As to the heavy metal concentration in the urine of the residents in the whole exposed region and the comparing region, the content of cadmium, mercury, and inorganic arsenic in the exposed region group were 1.23, 1.85, and 8.80 μg/g_ct respectively, and those of the comparing region group were 1.87, 2.00, and 8.93 μg/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the concentration of the comparing group was higher than that of the exposed group. The heavy metal concentration for each age group increased in proportion to age except those under 10 for some substances(p<0.01). As to geometric mean concentration cadmium and inorganic arsenic in urine according to the smoking history of the subject, the concentration of the smoking group and the non-smoking group were 1.65 μg/g_ct and 9.13 μg/g_ct respectively, while those of the non-smoking group were 1.47 μg/g_ct and 8.91 μg/g_ct respectively, which indicates that the former is higher than the latter. As to the inorganic arsenic concentration in urine according to the food preference, in order of vegetable, fish, and meat showed high concentration (p<0.01). To clarify the factors affecting the heavy metal concentration in urine among the subjects, the multiple regression analysis was conducted. As a result, it turned out that as to cadmium content in urine, gender, age, drinking, and smoking have influence on the subjects, with explanatory adequacy of 37.5 %.

Development of an artificial neural network model was presented to predict the daily maximum SO2 concentration in the urban-industrial area of Ulsan. The network model was trained during April through September for 2000-2005 using SO2 potential parameters estimated from meteorological and air quality data which are closely related to daily maximum SO2 concentrations. Meteorological data were obtained from regional modeling results, upper air soundings and surface field measurements and were then used to create the SO2 potential parameters such as synoptic conditions, mixing heights, atmospheric stabilities, and surface conditions. In particular, two-stage clustering techniques were used to identify potential index representing major synoptic conditions associated with high SO2 concentration. Two neural network models were developed and tested in different conditions for prediction: the first model was set up to predict daily maximum SO2 at 5 PM on the previous day, and the second was 10 AM for a given forecast day using an additional potential factors related with urban emissions in the early morning. The results showed that the developed models can predict the daily maximum SO2 concentrations with good simulation accuracy of 87% and 96% for the first and second model. respectively, but the limitation of predictive capability was found at a higher or lower concentrations. The increased accuracy for the second model demonstrates that improvements can be made by utilizing more recent air quality data for initialization of the model.

5 public complaint areas against odor in Changwon Industrial Complex were selected and investigated to clear up the cause of the complaint. 16 companies operated in public complaint areas were visited and had a grip of their situation about odor generation and treatment. Two samples at it's site boundary of each company were taken to measure complex odor unit. Complex odor unit at the site boundary of investigated companies in the public complaint areas, for the most part, exceeded standard(odor unit 20) in industrial area. It was due to that this area was not designated as odor control region and that there are also many problems in current laws of Odor Protection Act, Air Quality Act and regional legislation. Accordingly, It will be necessary to revise the related legislation, to organize governance, to financially support the improvement of environmental facilities and to enforce guidance and the regulation rigidly for the odor emission reduction in Changwon Industrial Complex.

It will be necessary to make proper management plans to preserve the air quality in good level for the public. In order to make these plans, source information and detail emission inventories of the city and near industrial areas should be given. However, lack of the source measurements data makes us more difficult to complete the source inventory. VOC source inventory could be utilized for the feasibility study to estimate the contribution of VOC sources presenting to the receptor such as residential area. It may give policy maker an idea how to control the air quality, and improve their social environment in the area. This study shows data that measured VOCs concentrations from the local industrial areas in Jeonju during from May 2005 to January 2006. The samples were collected from the near sources in 7 major factories in the industrial park as well as 5 general sources in near city Jeonju area to elucidate the abundances of speciated VOCs and their spacial and temporal distributions depending on source bases. Industrial sources are as follows; chemical, food, paper, wood, metal, non-metal (glass), and painting (coating) industries. The 5 general sources are sampled from tunnel, gasoline gas station, dry cleaning shop, printing (copy) shop, and road pavement working place in urban area. To understand the near source effect at receptor, samples from the 2 receptor sites (one is at center of the industrial complex and the other site is at distance residential area downwind from the center) were collected and analyzed for the comparison to source concentration. The mass contributions of the speciated VOC to total mass of VOCs measured from the different sources and ambient (2 receptors) were presented and discussed.