The study was aimed to investigate the operational meal costs by kindergarten size in Seoul and to analyze recognition for optimal meal prices. A survey (31.6% recovery rate) was conducted on all kindergartens (779 kindergartens) in Seoul on April 2021 using descriptive analysis, t-test, and dispersion method. A price sensitivity measurement (psm) method was used to determine optimal meal prices. Result showed an average food cost for kindergartens of 2,647 won, an average labor cost of 605 won, an average operating cost of 146 won, and the total meal cost of 3,506 won. Total meal cost decreased with increasing kindergarten size (p<0.001). On the other hand, kindergartens with more students decreased the ratio of food cost to total meal cost, and operating cost and labor costs (p<0.001) increased. The optimal price of kindergarten operators' meal cost (OPP) was KRW 3,673. Furthermore, the analysis showed the sensitivity of operators' meal costs to kindergarten size was insignificant.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the operators' perception of the allowable price range and the optimal price of kindergarten meals by using the PSM (price sensitivity measurement) technique and provide basic data on calculating kindergarten meal costs reflecting realistic meals. From April to May 2021, 779 kindergartens in Seoul were surveyed, based on 246 (31.6%) of the respondents. According to the survey, kindergarteners spent 3,506 won for meals on average, followed by 3,822 won for kindergarten attached to elementary school, 3,316 won for public kindergartens, and 2,896 won for private kindergartens (p<0.001). The allowed price range for the kindergarten meal service workers was estimated at 3,447~3854 won, 3,447 won for PMC (Point of Marginal Cheapness), and 3,854 won for PME (Point of Marginal Expensiveness). The appropriate cost of the kindergarten meal service provider was 3,950 won for kindergartens attached to elementary school, 3,425 won for public kindergartens, and 3,546 won for private kindergartens.

본 연구의 목적은 지역아동센터의 원예활동 프로그램 인식과 운영현황을 조사하여 향후 지역아동센터 원예활동 프로그램 발전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 충청남도 천안시에 위치한 지역아동센터 소장을 대상으로 2018년 2월 26일부터 2018년 3월 9일까지 방문, 이메일, 전화를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문을 통해 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 통계 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 다중응답분석을 실시하였다. 설문조사를 한 결과, 천안시의 지역아동센터 중 원예활동 프로그램을 실행해 본적이 있는 곳은 49%, 실행해보지 않은 곳은 51%로 나타났다. 실행해 본 적이 있는 곳 중 3개월 이상 프로그램을 진행한 센터는 40%에 불과했으며 주 1회, 1시간으로 복지원예사가 진행하였다. 지역아동센터에서 원예활동 프로그램을 시행하지 않은 가장 큰 이유는 ‘예산’이었다. 인지도를 살펴보면, 응답자 중 96.1%가 원예활동 프로그램이 필요하다고 생각하였으며 56.9%가 원예활동프로그램에 매우 관심이 있다고 답하였다. 원예활동 프로그램의 실행으로 지역아동센터가 아동에게 기대하는 효과로는, 정서안정과 사회성 발달에 도움이 될 것이라는 의견이 높게 나타났다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 보았을 때, 많은 소장이 원예활동 프로그램에 관심은 많지만, 일회성 프로그램으로 인식한다고 생각되어 원예활동 프로그램에 대한 정확한 이해와 교육이 필요하다고 사료되며, 앞으로 지역아동센터에서 프로그램을 진행할 때 ‘정서적 안정’과 ‘사회성 향상’을 목적으로 ‘주 1회’로 지속적인 운영을 할 수 있도록 지역아동센터의 예산확보와 원예활동에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요하다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this research was to suggest a category and level of national examination for dietitian's license and provide basic data for the development of national examination question by analyzing the current states on the curriculum of national examination for the dietitian's license and correlation with the current states on curriculum and national examination for the dietitian's license. The higher the current states on curriculum, the lower absentee rate and failing rate of the national examination for the dietitian's license. The higher the current states on curriculum, the higher pass rate of the national examination for the dietitian's license. Also, the current states on curriculum were positive relationship with correct answer rates. The higher the educational system, the higher the current states on curriculum. The educational system was negative relationship with the current states on curriculum of ‘public health’, ‘advanced nutrition’, ‘food science’, ‘principles of culinary’, and ‘food sanitary law (p<0.05)’. The correct answers rates of ‘institutional foodservice’ were significantly positive relationship with the current states on curriculum of ‘institutional foodservice (p<0.01)’, ‘foodservice organization (p<0.01)’, ‘food sanitation (p<0.05)’, and ‘practice in foodservice institutions (p<0.01)’. The pass rate was significantly positive relationship with the correct answer rates of ‘institutional foodservice (p<0.01)’, ‘physiology (p<0.01)’, ‘biochemistry (p<0.01)’, ‘food sanitary law (p<0.01)’, ‘food science and preparation (p<0.05)’, ‘nutrition education (p<0.01)’, ‘nutrition (p<0.01)’, and ‘total score (p<0.05)’.

This thesis analyzed the performance assessment's operating actuality, several problems, and teachers' opinions in the middle and high school based on the 7th curriculum, which was announced in 1997, commenced in the first graders of the elementary school

With the increasing prevalence of e-learning courses in higher education, it is important to investigate how the courses are being run and examine students’ perceptions of e-learning courses to provide an optimal learning environment. An end-of-course, summative evaluation and log files in an e-learning system were used in order to describe the characteristics and students’ perceptions of three e-learning English courses in a university. The section of background information in the evaluation showed that the majority of the students taking the courses are seniors, majoring in humanities and social sciences. Factors were found to influence students’ satisfaction with the courses such as use of various multimedia, interactions between instructor and students, and among students, and instructors’ evaluation of students’ achievement. A post-hoc analysis showed evidence significant differences existed by course. These findings of the study suggest that quality assurance is an issue in setting and managing e-learning English courses, which are expected to grow rapidly in a near future due to students’ increasing need for e-learning.

ISO 9000 quality standards families were established in 1987 and have been started to implement Korean industry since early 1990s. ISO 9000 standards families of 1987 were revised in 1994 and 2000, respectively, by request of world wide certification bodi

The purposes of this study were to (a) measuring attitude and satisfaction of Yonsei university students towards contracted vs. rented university foodservices, (b) determine university students' overall satisfaction & perception regarding the factors improved towards university foodservice and (c) provide recommendation on marketing strategies for university foodservices. Questionnaires were hand delivered to 600 Yonsei University students by designated coordinators. A total of 549 questionnaires were usable; resulting in an 93% response rate. The survey was conducted between October 12 to October 18, 1995. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS Programs for descriptive analysis, T-test, χ2-test, ANOVA, Factor Analysis and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Performance mean score for contracted foodservice management in terms of food, menu, price, hygiene, facilities was higher than for rented foodservice management. 2. The average satisfaction score for contracted foodservice management in terms of price was lower than for rented foodservice management. There was no gap between contracted foodservice management and rented foodservice management in overall satisfaction score and price satisfaction score. 3. Perception regarding the factors improved of thirteen factors to be improved except operating hours, waiting time, price, food quantity were perceived as better by students. 4. Perception regarding the factors improved have correlation with foodservice qualify attribute's performance. 5. According to multiple regression analysis, 92.05% of the variance in respondents' satisfaction score could be explained by procedure after meal, purchasing procedure, operating hours, availability of breakfast, waiting time, atmosphere, price, facilities, service endeavor to survey satisfaction in foodservice, availability of kitchen and wall space, portion size, taste of food, change of cafeteria name, the number of seats, and variety of menu.

The aim of this study on analysis of curriculum of high school Earth Science is; 1) To investigate whether experiment and observation unit are properly organized. 2) To provide useful materials for reorganization of Earth Science curriculum in future. 3) To suggest that the curriculum be operated properly in the era of 2000s. This study reaches the conclusions which are as follows; 1) After classifying the course of experiment and observation, we have found it difficult to help the students inquiry learning for they are organized only to be explained by teacher on the purpose of passing entrance exam. 2) It is difficult to help students make an experiment because of laboratory's lack. So it is necessary for the education authority to require the situation and to support its system actively. 3) Lack of experimental equipments and classroom schedule for experiment make it difficult to make an experiment in most schools(For example 89.1 % of the whole school lack implement, 52.7% lack prepared hours, 73.6% perform less than 5 hours a week). 4) It is not proper to divide the curriculum into Earth Science(I) and Earth Science(II). Most of teachers tell that the teaching material is somewhat difficult for the students to understand and the quantity of those is too much(80.9%). 5) Those who study liberal course are inclined to choose Biology(82.7%) and those who study natural science, Chemistry(76.4%) or Biology(79.1). In most high school they are forced to run curriculum unfairly on account of this present condition.

This study was carried out to examine the improvement plan by analyzing the characteristics of imported wastes, operation rate, and benefits of energy recovery for incineration facilities with a treatment capacity greater than 50 ton/ day. The incineration facility capacity increased by 3,280 tons over 15 years, and the actual incineration rate increased to 2,783 ton/day. The operation rate dropped to 76% in 2010 and then rose again to 81% in 2016. The actual calorific value compared to the design calorific value increased by 33.8% from 94.6% in 2002 to 128.4% in 2016. The recovery efficiency decreased by 29% over 16 years from 110.7% to 81.7% in 2002. Recovery and sales of thermal energy from the incinerator (capacity 200 ton/day) dominated the operation cost, and operating income was generated by energy sales (such as power generation and steam). The treatment capacity increased by 11% to 18% after the recalculation of the incineration capacity and has remained consistently above 90% in most facilities to date. In order to solve the problem of high calorific value waste, wastewater, leachate, and clean water should be mixed and incinerated, and heat recovery should be performed through a water-cooled grate and water cooling wall installation. Twenty-five of the 38 incineration facilities (about 70%) are due for a major repair. After the main repair of the facility, the operation rate is expected to increase and the operating cost is expected to decline due to energy recovery. Inspection and repair should be carried out in a timely manner to increase incineration and heat energy recovery efficiencies.

The purpose of this study is to draw implications and critical success factors by surveying and analysing practice cases of green care in south Korea. To achieve the object of this study, many valuable cases were checked through preceding researches and internet informations. Case study targets were divided into side-work farmer type, professional farmer type, and Institution directed type, and then case study surveys were performed by each type. Every case has the natural environment in common, and tries to satisfy users’s demands and to give the opportunity to communicate. Especially, the strong motivation, mind, and entrepreneurship of operators are very important factors for green care. If the development of government supporting policies and related education programs are accompanied with lots of potential such as Korean oriental medicine, rural tourism village, and sixth industry project, it will be possible to introduce and manage green care successfully.

The comprehensive rural village development projects (CRVDP) have been carried out as the core one of the rural development schemes in Korea since 2004. CRVDP included the various rural experience programs to increase rural income and in order to promote rural community development in the project area. This study analyzed the operating management conditions, types and characteristics of the rural experience programs targeting the 168 CRVDPs have been completed so that the recommendations and lessons which were found the usefulness, challenges and improvements to the CRVDP can be provided to be better the same kinds of rural development projects. We identified the relationships between performances such as increasing village income and utilization of rural amenity resources to the CRVDP and operational management types of the rural experience programs as well. Employing principle component analysis and cluster analysis technique, this study found 5 clusters of rural experience programs among 168 CRVDPs. The results of analysis of variance indicated that there were significant the mean differences between clusters such as the utilization of rural amenity resources(0.01), income of rural experience programs(0.1). According to the result of the Chi-squire test, there was very significant differences between internet homepage operation and clusters(0.01). Finally, the analysis of covariance about the income of rural experience programs showed that there were significant the mean differences between clusters(0.05).

근래 세계 각국에서는 기존의 항로표지와 선박자동식별장치(AIS)를 혼합한 형태의 항로표지용 AIS를 도입하여 해상 상태 및 위치 등의 정보를 수집 전달하는 방식의 시스템을 구축하고 있다. 우리나라 역시 국제 동향에 맞춰 항로표지용 AIS를 채택하여 활성화시키는 단계에 있다. 그 중 서해안은 해양교통 환경이 매우 빠르게 변화하고 있는 곳으로, 현재 인천 및 대산 해역에 항로표지용 AIS 시스템을 설치하여 운영하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 항로표지용 AIS 시스템의 국내 표준을 구축하기 위한 목적으로 현재 항로표지용 AIS 시스템을 운영 중인 두 해역의 운영 실태를 분석하고 그 개선안을 마련하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 국제 항로표지용 AIS 관련 규정 및 국외의 항로표지용 AIS 시스템 구축 사례를 조사하고 관리조직모듈, 구성모듈, 정보모듈, 기능모듈 및 협력모듈의 5가지 모듈을 나누어 두 해역의 운영 실태 분석 및 개선안을 제시한다. 그 개선안은 시스템 관리 구조 불일치 개선, 다수의 항로표지용 AIS 정보표시로 인한 관리자 및 이용자의 정보 혼란 해소, 불필요한 정보 수신 문제 개선, 항로표지용 AIS의 수신불능 등 기능상 문제 개선, 항로표지용 AIS 정보의 비활용도에 대한 개선 등이다.

본 연구는 교사의 승진경쟁 완화 및 교수활동 리더십 강화를 위해 2008년 3월부터 시범운영 되고 있는 수석교사제 실태를 분석하여, 제도 개선을 위한 시사점을 도출하는 데 목적을 두었다. 수석교사의 자격, 역할과 위상, 근무여건과 처우, 활동 저해 요인 등의 항목을 중심으로 실태를 분석하기 위해 전국 16개 시․도에서 선발된 172명의 수석교사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 분석 결과, 수석교사의 평균 연령과 교육경력은 각각 50.1세, 26.3년으로 교감보다는 낮으나 비교적 고연령, 고경력 층인 것으로 나타났고, 수석교사가 수행하는 역할 가운데 교내 장학, 교내 연수, 수업 기술개발 등이 두드러졌으며, 자신의 지위를 부장급 정도로 인식하고 있었다. 근무여건 및 처우에 있어서는 60%이상이 별도 공간이 없었고, 주당수업시수는 초등 20시간, 중등 15시간으로 많은 편이었다. 수석교사의 수업감축으로 인한 추가 수업부담은 동료교사들에게 전가되었고, 업무추진을 위한 추가 수당은 거의 지급되지 않는 것으로 나타나, 전체적으로 근무여건과 처우가 열악한 것으로 드러났다. 초등의 경우 과다한 수업 부담, 중등의 경우 관리직과의 갈등이 수석교사의 활동을 가장 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 수석교사제의 성공적 도입과 정착을 위해 시사점을 줄 수 있는 자격 요건, 역할과 위상에 적합한 제도 정비, 처우 개선 등을 중심으로 몇 가지 제언을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the situations of farm stay and visit's perceptions in rural Korea. The data were collected by questionnaire and case study, and obtained from 104 visitors, 104 host farmers, 104 village people in twenty two rural villages from September 20, 2002 to November 21, 2002 and analyzed by SPSS WIN 10. The statistical method was crosstabulation and chi-square. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the priorities of government policy for farm stay were to build the physical infrastructure such as village road and parking lot, to help farmers make relations with urban people, and to provide the learning opportunities for their business. Second, the main barriers for farm stay were the deficit for improving their facilities. And the income within their farm stay has been low at government policy village. Third, most of host farmers liked to make relations with their village people. The priorities of their relations were to improve natural and social environment of their villages, to develop the special brands, and to manage village tourism programs.