최근 우리나라에서 벌채와 산사태의 연관성에 대한 논란이나 숲가꾸기의 효과에 대한 의문이 제기되면서 산림관리에 대한 중요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 그러나 국내에서 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 정량적 평가자료는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 이 연구는 수목 뿌리의 토양보강 효과에 대한 정량적 평가를 위한 연구주제와 방향성을 제언하고자 계량서지학적 분석을 이용하여 최근 30년(1990-2019)간의 국제·국내 관련 논문의 연구동 향을 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 국제 연구논문의 게재 편수는 증가 추세를 보였으며, 학문 분야와 연구영역이 다양화되어 있음이 확인되었다. 연구영역의 경우 수목 뿌리의 토양보강 메커니즘 규명(제1연구영역), 임분 조건에 따른 토양보강 효과 추정(제2연구영역), 수목 뿌리의 토양보강 효과를 고려한 사면안정성 평가(제3연구영역) 및 계안안정성 평가(제4연구영역)로 구분되었다. 이처럼 국외에서는 산사태 방지에 있어 산림생태계의 구조와 기능이 중요한 요소로 인식되었던 것으로 판단되었다. 반면, 국내 학술지는 제1연구영역과 제3연구영역만이 출현하여 상대적으로 기초적인 수준으로 확인되었다. 따라서 기후변화로 다변화되는 산림생태계의 산사태 방지 효과에 대한 정량적 평가를 위해서는 향후 다양한 수종뿐만 아니라 생육조건, 교란 이후 토양보강 효과의 변화를 규명하기 위한 제2연구영역과 관련된 연구가 활발히 수행되어야 할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

옥수수의 내습성은 우리나라 옥수수 재배면적 확대와 자급률 향상을 위해 고려되어야 할 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 내습성 옥수수 계통 개발을 위한 기초 연구로서, 토양의 표면침수조건에서 변화하는 옥수수 뿌리의 대사체를 분석하여 옥수수의 내습성 관련 생리 기작을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 우리나라 옥수수 유전자원(Zea mays L.)과 야생종 옥수수(Zea mays spp. parviglumis) 간 교배를 통하여 내습성이 향상된 계통을 개발했고, 그 중 19KT-32P를 유묘단계(V3)에 7일 동안 침수시킨 후 뿌리에서 발현되는 대사체를 탐색하고 분석하였다. 총 180개 대사체가 확인되었 고, 그 중에서 ℽ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, Ala 등 8개 대사체는 각각 2.5배 이상 발현이 증가 또는 감소하였다. 확인된 대사체는 식물에서 pH, 삼투압, K+/Ca++ 및 ATPase 활성을 조절하는 비생물적 스트레스와 관련이 있었다. 특히 가장 발현이 높은 GABA는 glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 효소에 의해 축적되며, 본연구에서 분석한 결과 10개의 유전자형이 확인되었다. 특히 첫 번째 엑손은 매우 보존적이었지만, 두번째 엑손부터 많은 SNP 다형성이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 내습성 옥수수 선발을 위한 분자마커로 활용되어 육종 효율을 높이는 좋은 수단으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Ppuri or Root technology primarily includes technologies such as casting, mold, plastic working, welding, heat treatment and surface treatment. It is regarded as an essential element for improving the competitiveness of the quality of final products. This study investigates the current status of smart factory implementation for Ppuri companies and analyzes the influencing relationships among various company factors. The factors affecting smart factory implementation for Ppuri companies are sales, exports, number of technical employees, and holding corporate research institutes. In addition, this research shows that even if smart factory implementation is pursued for data collection, data utilization is not implemented properly. Thus, it is suggested that the implementation of smart factories requires not only the availability of facilities and systems but also proper data utilization.

본 연구는 사면안정해석에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 잣나무, 낙엽송, 소나무, 신갈나무, 오리나무를 대상으로 교목류 뿌리의 인장력 및 인장강도를 측정 분석하였다. 그 결과 인장력은 대부분 뿌리 직경의 거듭제곱의 형태로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 뿌리의 평균 인장강도는 잣나무 165.38kgf/cm2, 낙엽송 172.78kgf/cm2, 소나무 176.25kgf/cm2, 오리나무 214.29kgf/cm2, 신갈나무 224.19kgf/cm2로 나타났으며, 뿌리의 직경이 커질수록 인장강도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 측정 분석된 인장강도를 기초자료로 토양의 전단강도 증가값을 산출한 결과 잣나무 0.099kgf/cm2, 낙엽송 0.104kgf/cm2, 소나무 0.106kgf/cm2, 오리나무 0.129kgf/cm2, 신갈나무 0.135kgf/cm2인 것으로 나타났다.

Root-knot nematode damage was found on yam, Dioscorea bulbifera in Andong Korea. From the root-knots, female nematodes were isolated and subjected to DNA sequence analysis. Sequence of cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅱ (COII) was analyzed from the genomic DNA of the isolate. COII locus size and sequence of the nematode isolate were similar to those of Meloidogyne javanica or M. incognita. However, an analysis of HinfⅠ restriction site, a species-specific character between these two species, showed that the isolate did not match to either M. javanica or M. incognita.

Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a traditional medicinal herb especially in Korea. It contains pyranocoumarins, which are major active components including decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA). This study was carried out to determine the change in active component content and antioxidant activity depending on the root diameter of AGN. Several processing steps are involved to use AGN roots as medicine. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root (MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. The recovery rates of each root parts per 100 ㎏ were measured as 32.3±2.5, 9.0±1.0, 39.3±2.1 and 15.0±1.0%, respectively and the mean diameters were measured as 51.95±4.55, 7.05±0.89, 2.88±0.49 and 1.57±0.32 ㎜. Two index components, D and DA, were analyzed. The change of both D and DA content showed a similar tendency. Both D and DA content were increased as the root diameter decreased (higher in TnR). In addition, antioxidant activity was higher in B and TnR, and lower in TkR and MR than control. This study showed that the thinner the root diameter, the higher the D and DA content in AGN roots and that TnR has excellent antioxidant activity compared to other root parts, suggesting that the thinner root part of AGN could be used as a potential material.

Background : Arctium lappa L., Compositae plant, has been consumed as a vegetable and beverage in China, Taiwan, and Japan for a long time. Several studies have reported for the burdock to include antioxidant activity, hepato-protective efficacy, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects, anti-microbial and antiviral activity. Thus, A. lappa is considered a promising plant for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and AIDS and due to the increasing evidence of functional compounds contributions over a variety of health beneficial properties the A. lappa has received increasing scientific interest. The primary aim of the present study was determined antioxidant activities and analysis of standard compound in A. lappa. Methods and Results : There were five different solvent conditions (100% water, 30% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, 100% EtOH), extract in the room temperature. Comparatively, 70% EtOH extract showed higher values of DPPH radical scavenging activity than others. As the increasing of EtOH percentage contents, we confirmed increase total phenol and flavonoid contents. The 2,4-di-tert- butylphenol as standard compound was detected by HPLC analysis based on the calibration curve: equation : Y = 8.17e + 003X – 1.43e + 005, R2 = 0.996227. The amount of standard compounds were similar in all each different solvent conditions, but not detected in water extract. Conclusion : These results showed that A. lappa could be used as potential materials of antioxidant, and should be need more study.

Background : Ginseng is an important agriculture plant in Korea. However, plant yield is reduced by pathogens. Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani are responsible for root-rot and replant failure of ginseng in Korea. Because of root rot pathogen, the productivity decreased and repeated cultivation is difficult. Methods and Results : The number of Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani in soils can be measured by real-time PCR. This methode makes it possible to select of land for caltivation of ginseng. The specific primers of C. destructans and F. solani were synthesized from β-tubulin region. The equation of the standard curve between the colony forming unit(cfu) and the Ct value in the C. destructans was y (Ct value) = -1.608X (cfu) + 39.325. The equation of the standard curve between the colony forming unit (cfu) and the Ct value in the Fusarium solani was y (Ct value) = -1.608X (cfu) + 39.077. This method makes possible to rapidly exactly measure the number of pathogens in soil. C. destructans, a ginseng root rot fungus, was detected in soil samples of 32 (16%) in soil samples. 35.5% of paddy field, 34.3% of paddy field, 64.1% of field, and 65.6% of paddy field were found in perennial plant. Conclusion : As a result, the major causative agent of ginseng root rot was Cylindrocarpon and the onset density was 102 cfu/g in soil. There was no significant difference in density between fusarium and disease.

Background : Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a perennial plant found in East Asian countries and an crucial medicinal herb especially in Korea. It contains several chemicals like pyranocoumarins, which are major active components including decursin (D) and decursinol angelate (DA), essential oils and polyacetylenes. This study was carried out to determine the change in active components depending on the root diameter of AGN. Methods and Results : Several processing steps are involved to use AGN roots as medicine. The dried AGN roots are divided into body (B), thick root (TkR), medium root (MR) and thin root (TnR) according to their diameter before cutting into medicine. Among them, B and TkR are mainly used as medicine. The mean diameter of dried each root part (B, TkR, MR, TnR) were measured as 51.95, 7.05, 2.88, and 1.57 ㎜, respectively. The water content of each root part was slightly reduced depending on the size of the diameter (higher in B). In addition, the two active components, D and DA, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The change of both D and DA content showed a similar tendency. Both D and DA content were increased as the root diameter decreased (higher in TnR). Conclusion : This study showed that the thinner the root diameter, the higher the D and DA content in AGN roots, suggesting that the thinner root parts of AGN could be used as potential materials.

Background: Rehmannia glutinosa is a perennial herb belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Its roots have been utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to elucidate the basic information of the roots of the R. glutinosa cultivars and their utilization. Methods and Results: The roots of R. glutinosa cultivars were harvested in the end of March. The two iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), whereas γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The aucubin content was the highest in the Dakang cultivar, whereas no aucubin was detected in the five cultivars. All cultivars had more than 12 ㎎/g catalpol content, and the maximum catalpol content was found in Jihwang 1. The GABA content was the highest in Suwon 1, and it was 40 times more than that in the Yeongang cultivar. Conclusions: The highest aucubin, catapol and GABA contents were detected in the Dakang, Jihwang 1, and Suwon 1, cultivars respectively. This study provides the crucial information regarding the versatile utilization and pedigree selection of R. glutinosa cultivars.

구릿대 뿌리의 생리적 기능과 이용 가능성에 대한 연구의 일환으로 일반성분과 환원당, 유리당, 무기질 성분 및 아미노산의 함량과 아미노산 유도체 등에 대하여 분석하였다. 일반성분 중에는 수분 함유량이 71.7%로 가장 높았으며, 탄수화물 10.6%, 조단백질 9.3%, 조회분 6.6%, 그리고 조지방이 1.9%로 나타났다. 환원당의 함량은 1,850 mg/100 g이었으며, 유리당의 총 함량은 80 mg/100 g으로 sucrose의 함량이 28.

RAPD 분석을 통한 marker선별과 건조약재의 비교, 그리고 내부형태 특징을 통해 당귀3종(種)을 구별할 수 있는 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 50개의 primer중 5개의 primer에서 당귀류 3품종을 모두 구별할 수 있는 특이적인 band가 나타났다. 2. 유연관계 분석에서 중국당귀와 일당귀가 참당귀보다 더 근연관계임을 알 수 있었다. 3. 신선한 잎과 건조된 약재에서 RAPD 재현성이 확인되어 RAPD 분석법을 통해 당귀감별에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 4. 뿌리 내부구조에서 중국당귀는 정상적인 2기사부와 2기목부에 덧붙여 일부 이상비대생장을 보였고, 일당귀나 참당귀의 도관절에 비하여 더 넓고 짧아 계통학적으로 훨씬 더 진화된 것으로 여겨진다. 5. 일당귀는 현저하게 두꺼운 코르크층이 발달한 반면 참당귀의 코르크층 아래에 5~7층의 후각세포층이 환상으로 발달하여 뚜렷한 대조를 이루었다.