This work focuses on the fabrication of excellent magnetic structures for trapping breast cancer cells. Micromagnetic structures were patterned for trapping cancer cells by depositing 30 nm of permalloy on a silicon substrate. These structures were designed and fabricated using two fabrication techniques: electron beam lithography and laser direct writing. Two types of magnetic structures, rectangular wire and zig-zagged wire, were created on a silicon substrate. The length of each rectangular wire and each straight line of zig-zagged wire was 150 μm with a range of widths from 1 to 15 μm for rectangular and 1, 5, 10 and 15 μm for zigzag, respectively. The magnetic structures showed good responses to the applied magnetic field despite adding layers of silicon nitride and polyethylene glycol. The results showed that Si + Si3N4 + PEG exhibited the best adhesion of cells to the surface, followed by Si + Py + Si3N4 + PEG. concentration of 5-6 with permalloy indicates that this layer affected silicon nitride in the presence of Polyethylene glycolPEG.

Background: A breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide and among different types of breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis. Methods: We investigated the potential of ginsenoside compound K (CK), an active ingredient in the bio-transformed ginsenoside, to be used as a therapeutic ingredient by examining the effects of CK on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer-related gene expressions in breast cancer cells. Results: From the results of treating MCF-7, an ER and PR-positive breast cancer cells, and MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) with CK at a concentration of 0-100 μM, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for each cell were 52.17 μM and 29.88 μM, respectively. And also, it was confirmed that cell migration was inhibited above the IC50 concentration. In addition, fluorescence analysis of Apoptosis/Necrosis showed that CK induced apoptosis rather than necrosis of breast cancer cells. Through qPCR, it was confirmed that the expression of genes related to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest was increased in CK-treated breast cancer cells, and it acted more effectively on TNBC. However, the expression of genes related to tumor invasion and metastasis is also increased, so it is necessary to consider the timing of application of CK as a potential therapeutic anticancer compound. Conclusions: CK showed a stronger inhibitory effect in TNBC with poor prognosis but considering the high tumor invasion and metastasis-related gene expression, the timing of application of CK should be considered.

유방암수술은 환자의 생존율을 높이지만 환자의 수술부위 통증, 상지근육의 변 화나 불균형 등의 체형변화뿐 아니라 재발에 대한 두려움, 자아존중감 저하와 우 울, 불안, 분노, 스트레스 등의 심리적 증상마저 유발할 수 있다. 그래서 유방암환 자를 위한 심신중재 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 이 프로그램의 1~3회기에는 단 축되거나 긴장된 부위의 자각훈련과 호흡훈련으로 구성되는 경견완부위 통증유발 점 스트레칭 요가체위가 실시된다. 4~8회기에는 통증유발점의 긴장부위를 자각하 는 훈련과 체형유지를 위한 주요근육을 강화하는 요가체위가 실시된다. 유도된 심 상 프로그램의 1~3회기에는 호흡과 신체자각, 심장박동소리듣기, 빛 명상이 실시 되고, 4~7회기에는 통증부위 빛 명상이 심화되며, 마지막 8회기는 임종명상으로 마무리된다. 유방암환자의 몸통 및 상지근육의 변화와 그에 동반되는 통증을 경감 시킬 수 있는 요가와 유도된 심상법으로 구성되는 자연치유요가 심신중재 프로그 램 개발을 위한 본 논문의 사례연구는 고유수용감각 훈련과 내수용감각 훈련을 설계하는 데 유용하다. 유방암수술을 받고 이 프로그램에 참가한 환자의 목과 어깨통증은 경감되었고 근육 밸런스는 회복되었으며 수술 후 방사선치료 등을 받으 며 느낀 공포와 불안감은 감소되었고 삶의 질이 향상되었으며 죽음에 대한 인식 도 변했다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of emulsion-type chicken breast sausages containing black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) powder. The chicken breast and BSFL powder were added at various mixing ratios (C:chicken breast 56% and BSFL powder 0%, 1%:chicken breast 55% and BSFL powder 1%, 2%:chicken breast 54% and BSFL powder 2%, 3%:chicken breast 53% and BSFL powder 3%). The pH, moisture content, and water holding capacity of the sausages increased with the powder amount. In the instrumental color evaluation, the L* and b* values were significantly different among the samples (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in a* value (P>0.05) with the amount of powder added. Volatile basic nitrogen and acid value tended to increase with the amount of BSFL powder. The total phenolic content tended to increase, but the value of IC50 according to DPPH radical scavenging decreased as the amount of powder increased. This study concluded that BSFL powder can be used in meat products processing as a substitute for meat protein and may also improve antioxidant activity.

본 연구는 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말의 첨가량에 따른 닭 가슴살 소시지의 품질특성에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말 첨가 유화형 닭고기 소시지와 첨가하지 않은 대조구 간의 일반성분 차이는 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말 첨가량에 따라 명도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말의 높은 pH가 육제품의 pH를 상승시켜 가열감량은 감소시키고 보수력은 증가시키는 긍정적인 영향 을 보였다. 유화형 소시지의 물성 중 경도에서 흰점박이꽃 무지 유충 분말 첨가구가 대조구 보다 높은 값을 나타내 조직감에 변화를 주었으며, 자유라디칼 활성도와 총 페놀 함량은 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말의 첨가량에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말의 우수한 항산화 활성이 육제품에서도 발현이 가능 하며 기능성 첨가물로서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 분말을 활용 한 기능성 소시지 제조 또한 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

유방조직 확장기(BTE)는 MR 금기로 분류되고 있으나 이전 연구들에서 제한적인 조건에서 MRI 검사가 가능함을 발표하였다. 본 연구는 미국재료시험 협회에서 권고하는 변위력과 토크뿐 만 아니라 뒤틀림을 측정하여 MR 안전성을 평가하였다. 3.0 T MRI 장치와 350 ㎖, 650 ㎖ BTE를 사용하였다. 변위력은 자기장이 가장 큰 지점에서 측정 기구에 BTE를 매달고 발생된 최대 변위각을 3회씩 측정하였다. 토크는 원형 용기에 생리식염수를 단계적으로 채운 BTE를 놓고 자기장에 의해 발생된 회전력을 45˚ 간격에서 정성적으로 측정하였다. 뒤틀림은 생리식염수를 최대로 채운 뒤 자성 밸브의 뒤틀림 각도를 포켓 경사계를 이용하여 두부, 어깨, 유방, 간, 골반이 중심일 때 유방 위치에서 각각 측정하였다. 측정 결과 변위각 은 350 ㎖의 경우 0 ㏄, 150 ㏄에서 각각 125˚, 54.3˚, 650 ㎖은 0 ㏄에서만 123.3˚로 MR 금기 기준을 초과했다. 토크는 350 ㎖의 경우 모두 +4로 측정되었고, 650 ㎖의 경우 450 ㏄ 생리식염수 미만에서는 모두 +4, 550 ㏄ 이상에서는 +1∼+4로 나타났으며, 일부를 조건을 제외하고 모두 MR 금기 조건을 초과했다. 뒤틀림은 350 ㎖의 경우 5˚∼80˚ 를 나타냈으며. 650 ㎖는 15˚∼90˚를 나타내어 환자에게 통증 유발 가능성을 확인했다. BTE의 변위각, 토크, 뒤틀림을 측정하여 MR 금기로 평가하였으며, 어떠한 조건하에서도 MR 환경에서 환자의 안전을 보장할 수 없다.

본 연구의 목적은 무인기 정사영상 정보를 활용하여 초미세 고해상도 3차원 공간 모델을 구축하고, 구축된 모델을 이용하여 개체목의 수고와 흉고직경을 추정하는 기술을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경상북도 봉화군 일대 잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 무인기 정사영상을 촬영하였으며, SfM 기술을 이용해 촬영영상에 대한 3차원 수고 모델을 추출하였다. 유역분류 알고리즘을 이용해 개체목을 선별·추출하였고, 개체목별 수관면적에 따른 흉고직경을 추정하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 추출된 수고모델과 현장에서 측정한 수고는 평균 제곱근 편차에서 1.492m (R2 = 0.3401) 차이를 보였으며, 오차율이 가장 적은 수고모델 추출 방법은 지형분석지점 사양이 각도 20°, 이격거리 1m, 격자크기 60m 이었다. 개체목 추출율은 75.4% 이었으며, 수고가 높은 우세목의 추출율은 85.2% 이상이었다. 추출된 개체목의 수관면적과 흉고직경의 상관성은 두 변수 사이에 유의 수준(P<0.01)에서 상관관계가 있었으며, 적합도 77.05% 수준에서 수관면적이 커질수록 흉고직경도 증가하는 추세를 확인할 수 있었다.

Our objective of this study is to design and develop a polyethylene glycol ( PEG2000)-modified multiwall carbon nanotube (PEGylated MWCNT) formulation for oral controlled metronomic chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Multiwall carbon nanotubes undergo various chemical modifications including oxidation with strong acids, conjugation of polyethylene glycol, and coating with cellulose acetate phthalate which resulted in the formation of aqueous dispersion and prevention of drug degradation in acidic environment. Advanced analytical procedure such as Fourier transform infra-red, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques were used to evaluate physicochemical characterization. We also performed in vitro cytotoxic study by MTT assay and results revealed that carboplatin-loaded PEGylated MWCNTs did not show significant detrimental effect on the viability of MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cells. The maximum encapsulation and drug-loading capacity were determined to be 71.58 ± 0.04 and 39.62 ± 0.07%, respectively. The release of carboplatin from PEGylated MWCNTs was investigated at simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), pH 6.8, after optimizing at simulated gastric fluid (SGF), pH 1.2, by enteric coating. Enteric-coated PEGylated MWCNTs exhibit pH-responsive drug activity in a sustained manner especially at pH 6.8. This surface modification strongly suggests that PEGylated MWCNTs could be a potential carrier for metronomic chemotherapeutic agent for high drug resistance, drug with maximum adverse effect and poorly oral bioavailable drugs.

This study examined the quality characteristics of chicken breast emulsion-type sausages manufactured with different contents of Zanthoxylumschinifolium (Z.S.) powder (0, 1, 2 and 3%). The changes to the samples upon inclusion of Z.S. powder were monitored by measuring the proximate composition, pH, color, cooking yield, viscosity, texture profile analysis and protein solubility. The sausages manufactured with increasing amounts of Z.S. powder showed a decrease significantly in fat content (p<0.05), whereas the ash content increased. The pH of the cooked samples also decreased significantly with the increasing content of Z.S. powder (p<0.05). Before and after cooked lightness significantly decreased as the Z.S. powder content increased (p<0.05). The redness of the cooked samples also increased significantly with an increasing amount of Z.S. powder (p<0.05). Samples that contained 2% and 3% of Z.S. powder resulted in a significantly larger cooking yield compared to the control sample and the one containing 1% of Z.S. powder (p<0.05). The viscosity of the uncooked samples also increased with increasing amount of Z.S. powder. Furthermore, the samples containing 3% of Z.S. powder showed significantly lower levels of hardness and springiness than the control sample (p<0.05). In addition, the sample with 3% of Z.S. powder contained showed significantly higher total protein and myofibrillar protein levels than the other samples (p<0.05). Overall, the 3% of Z.S. powder chicken breast emulsion-type sausage performed well in most quality characteristic categories, and this formulation would be suitable for use in food manufacturing.

목적 : 유방암 환자의 자기효능감과 사회적 지지 및 지역사회참여 정도를 알아보고 작업치료중재 프로그램 개발의 기초선을 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 H군에 위치한 병원에 외래로 방문하는 유방암 환자 40명을 대상으로 자가보고형 설문지를 배부하였고, 유방암 환자의 자가관리에 대한 자기효능감(Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-Management of Breast Cancer; SESSM-B), 사회적 지지(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; MSPSS) 그리고 한국판 지역사회 참여 지표(Korean-Community Participation Indicator; K-CPI)를 측정하였다. 결과 : 자기효능감은 3.70±.38점, 사회적 지지는 3.49±.66점이었다. 지역사회 참여 정도는 주관적 특성 을 반영한 참여권 문항은 3.27±.65점이었다. 객관적 특성을 반영한 20개 활동들에 대하여 참여 빈도와 중요성을 알아본 결과 가장 중요하게 생각하는 활동은 가족과 시간을 보내기, 요리나 집안일을 하기 그 리고 취미나 여가활동에 참여하는 것이었다. 하지만 낮은 참여 빈도를 보였다. 각 변수간의 상관성을 알아본 결과 사회적 지지는 자기효능감(p<.01)와 지역사회 참여에서 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다(p<.001). 결론 : 유방암 환자의 사회적 역할, 관계 등을 고려한 작업치료 중재 프로그램의 개발과 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Purpose: Breast cancer survivors(BCS) have memory, attention, processing speed, and/or executive function impairment affecting their quality of life(QOL) and function. Study aims were: (1) compare computer-assisted cognitive training with visual exercises to one with audio+ visual exercises, and (2) gain insight into the relationship between engagement in meaningful activities, cognitive deficits and QOL. Methods: This pilot study used an experimental design with 24 women. Pre and post measures assessed working memory, perceived cognition, QOL and engagement in meaningful activities. Results: Treatment effects were not significant for working memory or engagement in meaningful activities. Visual group participants scored significantly better on perceived cognitive function posttest test(M = 91.62, SD = 21.75) than pretest(M = 74.48, SD = 29.00), p = .010 and significantly higher on QOL posttest(M = 6.42, SD = 1.27) than pretest(M = 5.60, SD = 1.76), p = .004. Pretest perceived cognitive function was significantly associated with pretest(ρ = .617, p < .001) and posttest(ρ = .436, p < .05) QOL. Conclusion: Computer-assisted cognitive training with visual exercises appears to improve perceived cognitive function and QOL for BCS. A positive relationship exists between perceived cognitive function and QOL.

To extend the shelf-life of chicken breast meat, samples were treated with gel-packs containing slow-released ClO2 gas at 7-15 ppm for 8 days at 4℃. And the changes in lipid oxidation and taste compounds of the samples were investigated. TBARS value of the chicken breast was slightly increased during storage. TBARS value of gas treatments was similar to the control during storage. There were 14 fatty acids in the chicken breast. And there was no change in the fatty acid composition during storage, and there was no significant difference between the control and gas treatments. The content of free amino acids was gradually increased during storage. The content of free amino acids were not significantly different between the control and gas treatments during storage. The content of GMP in the control and gas treatments were decreased during storage. However, gas treatments showed slightly higher content than that of control. AMP was not significantly different between the control and gas treatments. IMP gradually decreased during storage and the content of inosine and hypoxanthine was increased. IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine contents of gas treatment were similar to control, but the control tended to change more rapidly than those of gas treatments.

To prolong the shelf-life of chicken breast meat, samples were treated with gel packs containing slow-released chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas at 7~15 ppm for eight days at 4℃. The microbial, physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of the treated samples were investigated. The total number of bacteria in the control increased during storage and showed 6.78 log CFU/g on the 8th day of storage, but ClO2 gas treatments showed 6.24~6.58 log CFU/g at the same time. The initial pH of chicken breast meat was 6.00 and gradually increased during storage. And ClO2 gas treatments did not show any significant difference from the control during storage period, but maintained a generally lower pH than that of the control. The lightness, redness, and yellowness during storage were not significantly different between the control and the 7~10 ppm ClO2 gas treatments. However, as the storage period was increased, the redness of 15 ppm ClO2 gas treatment was reduced. The cooking loss and shear force were not different between the control and ClO2 gas treatments during the storage period. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) increased in the control from the 6th day of storage and 23.80 mg% in the 8th day of storage. However, VBN of ClO2 treatments showed lower than that of the control. In the change of sensory evaluation during storage, 10 ppm ClO2 treatment showed the highest preference in odor, appearance and overall acceptance during storage period.

This study investigated the nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, and food intake frequency according to hospitalization after breast cancer surgery and experience of breast cancer among female adults residing in the Bucheon area. Subjects were 52 female breast cancer survivors 27 in the hospitalization group (HG) and 25 in the non-hospitalization group (non-HG)] and 52 controls. Data included the results of self-administered questionnaires, as well as anthropometric data and blood biochemical values of breast cancer survivors collected from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 program. Nutrition knowledge and dietary habits revealed no significant differences between HG and non-HG, but intake frequency of root and tuber crops and kimchi was significantly higher in the HG group than the non-HG group (p<0.05). According to experience of breast cancer, total scores of nutrition knowledge among survivors (8.2) were significantly higher than those of the control group (6.3) (p<0.001). Fish and shellfish and fruit intake frequencies were significantly higher in the survivors group, whereas intake frequency of fast food, convenience food, and alcohol was significantly lower compared to the control group. Overall, these findings indicate it is necessary to develop and spread nutrition education guidelines to prevent the occurrence and recurrence of breast cancer.

목 적 : 유방 MRI검사에서 회전 자장(B1)의 불균일성은 코일의 중심에 검사부위가 없고 우측과 좌측으로 나뉘어진 유방의 해부학적 구조의 영향을 많이 받는다. 또한 환자의 유방과 유방사이, 유방과 코일사이의 air-gap이 증가할수록 B1의 불균 일성도 증가하여 영상의 화질을 저하시킨다. 그러나 최근 유방암 환자의 증가에 따라 비대칭유방 환자 및 편측유방 등 small breast 환자들이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자체 제작한 phantom과 다양한 B1 calibration scan parameter를 이용하여 small breast에서 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변화에 대한 평가와 영상화질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 검사 대상으로는 Invivo사의 breast phantom과 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하였다. 장비 사에서 권고하는 B1 calibration parameter가 최적의 조건을 나타내는지 평가하기 위한 대상으로 breast coil을 가득 채우는 Invivo사의 breast phantom을 사용하였고, 자체 제작 phantom을 이용하여 small breast일 때 최적의 B1 calibration parameter를 확인하였다. 연구에 사용된 장비는 Philips INGENIA 3.0T(Philips medical system, Netherlands)이고, 신호수집 코일은 16channel Breast coil을 사용하였다. 연구방법은 B1 calibration scan parameter 중 slice thickness(두께)를 5, 8, 12, 15, 20 mm로 Flip angle(FA)을 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 degree로 변화시켜가며 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상을 획득하였다. 정량적 평가로 획 득한 영상의 우측(Rt)과 좌측(Lt)에 각각 5개의 ROI를 그려 신호 대 잡음비(signal to noise ratio; SNR)를 비교 분석하였고 one-way ANOVA(SPSS 18.0K for windows)로 통계 검정하였다. 정성적 평가방법으로는 B1 map profile을 통해 B1의 균일성을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Invivo phantom으로 획득한 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두께별 변화에서는 8 mm, FA별 변화에서는 60°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 자체 제작 phantom에서도 B1 map과 e-THRIVE 영상의 SNR은 B1 calibration scan parameter의 두께와 FA의 변화에 따라 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 두 영상 모두 두께가 12mm 일 때 가장 높게 나타났으며, FA은 80°일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. B1 profile을 통해 확인한 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 균일도는 두께가 12 mm, FA이 80°일 때 가장 균등한 그래프를 나타냈다. 결 론 : 자체 제작 phantom의 B1 map 분석을 통해 장비사에서 권고된 parameter 변화의 필요성을 제고하고, 최적의 B1 calibration scan parameter를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 small breast 환자의 경우에는 B1 calibration scan parameter의 변 경이 필요하며, 이를 통해 SNR과 B1 균일성이 향상된 진단적 가치가 높은 유방 MRI영상을 얻을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

After being subjected to different cooking methods, small black beans (Rhynchosia nulubilis) were investigated in order to assess the effects of the retained bioactive compounds. Using uncooked, pan broiled, boiled, steamed, and pressure cooked beans, the inhibitory effects of MCF-7 cell migration were evaluated at protein concentrations of 40, 160, and 640 μm/mL, using the Boyden's chamber assay. All protein concentrations (40, 160, and 640 μm/mL) of pan broiled beans showed significant reduction (59.83, 32.48, and 21.37%, respectively) in the rate of cell migration to the lower chambers (p-value less than 0.001). Estimated cell migration rates correlated to the exponential decay between experimentally measured cell migration rates and converted samples. The range of estimated cell migration rate for each 100 mg/mL of cooked sample was as follows: pan broiled (21.16%), boiled (22.48%), steamed (22.48%), pressure cooked (29.52%), and uncooked (35.03%) beans. Our study indicated that selective modifications of cooking methods for small black beans, such as pan broiling, ameliorated the inhibitory effects of MCF-7 cell migration. This suggests that optimized cooking methods increase the nutritional contents of the cooked food.