In this study, the types of thermal breakers applied to structures to prevent thermal bridges were identified. Condensation prevention performance was evaluated for apartment houses with standard floor structures to which a thermal breaker was applied. In addition, the effect of thermal cross-blocking was compared by calculating the total heat and equivalent U-value through the wall. (1) As a result of the evaluation of anti-condensation performance, when “가” grade insulation was applied, the surface temperature increased by about 1K due to the application of the thermal breaker. The TDR value increased by about 0.06 to 0.07. When "나" grade insulation was applied, the minimum surface temperature increased by about 1K, and the TDR value increased by about 0.05~0.06. (2) As a result of the evaluation of total heat and U-equivalent, it was possible to reduce the total heat by 38.5~44.9% and U-equivalent by 38.5~45.0% for the "가" grade insulation to which the thermal breaker was applied. In addition, the "나" grade insulation to which the thermal breaker was applied can reduce total heat by 38.9 to 43.6%, and reduce the Uequivalent by 38.9 to 43.7%.

Various surface colors are predicted and implemented using the interference color generated by controlling the thickness of nano-level diamond like carbon (DLC) thin film. Samples having thicknesses of up to 385 nm and various interference colors are prepared using a single crystal silicon (100) substrate with changing processing times at low temperature by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The thickness, surface roughness, color, phases, and anti-scratch performance under each condition are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, colorimeter, micro-Raman device, and scratch tester. Coating with the same uniformity as the surface roughness of the substrate is possible over the entire experimental thickness range, and more than five different colors are implemented at this time. The color matched with the color predicted by the model, assuming only the reflection mode of the thin film. All the DLC thin films show constant D/G peak fraction without significant change, and have anti-scratch values of about 19 N. The results indicate the possibility that nano-level DLC thin films with various interference colors can be applied to exterior materials of actual mobile devices.

Load carrying capacity(LCC) can be reduced from its design value as a result of film thickness change when a journal is misaligned and some part of bearing is unintentionally translated. In this study, the numerical solution of the incompressible Reynolds equation was obtained by using the finite difference method and mass conservation algorithm (JFO boundary condition) with periodic pressure distribution in circumferential direction to analyze the change of LCC due to journal misalignment and step change of film thickness in axial direction for a journal bearing of vertical pumps. Smallest LCC in each eccentricity ratio is obtained as two angular positions are changed – an angular position where misalignment occurs, and another angular position where the axial step takes place while the degree of misalignment is fixed at 90%. Compared with the reaction force of plain journal bearing, the LCC reduced as much as 26.7% due to geometric effects of journal bearing at the eccentricity ratio of 0.9, while the step height is no higher than 0.1 times of bearing clearance.

Background: The characteristics of lateral epicondylitis (LE) are muscle strength weakness and increased common extensor tendon (CET) thickness. Ultrasonography has recently been used to evaluate tendinopathy. Diamond taping (DT) is commonly used to manage patients with LE. However, no previous studies have investigated the effects of DT on CET thickness. Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DT applied around the lateral elbow on CET thickness, grip strength, and wrist extension force in healthy subjects. Methods: The subjects were 26 adults (13 male) in their twenties. First, the CET thickness was measured at rest. The CET thickness was measured by using ultrasonography at two points. The subjects were then instructed to perform maximal grip activities or maximal wrist extension activities before and after DT around the lateral elbow. The DT technique was applied using non-elastic tape. While the subjects performed maximal grip activities, the investigator measured the maximum grip strength (MGS) and CET thickness. Likewise, while the subjects performed maximal wrist extension activities, the investigator measured the maximum wrist extension force (MWEF) and CET thickness. Results: The MGS showed a statistically significant improvement after DT taping application in men (p < 0.05). The MWEF showed a statistically significant improvement after DT application in male (p < 0.01) and female (p < 0.05). When performing the activities, the CET thickness increased compared to that at rest. However, CET thickness didn’t show a statistically significant improvement before and after DT. Conclusion: This study shows that DT applied around the lateral elbow is effective in improving MGS and MWEF. However, it does not affect CET thickness.

In this study, the structural analysis was carried out according to the structure of lumber support. For the optimal design of the automotive lumber support, It was examined which one was most stable among three models A, B, and C. As the result of structural analysis, all three models showed the greatest deformations at the wire portion of the lumber support, and model A showed less equivalent stress and deformation compared with models B and C. As model A showed the lowest equivalent stress and deformation among all models, model A was shown to be the model with the excellent strength. This analysis established the stable design by comparing models A, B and C. Also, It is thought that this study result can be highly utilized at the seat design of real automobile.

본 연구에서는 종결정 크기, 종결정 코팅양, 수열 용액 숙성시간을 조절함으로써 분리층 두께가 제어된 모데나이트 제올라이트 분리막을 제조하고, 분리층 두께가 투과증발 물 투과유속에 미치는 영향을 90 wt.% 에탄올 수용액에서 고찰 하였다. 유성 밀을 이용해 종결정을 분쇄시켜 20~30 nm 크기의 종결정을 제조하였고, 진공여과코팅 중에 종결정 용액의 농도와 통과된 양을 바꿔주면서 코팅양을 조절하였다. 제조된 분리막은 분리층 두께가 얇을수록 더 높은 물 투과유속을 나타내었으며, 약 4 μm 두께를 갖는 분리막의 경우, 760의 높은 물/에탄올 선택도와 1.0 kg/m2h의 높은 물 투과유속을 나타내었다. 이는 나노크기 종결정을 사용하여 4 μm 두께로 분리층을 얇게 만들었기 때문으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구로부터 종결정의 크기와 진공여과 코팅양, 수열 용액 숙성시간을 조절하는 것은 분리 층의 두께를 효과적으로 조절할 수 있는 방법임을 알았 다. 또한, 모데나이트 제올라이트 분리층의 두께를 얇게 하는 것이 분리막의 물 투과유속을 증진시키는 중요한 방법임을 확인 하였다.

목적 : 임신이 각막 두께에 미치는 영향에 관한 문헌들을 선별하여 연구의 특성을 파악하고 메타분석을 통해 효과 크기를 확인하였다. 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 국내·외 데이터 베이스에서 검색어를 ‘임신’, ‘각막 두께’, ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Pregnant women’, ‘Pachymetry’, ‘Corneal thickness’하였으며, 연구 종류와 언어에 제한을 두지 않았다. 결과 : 총 7편의 문헌이 선정되었으며, 임신 전과 임신 중 각막 두께 변화에 대한 효과 크기는 1.013[95% CI: 0.743~1.282]이며, 각막 두께가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 임신 중과 출산 후 각막 두께 변화에 대한 효과 크기 는 -0.539[95% CI: -0.746~-0.332]이며, 각막 두께가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 임신으로 인해 각막 두께에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 임신 전, 후 각막 두께가 변화할 수 있으므로 콘택 트렌즈 피팅 시 세심한 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) causes morphological changes in muscles, reduces muscle strength, endurance and flexibility, negatively affects lumbar stability, and limits functional activity. Plank exercise strengthens core muscles, activates abdominal muscles, and improves intra-abdominal pressure to stabilize the trunk in patients with CLBP. Objects: We investigated the effect of plank exercise on abdominal muscle thickness and disability in patients with CLBP. Methods: We classified 33 subjects into 2 groups: An experimental (n1=17) and a control group (n2=16). Patients in the experimental group participated in plank exercise and those in the control group participated in stretching exercise. Patients in both groups attended 20-minute exercise sessions thrice a week for 4 weeks. Abdominal muscle thickness in each subject was evaluated ultrasonographically, and disabilities were assessed using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: Four weeks later, abdominal muscle thickness showed a significant increase over baseline values in both groups (p<.05). Patients in the experimental group reported a more significant increase in the thickness of the external oblique muscle than that in the control group (p<.05). ODI scores in the experimental group were significantly lower after intervention than before intervention (p<.05). Conclusion: Plank exercise increases the thickness of the external oblique muscle and reduces disability secondary to mild CLBP. Therefore, plank exercise is needed to improve lumbar stability and functional activity in patients with mild CLBP.

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is characterized by pain and limited range of motion in the jaw. TMD patients generally prefer to chew on the unaffected or less-affected side, and this tendency often results in asymmetries in masseter muscle thickness and range of mandibular motion. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the asymmetries in masseter muscle thickness and range of mandibular motion in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorders. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects were divided into two groups: A TMD group (n1=19) and a control group (n2=20). The jaw opening range and laterotrusion were measured using a digital vernier caliper. The masseter muscle thickness was examined in both the resting state and the maximal clenching state using ultrasonography. The absolute asymmetry indices calculated based on the laterotrusion and masseter muscle thickness of the respective right and left sides. A two-way ANOVA and a Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Results: No significant different was found in the masseter muscle thickness between the TMD and control group. A significant difference was found in the absolute asymmetry indices of mandibular laterotrusion between the TMD and control groups (p<.05). Furthermore, the ranges of jaw opening were significantly different between males and females (p<.05). The absolute asymmetry index values of masseter muscle thickness at rest and during maximal clenching were also significantly different between males and females (p<.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the subjects with TMD had a larger degree of asymmetry in laterotrusion than those without TMD. Therefore, a physiotherapy program needs to be designed to restore normal laterotrusion capacities for TMD subjects. These results also showed that female subjects had greater absolute asymmetry indices in masseter muscle thickness than male subjects. Therefore, more training is needed to promote bilaterally balanced chewing among women.

목적: 굴절이상별 세 그룹으로 분류한 우리나라 아동들의 안축장과 빛간섭단층촬영(OCT)로 측정한 황반두께, 망막신경섬유층두께 사이의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환이 없고 안과관련 수술 경험이 없는 아동 67명(134안)을 대상으로 원시, 정시, 근시 그룹으로 분류하였다. 황반부와 망막신경섬유층두께는 Cirrus HD-OCT를 이용하여 측정하였고, 안축장은 IOL Master를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 안축장은 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 길게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 중심부황반의 두께는 근시, 정시, 원시그룹 순서로 두껍게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 주변부황반부는위쪽, 코쪽, 아래쪽부분에서 근시그룹이 가장 얇았다(p<0.05).황반의 중심부 두께는 안축장과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.283, p<0.05). 주변부 황반의 두께는 모두 안축장과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 귀쪽망막신경섬유층두께(Temporal RNFL Thickness)는 근시그룹이 가장 두꺼운 결과를 보였고,안축장과통계적으로 유의한 양의상관성이 나타났다(r=0.39, p<0.05). 위쪽과 코쪽, 아래쪽의 망막신경섬유층 두께는 안축장과 모두 음의 상관성을 나타냈다. 코쪽 부분의 두께는 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(r=-0.23, p<0.05). 결론: 본 연구를 통해 우리나라 소아들의 OCT로 측정한 망막의 황반부의 두께, 망막신경섬유층의 두께와 안축장은 근시의 정도가 높을수록 안축장의 길이가 더 길게 측정되었으며, 굴절이상별 세 그룹에서 나타나는 차이점을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 막 결합형 축전식 탈염공정에서의 이온교환막의 두께와 탈착간의 관계를 규명하기 위하여 진행하였다. APSf/SPEEK 양, 음이온교환고분자를 합성하여 시판되는 탄소전극에 직접 캐스팅하여 이온교환막이 결합된 탄소전극을 제조하였다. 양, 음이온교환고분자를 캐스팅 하지 않은 것, 1회 캐스팅, 2회 캐스팅한 것으로 탈착시험을 하였다. 탈착 조건은 –0.1, -0.3, -0.5, -1.0 V로 하였으며 100 mg/L의 NaCl 수용액을 공급액으로 하여 완전 흡착을 한 다음 증류수로 공급액을 변경하여 완전탈착이 될 때 까지 관찰 하였다. 이온교환막의 두께가 두꺼워질수록 완전탈착까지 걸리는 시간이 증가하였고 높은 전위의 탈착 전압에서는 막의 두께가 탈착에 그다지 큰 영향을 끼치지 않는 것을 확인하였다.

In this work, measured data from thickness gauge behind of the finishing mill stand was used for increasing accuracy of thickness control in plate rolling process. The Automatic Gauge Control (AGC) system of the mill could control roll gap for the remaining rolling passes based on the difference between measured and calculated thickness. This work was possible with some modification in software product system to use measured data without additional installation of equipment. As a result, the accuracy of thickness has been increased up to 31%. The accuracy of thickness control was defined as a standard deviation of the differences between target and measured final thickness of average.