We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named ‘Charmjon’, using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon’s mycelial growth was found to be 25°C, and its mycelial growth at 15°C and 25°C was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

Flammulina velutipesis a popular edible mushroom in South Korea, accounting for approximately 30% of the total mushroom export in the country. Despite its significant position in the domestic mushroom industry, approximately 65% of the cultivated F. velutipes are foreign varieties. To secure variety rights and enhance competitiveness in the export market, there is a need to develop domestic varieties with stable production and excellent shelf life. We focused on breeding a new variety called 'Baekwoon' through mon–mon crossing, using 'Baekseung' and an international collection strain (KMCC02260) as parents. Baekwoon exhibited faster mycelial growth rates at 15 °C and 25 °C and higher mycelial growth across four tested media compared to that of the control variety. Under bottle cultivation, Baekwoon had a mycelial cultivation period that was shorter by approximately 2 days compared to that of the control. The yield of Baekwoon was 228.0±10.9 g, 8.3% more than that of the control. Furthermore, Baekwoon displayed distinct morphological features characterized by a larger pileus and thicker stipe compared to that of the control variety. Genetic tests confirmed that Baekwoon is genetically different from both parental strains and the control variety. It is expected that the newly developed F. velutipes variety, Baekwoon, will be evaluated for its adaptation in different regions and actively promoted in the field, ultimately increasing the market share of domestic varieties.

본 연구는 신품종으로 등록된 길뚝사초 ‘설맥’의 형태적 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 조사방법은 양적특성과 질적 및 유사질적 특성으로 구분하여 재배시험을 실시하였으며, 양적특성은 독립표본 t-검증(Independent sample t-test)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 질적 및 유사질적 특성은 국제 식물 신품종 보호연맹(UPOV : International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants)에서 발행한 지침(TGP 8/1 PARTⅡ : 8)을 참고하여 균일성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 총 28개의 특성 중 10개의 특성에서 구별성이 있었으며, 8개의 특성에서 균일성과 안정성을 확인하였다. 양적 특성 결과는 일반종보다 엽신의 수와 크기 등 영양기관 부위에서는 작았고, 화경 소수의 수, 소수화수 암꽃 수 와 같은 생식기관에서는 많았다. 질적 특성은 잎 가장자리 세로의 노란 무늬가 명확하였다. 길뚝사초 ‘설맥’은 형태적으로 일반종과 다른 새로운 품종임을 확인하였으며, 왜성의 노란색 세로 무늬종으로서 조경의 관상용으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The development of automated bottle cultivation systems has facilitated the large-scale production of Pleurotus ostreatus, a commonly cultivated oyster mushroom species in South Korea. However, as the consumption of this product is decreasing and production quantities are exceeding demand, farmers are seeking various other mushroom types and cultivars. In response to this, we have developed a new oyster mushroom cultivar named 'Sena'. This high-yielding cultivar has a white pileus and excellent quality. The white oyster mushroom cultivars 'Goni' and 'Miso' were selected as parental strains from the genetic resources of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science’s Mushroom Division. By crossing their monokaryons, hybrids were developed and subjected to cultivation trials and characteristic evaluations to select the superior cultivar. The optimal temperature for 'Sena' mycelial growth is 25–30°C, with inhibition occurring at temperatures above 30°C, whereas the temperature for mushroom growth is 14–18°C. The mushrooms grow in clusters, with the white pileus having a shallow funnel shape. Optimal mycelial growth occurs in malt extract agar medium. When cultivated in 1,100 cc bottles, the 'Sena' cultivar had 35 available individuals, surpassing the number 16 available from the control cultivar 'Goni'. The yield per bottle also increased by approximately 157 g, a 24% increase over the control cultivar amount. When 300 g samples of harvested mushrooms were packed and stored at 4°C in a cold storage facility for 28 days, the weight loss rate of ‘Sena’ was approximately 4.22%, lower than that of 'Goni'. Moreover, the changes in pileus and stipe whiteness (measuring 6.99 and 8.33, respectively) were also lower than those of the control cultivar. Since the appearance of a white cap is crucial for quality assessment, the 'Sena' cultivar is superior to the 'Goni' cultivar in terms of both weight and quality after undergoing lowtemperature storage.

A new brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, referred to as ‘Asakgold,’ was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the “Geumhyang2ho” and “Garlmoe” varieties. The pileus color of the new variety is light brown and its shape is hemispherical. During bottle cultivation, the period necessary for mycelial growth was 40 days, 9 days for primordia formation and 15 days for fruiting body growth. The total cultivation period was 64 days, which was similar to that of the control variety “Yeoreumhyang1ho.” The pileus of the new variety was similar and the stipe was thinner and longer than that of the control. The number of valid stipes per bottle was 495, which was 37 % higher than that of the control (362), and the yield was 214 g, 16 % higher than that of the control (185 g). The -glucan content was 28.69 %, which was observed to be 1.6 times more than that of the control.

A new spore-less cultivar Lentinula edodes ‘Daedam’ was bred from monokaryotic strains of ‘LE15401-24’ and ‘LE192118-10’. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of ‘Daedam’ on potato dextrose agar was 22~25oC. Total cultivation period of the new cultivar, from inoculation to its first harvest, was 134 days, similar to that of the control cultivar ‘Hwadam’. Total yield of ‘Daedam’ was 222g per 3kg substrate, and was lower than that of control cultivar(266.0g). The fruiting body of ‘Daedam’ had a thick and small pileus and a longer stem compare to control cultivar. As a result of a analyzing the productivity of ‘Daedam’ on the different substrate types, the biological efficiency was 26.7% in the 1.2kg cylindrical substrate(CS), which was higher than that of the 3kg rod-type substrate(RS). 'Daedam' had a similar yield compared to 'Hanacham' in first fruiting body production, but the cultivation period was 40 days shorter. Therefore, 'Daedam' can only harvest fruiting bodies once, it is thought that it can be used as spore-less oak mushroom cultivar for short-term cultivation instead of 'Hanacham' in mushroom farms.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of the biased cultivation of certain mushroom varieties and to develop a competitive variety of Pleurotus nebrodensis. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and overseas varieties since 2015. We bred the domestic variety ‘Boram’. The optimal temperature was 26~29oC for mycelial growth and 15~18oC for fruit body growth temperature. This variety was similar to the control variety (Uram) in terms of the number of cultivation days and yield per bottle. The shape of the new cultivar was round, whereas that of the control group was spatula-like. The yield was 181.1 g/bottle, which was statistically similar to that of the control variety. When incubating the parent and control varieties, the replacement line was clear. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis of mycelial DNA resulted in different band patterns between the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

The oyster mushroom is a widely cultivated edible mushroom in Korea. It is a regionally specialized crop in Gyeonggi-do, where 68% of the national production is produced. The present study was conducted to develop a new, highquality cultivar with stable cultivation. ‘Manseon’ is a new variety of oyster mushroom suitable for bottle culture. It was produced by mating monokaryons isolated from ‘HB-18’ and ‘P15159-16’. The optimal temperature for ‘Manseon’ mycelial growth was 26–29 °C on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and for primordia formation and the growth of fruit bodies the optimal temperature was 18–19 °C on sawdust medium. Spawn running required 30 d, primordia formation required 4 d, and fruit body growth in the bottle culture required 4 d. Regarding the characteristics of the fruit bodies, the pilei were round and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white, and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield per bottle was 192.7 g/1,100 cc, which was 9% higher than that of the control strain (Suhan-1ho). The physical properties of springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of stipe tissue were 87.9%, 77.4%, 445.1 kgf, and 389.6 kgf, respectively.

A new dark brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, referred to as ‘Asakchoco’, was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the ‘Yeoreumhyang2ho’ and ‘Guemhyang2ho’ varieties. The pileus color of the new variety is dark brown and the stipe color is ivory, with uniformity from the upper section to the base. In addition, the primordia formation is uniform compared to that of the control, and the advantage of this is that the pileus does not become deformed after the primordia formation. During bottle cultivation, the period necessary for mycelial growth was 40 d, for primordia formation was 8 d, and for fruiting body growth was 16 d. The total cultivation period was 64 d, which was 2 d shorter than that of the control. The pileus was smaller and thicker and the stipe diameter was the same, but the stipe length was longer than that of the control. The number of valid stipes per bottle was 441, 24% higher than that of the control (357), and the yield was 197 g, 19% higher than that of the control (166 g).

밀은 세계 3대 주요 작물이지만 우리나라는 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 자급률이 1%도 도달하지 못한 실정이다. 국내 밀 품종은 40여 종 이상으로 지속적으로 개발되고 있으며, 품종마다 용도와 농업적 특성이 달라 목표 형질에 맞는 적절한 품종을 선택하여 재배하는 것이 중요하다. 품종을 정확하고 빠르게 판별하기 위해선 분자 마커 기술이 필요하다. 분자 마커는 생육 환경과 시기에 영향을 받지 않고 다양한 품종을 신속하고 정확하게 구분할 수 있어 유전적 변이성, 농업 형질 등을 분석하기에 유용하다. 본 연구는 기존에 보고된 국내 밀 32품종에 대한 SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) 판별 마커를 재검정하여 재현성이 높은 마커를 선별하였으며, 기존에 검정되지 않은 국내 밀 9품종에 추가 적용하여 비교분석하였다. 15개의 마커 세트 중 6개의 마커가 재현성과 정확도가 높은 것으로 확인되었고, 최종적으로 국내 41품종 중 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12번 마커를 이용하여 다홍, 금강, 밀성, 조은, 수강, 한백, 조광, 영광을 판별할 수 있었다. 또한, 4번 마커를 통한 증폭산물의 염기서열 분석을 통해 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)를 발굴하여 ‘올밀’에 대한 새로운 품종 판별 마커인 SdHRM1과 SdHRM2를 개발하여 HRM (High Resolution Melts) 분석을 시행하여 육안으로 판단하기 어려운 SNP를 정확하게 판별할 수 있었다. 품종간의 SNP를 활용한 품종 마커 기술은 다양한 농업형질에 적용할 수 있으며, 분자 육종 프로그램에 실질적인 도움이 되는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to breed a variety of stable productivity and high storage characteristics of white Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has high demand at domestic and global market due to a low bitter taste and the preference for white species. Accordingly, ‘Baekmaru’ was bred by hybridizing brown and white cap color species and backcrossing with white species. The ‘Baekmaru’ variety was bred by crossbreeding the brown and white species and backcrossing the white species. Through repeated cultivation of ‘Baekmaru’, a variety with a low contamination rate was selected when culturing the spawn for stable cultivation. As a results of demonstration test, the yield of ‘Baekmaru’ was 14% higher than that of the commercial variety. In addition, among the fruiting body characteristics of ‘Baekmaru’, diameter and thickness of the pileus were 16.43±15.27mm and 6.46±0.58mm, which were slightly higher than the commercial variety, and the hardness was 2.69±0.89N for the pileus and 3.09±0.89N for the stipe. The shelf life showed less change in thickness and color of pileus compared to commercial variety. The hardness of pileus of 'Baekmaru' was maintained in the range of 3.5 to 4.0N in the 4oC and 4oC and 20oC mixed treatment until 30 days of storage, and was higher than that of the commercial variety. Therefore, it was suggested to be excellent in storability.

To develop mushroom varieties for cultivating at low temperature on oak logs, a strain with a low fruiting body generation temperature was crossed with Di-mon to select for a line with excellent properties. Selection was followed by cultivation testing. From these studies, Heunghwa 1ho was identified. The optimum temperature for cultivating Heunghwa 1ho, was 13.3oC. The fruiting temperature range was 6.4~20.2oC, identical to that of the parent strain. Growth at 25oC for 7 days achieved optimal mycelial growth of 61.9±2.10 mm, superior to growth of the parent strain at this temperature. The cap shape of Heunghwa 1ho was convex, cap diameter was 57.8±8.31 mm, and cap color was brown. Heunghwa 1ho showed similar genetic traits to those of the parental strain. However, dry weight (20.1 kg/m3) and cap diameter and color are superior to those of the parent strain. The 3 year fresh oak mushroom yield was 113.8 kg/m3, superior to the respective yields of the parent strains JMI 10047 and JMI 90021 (92.5 kg/m3 and 66.4 kg/m3).

This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety ‘Yunseul’ with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22–25oC and 15– 18oC, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of biased cultivation and to pursue the diversification of mushroom items. We focused on developing Sparassis latifolia varieties with a short cultivation period, stable pinheading, and a high yield. We have collected and determined the characteristics of genetic resources domestically and abroad since 2016. We bred the unique domestic variety, “Hanyeoul” and the results of this study are as follows. The optimal temperatures for mycelial growth and fruit body growth were 22~25oC and 19~21oC, respectively. The color of the pileus was pale-yellowish white, which was similar to the color of the control variety, “Neoul”. The number of days required for cultivation was 125 for bottle cultivation and 98~102 for bag cultivation, which was shorter than the number of days required for the control variety. Bottle cultivation took 39 days shorter for the new variety than the control variety. The fruiting body of the new variety was similar in size or larger than that of the control variety. The pinheading rate was more than 90% in bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, which was more stable than pinheading in the control variety. The yield was 79.1 g/bottle (1,100 cc) for bottle cultivation, which was 22.6% higher than the yield of the control variety, and 641.1~689.5 g/bag (2.6 kg) for bag cultivation, which 5.8~10.4% higher than yield of the control variety.

This study was conducted to reduce the phenomenon of the biased cultivation of certain mushroom varieties and to develop a competitive variety of Grifola frondosa. We developed the first Korean white commercial mushroom strain, ‘Bakyeon’, by crossing monokaryons derived from brown strains. We have collected and tested the characteristics of mushrooms from domestic and international genetic resources since 2018. We bred the unique domestic variety, ‘Bakyeon’, which has the following characteristics. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25~28oC and the optimal temperature for fruit body growth was 16~18oC. The new variety was similar to the control variety (Daebak) in terms of the pileus, which formed a pine cone shape, and the number of days of cultivation. The yield was 94.1 g/bottle, which was 23% lower than the 108.5 g/bottle yield of the control variety. When incubating the parent and control varieties, the replacement line was clear. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis of mycelial DNA resulted in different band patterns between the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

본 연구는 다양한 결실기로 육성한 산초나무 5개의 신품종(한초 915호, 한초 930호, 한초 10호, 한초 1020호, 한초 1030호)에 대해 잎과 가시의 형태적 특성을 조사하여 비교하였다. 조사는 질적 특성과 양적 특성으로 구분하여 실시하였으며, 양적 특성은 일원배치 분산분석(One-Way ANOVA)과 Scheffe의 다중검증(Scheffe's multiple range test)으로 품종 간 차이를 확인하였다. 또한 요인분석을 이용하여 조사한 특성의 기여도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 잎 길이에서는 유의한 차이를 확인하지 못했으나, 정소엽의 거치 수, 소엽의 수, 가시의 크기에서 품종 간 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 요인분석도 유사한 결과를 확인 하였다. 또한 비가중평균결합(Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages) 군집분석을 수지도(dendrogram)로 확인한 결과, 한초 1020호와 1030호가 근접하고, 한초 915호와 930호가 근접하였으나 개화기와 결실기에서 뚜렷한 차이로 품종이 구분되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.