국내 농업 분야 비산먼지의 배출계수와 활동도 자료는 국내의 환경조건(풍속, 습도 등)과 농업 의 특성을 반영하지 않고 미국의 인벤토리 체계를 그대로 적용해 왔다. 이 연구에서는, 활동 자료 중 하나 인 시간 해상도는 풍속 및 건기일수 적용을 통해 월별 배분계수를 도출하여 지역별로 시간 해상도를 향상 시켰고, 공간 해상도는 시·군·구에서 동과 리로 세분화하여 지역별로 공간 해상도를 향상시켰다. 이 연구를 통해, 지금 존재하는 농업분야의 비산먼지의 배출량, 활동도 자료의 개선에 중요한 자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Senior citizens are reported to be highly sensitive to environmental pollutants, including fine particulate matter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of fine particulate matter concentrations in town halls and senior citizens’ halls, where senior citizens typically spend a lot of time. The results of this investigation will serve as fundamental data for conducting indoor air quality studies and establishing a regional environmental health policy governing senior citizens’ facilities in Yeongwol county in the future. From January 4 to February 1, 2017, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 170 seniors’ facilities located in Yeongwol county were measured. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that were measured from each seniors’ facility chosen from Yeongwol county were 25.1 ± 18.9 μg/m3and 12.5 ± 9.3 μg/m3 respectively. Average concentrations and the average of maximum concentrations were lower than the living space standard of 100 μg/m3 for PM10 and the atmospheric environment standard of 50 μg/m3 for PM2.5, which were set by the Ministry of Environment for populations vulnerable to environmental pollution. As a result of analyzing the sources in seniors’ facilities in Yeongwol county during the winter months, it was found that indoor sources of air pollution such as cooking is main sources rather than outdoor sources of air pollution.

이 연구는 1930년대 경성의 조선인과 일본인의 주거지와 공업활동을 분석한다. 1930년대는 한반도의 공업화가 집중적으로 진행되는 시기로 경성은 당시 공업화의 핵심공간이었다. 이 연구는 경성공업의 공간적 분포를 조선인과 일본인의 두 민족으로 구분하여 분석한다. 특히 기존의 근대 한국의 인문·사회적 공간현상에 대한 연구가 정성적 접근에 제한된 바, 이 연구에서는 근대 데이터를 정량화하여 공간통계적 분석법을 적용하였다. 연구 결과 경성은 민족에 따른 주거지 분화가 명확하게 나타났으며, 이러한 주거지 분화는 주요 민족 별 공업 분포에도 반영되었다. 하지만 공업의 공간적 분포는 민족 별 주거지 분화 뿐만 아니라 지가 등 다른 많은 요소들의 영향을 받았음을 알 수 있다. 이 연구는 근대 역사 자료에 대한 정량적인 분석을 시도한 것으로 학문적인 의미가 있다.

본 연구는 지하철 로비공간을 대상으로 한 주시실험을 통해 공간정보의 본능적 시선탐색과정에서 나타나는 주시특성에 나타난 주사경로 알고리즘을 분석하였다. 주시기간 구간별 분석에서 주시시간이 오래 경과할수록 주 사유형 횟수가 증가하고 있었는데, 오래 주시할수록 주시단절이 많이 일어난 것으로 해석이 가능하며, 주시에 따 른 피로나 활발한 탐색이 자연스러운 공간탐색과정에서 일어나는 과정에서 화상범위를 벗어나는 경우가 많았던 것으로 보인다. 또한 시간구간의 변화에 따른 주사유형의 변화를 추세선으로 살펴본 결과, ｢집중｣은 시간구간의 증가와 함께 가파른 증가, ｢대각․수직｣은 완만한 증가를 보이는 반면, ｢순환․혼합․수평｣은 감소 경향을 보이 고 있다. 공간을 주시한 피험자의 주시데이터에는 다양한 시각정보가 포함되어 있는데, ｢주의집중｣에 나타난 주 사유형을 분석한 결과, 이상과 같은 의미 있는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 이러한 주사유형의 증감특성은 시간의 경과에 따른 주사경향을 파악함에 있어 기초자료가 될 수 있다.

An elementary school is an important public place for children and it is where they spend most of their days. Ten elementary schools of environmental pollutants were measured in the classroom, playground and school zones (June 19 ~ Nov 1, 2012). Dust measurements of some schools were more indoor air. Measurements of black carbon concentrations were higher overall school zones. Also, in the case of formaldehyde, benzene and some environmental standards were exceeded. In the case of outdoor pollutants not statistically significant, but in some cars and vans that were correlated with pollutants. Thus, strategies and actions are necessary that will protect the health of children in schools from environmental pollutants.

The objective of the present study was to estimate the health risk level for children exposed to phthalate and identify the pathways including indoor floor dust, surface wipe and hand wipe in elementary-schools and institutes. The samples of indoor place were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 46 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods. Hazard Index (HI) were estimated for the non-carcinogens and the examined phthalate were diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP). Risk analysis indicates that did not exceed 0.01 (HI) for all subjects in all facilities it's 50^th % and 95^th % value. For DEHP, DnBP and BBzP their detection rates through multi-pathways were high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk on exposure to volatile organic compounds This study was assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) exposure in young children at elementary-schools and academies in Korea. The samples were collected at children's facilities (50 elementary-schools and 42 academies) in summer (Aug ~ Sept, 2008), winter (Dec 2008 ~ Feb, 2009) and Spring (Mar ~ Apr, 2009) periods, and analyzed by GC-MSD. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of benzene and the hazard quotients (HQs) of non-carcinogens toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and styrene. In addition, for carcinogens, the excess cancer risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding cancer potency factor (CPF) and age dependent adjust Factor (ADAF) from the data in adults. The average ECRs of benzene for young children were 1×10^-7~1×10^-9 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities.

This study assessed the health risk of trace elements in indoor children-facilities by multi-pathway measurements (Air, Dust, Wipe, Hand washing). The samples of indoor place were collected at various children's facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds) in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007) and winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) periods, and analyzed by ICP-MS. The lifetime Excess Cancer Risks (ECRs) were estimated for carcinogen trace elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Ni. For carcinogens, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) was calculated by considering the process of deciding Cancer Potency Factor (CPF) and Age Dependent Adjust Factor (ADAF) of the data of adults. Both Hazard Quotients (HQs) and Hazard Index (HI) were estimated for the non-carcinogens and children sensitivity trace elements like Cd, Cu, and Cr. The average ECRs for young children were 1×10^-10~1×10^-6 (50%th percentile) level in all facilities. Non-carcinogens and Children's sensitivity materials did not exceed 1.0 (HQs, HI) for all subjects in all facilities. For trace elements their detection rates through multi-pathways were not high and their risk based on health risk assessment was also observed to be acceptable. In addition, through education on the risk of multi-pathway exposure of trace elements for managers of facilities as well as for users the risk control of exposure of children.

본 연구의 목적은 구성주의 이론에 기초한 물리적 지식활동 중 던지기 활동이 유아의 문제해결력과 공간능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 있다. 연구대상은 경기도 S시에 소대한 두 개의 초등학교 병설유치원에 재원중인 만 5세 유아 40명이며 12주 동안 24회 실시하였다. 연구도구는 유아의 문제해결력을 알아보기 위하여 Tegano, Sawyer와 Moran(1989)의 유아 문제해결력 검사에 기초하여 안경숙(1992)이 사용하고 장경혜(1994)가 수정, 보완한 검사도구를 사용하고 유아의 공간능력을 알아보기 위하여 홍혜경(2001)의 공간능력검사도구를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과 구성주의 이론에 기초한 물리적 지식활동 중 던지기 활동은 문제해결력의 하위요소인 문제의 발견 및 진술, 문제 해결에 대한 결론짓기와 공간능력의 하위요소인 눈-운동 협응, 공간적 추리, 시각적 기억 및 회상하기에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 구성주의 이론에 기초한 물리적 지식활동 중 던지기 활동은 유아의 문제해결력과 공간능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다고 볼 수 있다.

본 연구는 빠른 속도로 발전하는 멀티미디어 정보 환경 중에서도 미국 방위산업체 정보기관의 감시 카메라 속 특정 인물을 색출하는 작업 상황을 가정으로, 사용자가 방대한 영상 데이터 기록물들 가운데 원하는 정보를 한 눈에 분석하고 검색해 낼 수 있는 효율적이고 만족스러운 멀티미디어 검색 환경에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 첫 번째 실행된 실험에서 CAVE형 가상현실 공간 인터페이스를 검색환경으로 제안하고 데스크톱과 CAVE형 공간 인터페이스를 비교 평가하였다. 이 실험에 사용한 콘텐츠는 각 과제에 최적화되어 개발된 소프트웨어들과 데이터베이스를 사용하였다. 두 번째 실험은 CAVE형 가상현실 공간 인터페이스에서 검색의 효율을 높여주는 입력시스템에 대한 연구를 실행하였다. 특히, 인간의 움직임에 보다 가깝게 디자인되어 자연스럽게 조작할 수 있도록 설계된 제스처 입력시스템을 중심으로 CAVE형 가상현실 인터페이스에 적합한 3가지 입력시스템을 사용하여 검색 후 각 과제들에 대한 선호도와 만족도를 측정하였다. 또한 각 과제별 검색 수행 시간을 측정하여 효율성 높은 입력시스템을 분석하였다.

본 연구는 명화감상과 연계된 확장활동이 유아의 공간능력에 영향을 미치는가를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 만 5세 유아 39명을 실험집단(20명)과 통제잡단(19명)으로 하여 12주간 12회의 실험처치가 이루어졌다. 실험집단 유아들에게는 명화감상과 연계된 확장활동을 처치하였고, 통제집단에는 생활주제에 따른 유치원 일과운영에 따라 활동을 이행한 뒤 사전-사후 검사에서의 증가분에 대한 집단 간 차이 검증을 하였다. 연구 결과 명화감상과 연계된 확장활동은 유아의 공간능력 하위요소 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Obesity affects various kinds of adult diseases and is a principal cause of injuring people's health. Physical activities are very important to solve the obesity problem and green spaces are good place to take physical activities. In order to examine the utilization of green spaces for physical activities to improve health, the survey was implemented in regards to recognition of health, forms of use of green spaces for physical activities. Only 8.1% of respondents didn't care about health, but 91.9% of them were interested in health more than ‘commonness’. 95.2% of respondents knew that obesity has an effect on various adult diseases, and 93.1% of respondents cognized that it's possible to prevent obesity by doing physical activities. More than half of respondents replied that the types of green spaces utilized for physical activities were small-scale neighborhood parks and mini parks around house. About 70% of respondents took walking as a type of physical activities. 53% of respondents utilized green spaces one or two times a week, while 25% of them utilized the places at least three times a week to take physical activities. 91.8% of respondents took exercise for more than 30 minutes. These results are expected to promote health because many experts encourage people to take physical activities at least three times a week because fats of human body begins to burn after 30 minutes from start of physical activities. In the utilizing time of green spaces, evening or after work(56.7%) was higher than morning or before work(35.1%). 71% of respondents usually visited green spaces by walking. This study shows green spaces are good places for physical activities and have boundless potentialities improving people's health.

The purpose of this study is to verify the result of the previous studies and to clarify the types and activation factors of maintenance activities of the naturally favorable water space through the participation of residents in rural areas, through a further survey of the area proposed as a program in the existing study review and previous study related to the participation of residents. The survey was conducted through the survey of 1,242 households and 1,335 persons intended for Japanese rural areas. The study result is summarized as follows. The types of the maintenance activities in the areas intended for the survey have been classified into 'rural type' and 'combination type' through the analysis results by the references like the comparison analysis, job percentage and main utilization purpose of facilities for each type of maintenance and operation activities. In case of the 'rural type' area, residents were doing maintenance activities centered on the group activities rather than personal maintenance activities. Also, the activities of maintenance & operation group members were more active than non-members, and the water-friendly utilization to the facilities was not directly affecting the maintenance activities of residents. In case of the 'combinational type' area, there was no common characteristic according to each area, and the participation percentage in the maintenance activities was low compared with the 'rural type' area. According to the analysis result based on the participation degree of personal maintenance activities, the repair of facilities as a naturally favorable water space, implementation of projects reflecting the opinions of residents, educational programs conducted in order to motivate the participation of residents, etc. have been analyzed as the factors affecting the activation of maintenance activities of residents. Through the above results, for continuous maintenance activities to be made with residents as a main body in the future, it is necessary to support maintenance groups on an administrative level and procure experts for the production and operation of programs that can increase the participation percentage of residents.

For the purpose of finding correlation between the characteristics of the rural residents and the maintenance activities of naturally favorable waterside spaces, this paper has conducted a research with the focus on the three model case regions in Japan. The methods of the research included surveys, interviews, and documents. The research confirmed that the three regions in focus have characteristics distinct from one another. The rate of participation in group activities was high in a region, with members that belong to groups most active in the maintenance activities. Reasons for their participation included: to manage the local area themselves; and to promote cooperation and friendships among the residents. This proves that participation in the maintenance activities has also attributed to the formation of close communities in the regions. According to the analytic conclusion of the factors related to participation, the residents' experience to have been involved in a professional education program which induces communal participation, acted more as the major factor than the individual ones.

본 연구는 공간시각화 활동에서 교사개입을 적용한 실험집단과 비교집단 유아의 수학적 문제해결능력의 차이에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 도구는 수학적 문제해결능력 검사로 Ward(1993)가 제작한 것을 황정숙(1996)이 번안한 것을 사용하였으며, 공간시각화 활동에는 탠그램 활동과 패턴활동을 포함하였다. 교사개입은 한은숙(1996)의 7가지 유형을 5가지 유형으로 재구성하여 사용하였다. 연구결과 유아의 수학적 문제해결능력은 공간시각화 활동에서 교사개입이 적용된 실험집단이 비교집단보다 더 증진되었다.