EPS(Electric Power Steeing) has been a popular system in the automotive industry since 2000 after the technology and safety was validated. The Korean Refrigerated Carts like Hankook Yogurt Coco was developed for the first time in the world. However this carts system and other small tranporting carts has no EPS. Thus the drivers of carts needed a EPS to avoid the burden when steeing a big weighted cart with 750Kgf as many women drivers complain the pain on their shoulders. This paper describes the application of EPS on Korean refrigerated carts with simulation results and experimental data shows the improvement of steering efforts.

Application of the membrane process to wastewater treatment and reuse has been increasing due to water shortage, water pollution and an increase in water demand. Membrane fouling including biofouling should be controlled to extend its application. In this study, modulation of diffusible signal factor (DSF) system, the quorum sensing (QS) system that regulates EPS formation by microorganisms, was considered as a promising option to manage biofouling. Among many DSF compounds, cis -2-Decenoic acids (CDA) was selected. The experimental results showed that, as the CDA concentration increased, the density and number of stained cells decreased. The lowest density was observed when the CDA concentration of 300 nM was applied. The EPS on membrane surface decreased with increasing concentration of CDA. The CDA dosing also affected the EPS composition. At the 300 nM CDA dose, the total EPS reduced by up to 57% and the protein fraction by 35%. This study revealed the biofilm reduction effect of CDA under various conditions for MBR sludge. The application of CDA can be adapted to control biofouling in the MBR process.

MMBR system has been suggested as a promising system to resolve harvesting problems induced from low settling efficiency of microalgae. And recently, a lot of research on reducing fouling at the MMBR system has investigated focused on EPS in many cases. EPS of microalgae mainly consists of polysaccharides and protein components, and is produced through photosynthesis and nitrogen-carbon metabolic pathways. Especially, P-EPS is one of major compounds which occur membrane fouling phenomenon, as its hydrophobic protein components cause floc formation and cake layer accumulation. And it is already known that almost every microalgae can metabolize P-EPS or Chl-a when nitrogen sources as a substrate is insufficient or exhausted situation. With the above backgrounds, uptake rates of P-EPS or Chl-a by Scenedesmus quadricauda according to the type of carbon source and nitrogen concentration were evaluated in order to verify correlation between carbon source vs P-EPS production, and indeed Scenedesmus quadricauda uses P-EPS or Chl-a when the amounts of nitrogen sourc es in the feed is not satisfied. As a result, it was shown that P-EPS and Chl-a production were increased proportional to nitrogen concentration under organic carbon condition. And especially, the amo unts of P-EPS and Chl-a in the cell were diminished with the nitrogen source becomes insufficient or exhausted. Because P-EPS accelerates fouling at the MMBR system, P-EPS degradation by Scenedesmus quadricauda in order to get nitrogen source may contribute to reducing fouling. About a affects of N-consumed Chl-a to the MMBR fouling, more survey is needed. On the contrary, considering the purpose of MMBR system of this study, i.e. harvesting useful high value microalgae efficiently feeding adequate industrial process wastewater, it seems like difficult to maintain satisfied metabolic activity and to harvest with high yield rate using nitrogen-poor MMBR feed.

In MBR, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is known as an important factor of fouling; soluble EPS (sEPS) affects internal contamination of membrane, and bound EPS (bEPS) affects the formation of the cake layer. The production of EPS changes according to the composition of influent, which affects fouling characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the F/M ratio on the sEPS concentration, bEPS content, and fouling were evaluated. The effects of F/M ratio on the amount and composition of EPS were confirmed by setting conditions that were very low or higher than the general F/M ratio of MBR, and the fouling occurrence characteristics were evaluated by filtration resistance distribution. As a result, it was found that the sEPS increased significantly with the increase of the F/M ratio. When the substrate was depleted, bEPS content decreased because bEPS was hydrolyzed into BAP and seemed to be used as a substrate. In contrast, when the substrate is sufficient, UAP (utilization-associated products) was rapidly generated in proportion with the consumption of the substrate. UAP has a relatively higher Protein/Carbohydrate ratio (P/C ratio) than BAP, and this means, it has a higher adhesive force to the membrane surface. As a result, UAP seems like causing fouling rather than BAP (biomass-associated products). Therefore, Rf (Resistance of internal contamination) increased rapidly with the increase of UAP, and Rc (Resistance of cake layer) increased with the accumulation of bEPS in proportion, and as a result, the fouling interval was shortened. According to this study, a high F/M ratio leads to an increment in UAP generation and accumulation of bEPS, and by these UAP and bEPS, membrane fouling is promoted.

Despite the importance of the EPS-TOPIK(Employment Permit System-Test of Proficiency in Korean) exam for those who aim to work in Korea under the EPS system, not enough studies have been done on the subject of EPS-TOPIK exam and the official Textbook. In addition, studies on representation of nationality and skin color in textbooks are rare compared to such studies on gender representation. This study investigates the Textbook which hasn't been researched enough, on the matter of representation not only based on gender but also on nationality and skin color. This study analyzes the Textbook quantitatively with the focus on the 20 main characters and qualitatively on the illustrations and texts, and suggests that the Textbook should properly represent its users who intend to work in Korea under the EPS system. Stereotypes based on nationality, preference of so-called ‘Korean’ skin tone and gender inequality should be rejected. The chapter on sexual harrassment in workplace should be revised to go against victim-shaming and to contain helpful contents for sexual harrassment survivors.

일반적으로 지중구조물은 지상구조물보다 지진하중 작용 시 상대적으로 작은 영향을 받는다. 그러나 많은 연구자들은 심각한 지중구조물 손상에 대해 보고하고 있으며 동적 흙-구조물 상호작용에 대한 지속적인 연구를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유한요소해석 프로그램을 활용한 흙-구조물 상호작용을 지중구조물에 적용하고 지중구조물 하중저감기법인 ETI의 지오폼을 해석변수로 경감효과 및 최적 지오폼을 제안하고자 한다. 해석연구에 고려된 지오폼은 EPS 12, EPS 15, EPS 19이다. 해석 결과로부터 지진하중시 최대 50%까지 지중하중이 경감되었으며, 수평처짐은 26%, 수직처짐은 8%이 경감되었다. 본 해석연구를 토대로 ETI 공법을 적용한 지중구조물이 정적 및 지진하중 하에서도 하중의 영향을 경감시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Construction of irregular-shaped concrete structures requires a lot of time and money. To reduce the cost and time, the F3D(Free-Form Formwork 3D Printer) technology was adopted in manufacturing EPS(Expanded Polystyrene) formwork for irregular-shaped concrete structure. To design EPS formwork precisely, lateral pressure acting on irregular-shaped formwork and deformation of EPS form liner should be evaluated. However, in current Korean formwork standard, there are no standards for irregular-shaped formwork as it includes a lot of complex variables. For this reason, several researchers developed 3-dimensional finite element analysis model to calculate lateral pressure exerted by fresh concrete. In this study, deformation of irregular-shaped EPS formwork and lateral pressure acting on formwork was examined using finite element analysis model.

This study is making a product for the development of a process worm wheel of making a shape for gear for worm wheel without hobbing manufacturing process. Because of removing a hobbing process, plastic worm wheel for increased productivity and equivalent quality is produced in this molding, As the result, this important process is to manufacture a EPS worm wheel of small and middle stage cars and hybrid vehicle. Especially, the main goal of this study is as follows. The worm wheel design software of electronic power steeringis developed through this study. CAD file of this software is expressed as design notes and design shape of worm gear for manufacturing of worm wheel.

This study is making a product for the development of a process worm wheel of making a shape for gear for worm wheel without hobbing manufacturing process. Because of removing a hobbing process, plastic worm wheel for increased productivity and equivalent quality is produced in this molding. As the result, CAE manufacturing process for a EPS worm wheel of small and middle stage cars and hybrid vehicle is developed. Especially, the considerations for analysis results of worm wheel are as follows. the first, CAE analysis for worm wheel of first stage is considered. the second, CAE analysis for boss is considered. the third, CAE analysis for gear module strength of first stage is considered. Finally, the redesign of product drawings for troubled-considered in first stage try-out is considered in EPS worm wheel.

Electric power steering system(EPS) is a new power steering technology for vehicle and important device for improving vehicle’s dynamics and static performances. EPS can be divided into the following three forms: the Column assist type EPS(C-EPS), the Pinion assist type EPS(P-EPS), and the Rack assist type EPS(R -EPS). System stiffness of Different types of EPS which effects on steering performance, are known by simulation result and measuring products. P types of EPS are more stiffer than C types of EPS and contribute to steering performance at on centre range of vehicles. By analyzing of performance with types of EPS, this paper proposed improving method for C-EPS stiffness.

this paper introduces An outline of the HS-EPS module building energy saving system of reinforced concrete core columns, its composition, applications and the technical specifications. A comprehensive analysis of the system on technical features and advantages of the system, such as building energy conservation, seismic, industrialization and standardization is introduced. In recent years this system has been applied in many projects in various parts of China including the the application and promotion in the post-disaster reconstruction projects. The ong-term study, extensive analysis and application of this system have proved its high performance, reliable quality and high application value.