The consumer satisfaction level for insect products for feed was investigated in order to be used as a basic data for the establishment of the insect industry. The survey was conducted on 302 ordinary citizens aged 19 to 59 on consumer satisfaction with insect-related products for feed. When insect is supplied as a food source, most consumers are purchased for reptiles (66.7%). Asking about food type, most of them answered that they buy food in living form (83.3%), which is higher than dry form (16.7%). The kind of insect-related products for feed were in the order of crickets (83.3 %) > mealworm (16.7 %). The frequency of use of the product was once (66.7%) > 2 to 3 times a week (16.7%) > 2 to 3 times a month(16.7%). Consumer satisfaction with insect food for feed was average, but they said they were relatively satisfied with the quality, the route of purchase and the nutritional content.

Pesticide application in agriculture provides significant benefits such as protection from disease, prevention of harmful insects, and increased crop yields. However, accurate toxicological tests and risk assessments are necessary because of many related adverse effects associated with pesticide use. In this review, we discuss and analyze residual pesticides contained in livestock feed in Korea. A pesticide residue tolerance standard for livestock feed has not been precisely established; so, risk assessments are required to ensure safety. Standards and approaches for animal criteria and appropriate methods for evaluating residual pesticides are discussed and analyzed based on technology related to animal product safety in Korea. The safety of livestock feed containing pesticides is assessed to establish maximum residue limits relative to pesticides. Analysis of residual pesticides in milk, muscle, brain, and fat was performed with a livestock residue test and safety evaluation of the detected pesticide was performed. Efficacy of organic solvent extraction and clean-up of feed was verified, and suitability of the instrument was examined to establish if they are effective, rapid, and safe. This review discussed extensively how pesticide residue tolerance in livestock feed and hazard evaluation may be applied in future studies.

This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and feed value of Sasa borealis (S. borealis) in Jeju Island in order to improve the utilization of Sasa borealis and to help mitigate the problem of reduced plant species diversity caused by S. borealis in Hanlla Mountain. To investigate the forage production, three quadrat structures were installed in the S. borealis natural community in the middle part of Hanlla Mountain. From May to October 2017, S. borealis in quadrats was cut at a fixed time of each month, and then forage production and regenerated acidity per kg/ha were evaluated. For the evaluation of feed value, compositional analysis was performed on the monthly samples. In vitro digestion experiments were carried out using cannula mounted Hanwoo. In vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD) and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility(IVADFD) were measured after the experiment. Forage production of S. borealis showed relatively good regeneration ability in May and June, but the regeneration ability decreased as the cutting was repeated. In order to use S. borealis as a forage, it is considered efficient to feed black goats with good fiber decomposition or horses good palatability to S. borealis and relatively good digestibility.

This study estimated the effect of sowing and harvesting dates on dry matter (DM) yield and feed value of forage oats at Sancheong, Korea. The forage oats (Darkhorse vs. Highspeed) were used in this experiment. The experimental main plots consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates at 2 seasons as follows: spring oats of sowing (February 25, March 3 and March 13) and harvesting (May 27, June 6 and June 16); and fall oats of sowing (August 15, August 25 and September 4) and harvesting (October 15, October 25 and November 4). On spring oats, Highspeed sown on March 3 and then harvesting on June 6 had the highest (p<0.05) plant length and DM yield. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) in seed of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed. On fall oats, plant length and DM yield with the delayed-harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that the spring oat sown in early March and then harvesting in early June was recommended to increase dry matter and feed value although the fall oat sown in end August and then harvesting in early November was recommended for fall period.

The study was conducted to determine effects on forage productivity, feed value, grazing intensity and livestock productivity in growing Korean native female goat grazing in native pasture. Its with average initial body weight of 14.10±3.6kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Dry matter content of native pasture was the highest at 33.48 ± 2.56% in June, and the content was significantly increased from spring to autumn (p<0.05). Crude protein was maintained between 11% and 12% on average. Nutrient content was maintained at a certain level in native pasture, but there were differences due to the different types of wild grasses produced in each season. The productivity of forage crops increased from June, but decreased after August and showed a characteristic of grassland where productivity decreased rapidly in spring and autumn. The average grazing intensity are 39 head/ha. Black goat average daily gain was 80.2g/d. The stable weight gain in grazing is that the nutrient requirement of the black goat was met by supplementing the concentrated feed during grazing. study, can be expected that the productivity of livestock can be increased through the proper feeding of supplementary feed and maintenance of grazing intensity

This study aimed to determine the optimal harvesting time for wheat to make grain silage, in Honam region of Korea. We harvested wheat grain every third day from 30 to 42 days after heading (DAH). The moisture content decreased from 61.6% at 30 DAH to 42.8% at 42 DAH. Yield of wheat grain significantly increased from 30 to 42 DAH (p< 0.05). Yield at 39 DAH (3.46T/ha) was not significantly different from that at 42 DAH (p< 0.05). With respect to the feed value of wheat grain silage, the amount of crude protein, crude fiber, and crude ash was different by harvesting time (p< 0.05). However, the amount of total digestible nutrients (TDN) from 30 and 42 DAH was not significantly different. The pH of wheat grain silage from 30 to 42 DAH was between 3.8 and 4.5 and it was stable until 39 DAH (p< 0.05). The lactic acid content of wheat grain silage from 30 to 42 DAH decreased from 3.08% to 1.10%. With respect to moisture content, yield, feed value, and fermentation, the optimal harvesting time for wheat grain silage was 39 DAH.

This study was conducted in 2014 in the Gangjin area of Jeonnam province for the purpose of confirming the potential of Kenaf as an alternative feed crop of rice. The weather and soil conditions were favorable and there was no adverse effect on the growth of Kenaf. The amount of seeding was given at 10 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg. As the seeding volume increased, plant height and dry matter yield increased, and stem diameter and number of nodes decreased. The highest growth rate was observed between 75 and 90 days from the date of planting(p<0.05). As the growth progressed, stem rate increased and leaf rate decreased(p<0.05). Increased amount of seeding and growth resulted in decreased CP and TDN and increased ADF and NDF, which resulted in the decreased economic value of Kenaf as a feed crop. The result of increasing the use of organic fertilizer to 20 kg and 30 kg was similar to increasing the amount of seeding. As organic fertilizer usage increased, dry matter yield and growth rate improved(p<0.05).

Cultivation of high-quality forage crop by using fallow field during winter is required for national high feed self-sufficiency and establishment of self-supply system of high-quality forage crop. Field experiments for cultivation of high-quality winter forage crop were conducted at the paddy and upland fields in Cheonan and Anseong city with treatments of single Italian ryegrass(IRG) and IRG mixed with forage barley at the paddy field and of single forage barley and forage barley mixed with IRG at the upland field in the Mid-west plain. Several cultivation conditions such as broadcasting IRG seed under standing rice, sowing time, tillage method, drainage condition, mixed sowing with forage barley were compared to know the change of growth, yield and quality of winter forage crop. In particular, over-wintering rate and dry matter yield were decreased significantly in late-sown IRG and moisture-stressed forage barley. Yield and quality of forage crops were increased by sowing after tillage, mixed sowing of IRG with barley at the paddy field with good drainage. High yield as much as dry matter 10 MT ha-1 with high feed value could be obtained by early sowing of feed barley mixed with IRG at the upland field. Cultivation conditions such as early sowing, sowing after tillage, drainage management are required for higher dry matter yield, quality and stable cultivation of winter forage crops in the mid-west plain of Korea.

정삼투막(Forward osomosis, FO) 공정은 차세대 해수담수화 기술 중 하나이 다. FO 공정은 운영에너지나 막오염의 장점에도 불구하고 유도용액의 분리회수 등의 문제로 실증화 단계에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 현재 FO 공정에 대해서는 FO를 단독으로 사용하기보다 RO 전단에 FO 공정을 두어 이용하는 hybrid 시스 템으로 이용하려는 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 유도용액의 분리회수 가 필요하지 않은 FO-RO 공정에서의 성능 지표 중 하나인 투과유량을 늘리기 위해 공정 운전 조건 중 유도용액의 유량변화에 따른 성능을 평가하였다.

In this study, the effects of operating conditions on the formation of reversible and irreversible fouling were investigated in the filtration using ceramic membrane for water treatment process. The effect of coagulation pretreatment on fouling formation was also evaluated by comparing the performance of membrane filtration both with and without addition of coagulant. A resistance-in-series-model was applied for the analysis of membrane fouling. Total resistance (RT) and internal fouling resistance (Rf) increased in the membrane filtration process without coagulation as membrane flux and feed water concentrations increased. Internal fouling resistance, which was not recovered by physical cleaning, was more than 70% of the total resistance at the range of the membrane flux more than 5 m3/m2･day. In the combined process with coagulation, the cake layer resistance (Rc) increased to about 30-80% of total resistance. As the cake layer formed by coagulation floc was easily removed by physical cleaning, the recovery rate by physical cleaning was 54~90%. It was confirmed from the results that the combined process was more efficient to recover the filtration performance by physical cleaning due to higher formation ratio of reversible fouling, resulted in the mitigation of the frequency of chemical cleaning.

본 연구는 Bacillus subtilis를 포함하는 3개의 균주를 지렁이 분변토에 접종하여 제조한 생균제인 분변토 발효사료가 육계의 사양성적 및 닭고기 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 육계 240마리를 4개의 처리구로 완전임의 배치하였다. 실험 처리구는 대조구, Lactobacillus fermentum으로 제 조된 상업용 생균제 (CP) 0.2%, 분변토 발효사료 0.3% (FECF3), 분변토 발효사료 0.5% (FECF5)로 구분하였다. 평균 체중 증가량, 흉선, 비장, F낭의 무게는 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았다. 혈액 IgG 함량은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 증가하였다. 맹장 Lactobacillus는 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았으나 Escherichia, Salmonella, Coliform bacteria 및 total aerobic bacteria는 FECF 처리구가 낮았다. 닭고기의 보수력은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 높았다. 닭고기 n-6/n-3 지방산의 비율은 대조구, CP 처리구와 비교할 때 FECF 처리구가 낮게 나타났다.

The safety management of feeds has become a very important factor for food safety and legislation and system improvement are being implemented to prevent the hazardous factors from livestock products. The range of heavy metals in feed hazardous factors was similar among countries, but the As maximum limit was strengthened in Korea compared to China. Regulation of residual pesticide and radioactivity was only controlled in Korea. The range and maximum limit of mycotoxin were strictly controlled in China compared to Korea. In order to enhance the feed safety in Korea, it is necessary to improve the policy, strengthen the range of the feed hazard and the maximum limit and carry out the research related to the feed safety.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pasture grazing and barn feeding system on the growth performance, weight gain and velvet antler productivity in Elk. Twelve 5-year-old elk stags about 273 kg were stratified by weight and randomly assigned by feeding system (a pasture grazing and a barn feeding, n=6). The average feed intake were not signigicant difference between two groups. Average daily gain for grazing and barn feeding group was 0.25 g and 0.29 g respectively, showing no significant difference. Velvet antler yield for grazing and barn feeding group was 7,700 g and 6, 960 g respectively, with no significant difference. In conclusion grazing group was better than barn feeding group in feed intake, body weight gain and velvet antler productivity. However, there were no statistical significant difference between the two group. These results may serve as the basis for further study of deer feeding system in Korea and further study needed to examine the grazing intensity and economic efficiency.