본 연구는 장병의 적극적인 스트레스 대처를 위해서 군부대에 치유정원을 조성하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위한 것이다. 연구대상은 병사 296명과 간부 342명 등 총 638명이며, 설문조사는 2022년 2월 21일부터 25일까지 실시하였다. 병사들의 경우, 대부분은 여가를 생활관 주변, 운동시설과 주변, 충성마트와 주변에서 보내며, 옥외공간에서의 주요 이용행태는 휴대폰 사용, 운동, 휴식 등이었다. 평일 옥외공간에서의 여가는 30분 이내가 대부분이며, 주말에는 평일에 비하여 늘어나는 양상을 보였다. 옥외공간 이용 시 동반자 수는 평일과 주말 모두 2~3명이나 혼자서 이용하는 비율이 대부분이었다. 간부의 경우, 평일 주 이용 옥외공간은 산책로와 주변, 생활관 주변이었고 이용행태는 산책, 운동의 비율이 높아 병사와 큰 차이를 보였으며, 평일 옥외공간 체류 시간은 병사들은 10분 정도가 가장 높았으나 간부들은 30분 정도가 상대적으로 높았다. 옥외공간 이용 시 동반자 수는 간부들은 2~3명, 병사들은 혼자서 이용하는 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 스트레스 해소를 위한 치유정원을 조성할 경우 기능공간에 대한 중요도는 병사집단의 경우 프라이버시 공간이 가장 높았고 자연감상 공간이 낮았으나 간부집단은 통합기능 공간, 산책 공간, 자연감상 공간이 상대적으로 높았다. 성취도는 병사집단의 경우 대화/소통 공간이 가장 높았고 자연감상 공간이 가장 낮았으며, 간부집단의 경우 산책 공간이 상대적으로 높고 프라이버시 공간이 가장 낮았다. 중요도-성취도 분석결과, 지속유지 영역에는 간부집단의 산책 공간, 대화/소통 공간 및 통합기능 공간이 포함되었고 집중지향영역에는 병사집단의 프라이버시 공간과 간부집단의 자연감상 공간, 프라이버시 공간이 포함되었다. 낮은 우선순위 영역은 병사집단의 자연감상 공간, 통합기능 공간, 산책 공간 등이, 과잉영역은 병사집단의 대화/소통 공간만이 포함되었다.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 통합학교와 특수학교의 학교 환경에 따른 적응행동과 학교에서의 기능적 과제 수행능력에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 설문조사로 진행되었다. 배포된 설문지는 통합학교 20부, 특수학교 20부 총 40부였으며 이 중 18부(45%)가 회수 되었다. 무응답 또는 다중 응답 문항이 있는 설문지 2부를 제외한 총 16부, 통합교육 대상자 총 4명, 특수교육 대상자 총 12명의 결과가 분석에 사용되었으며, 대상 학생을 4개월 이상 관찰한 교사가 본 연구의 평가도구인 적응행동검사(Korea Adaptive Behavior Scale; K-ABS)와 학교기능평가(School Function Assessment; SFA) 질문지를 작성하도록 하였다. 결과 : 통합교육 환경과 특수교육 환경에 따라 SFA와 K-ABS를 비교한 결과, K-ABS의 사회적 적응요인에서 통합교육 집단에서 특수교육 집단에 비하여 통계적으로 유의미하게 높은 점수를 보였다(p<.05). 각 학교 환경에 따른 집단내 SFA와 K-ABS의 상관관계 분석 결과, 특수교육 환경에서 SFA와 K-ABS의 하위항목 간 상관관계를 이루는 항목이 더 많았다. 결론 : 연구를 통하여 통합교육 환경이 장애학생의 전반적인 적응능력과 학교생활 참여에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 것을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 작업치료사로서 학교작업치료를 위한 보다 체계적인 장애학생의 교육환경을 제공하기 위한 기초자료를 제시한다는 점에 의의가 있다. 장애학생의 적응행동과 학교에서의 기능적 수행은 교육 환경에 따라 차이가 있으며, 작업치료사는 장애학생의 교육의 질과 참여를 향상시킬 수 있도록 중요한 역할을 담당해야할 것이다.

High performance polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes for n-butanol recovery were fabricated using a tri-functional crosslinker containing the phenyl group. In order to understand the role of the functional group structure and cross-linking density in pervaporation performance, PDMS membranes were prepared using tri-functional crosslinker containing other functional groups (hexyl and cyclohexyl) and conventional tetra-functional crosslinker. The relationship between the polymer structure-performance was discussed based on the sorption and diffusion properties of the membranes. As a result, the phenyl-based PDMS membrane exhibited the pervaporation performance owing to the strong hydrophobicity and chain rigidity of the phenyl group compared to other PDMS membranes even at high butanol concentration and high temperature conditions.

Background: In cerebral palsy (CP), parents’ quality of life and rearing attitude are considered possible factors that influence patients’ quality of life, function level, and performance in daily activities. Despite these facts, little attention has been given to demonstrate a relation between these factors. Objects: This study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between parents’ quality of life, functional level, and performance in daily activities, the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP. Methods: This study included 24 parents of school-aged children with spastic CP. The KIDSCREEN-52 and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaires (including physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains) were used as research tools to assess the quality-of-life profiles of the children with spastic CP and those of their parents, respectively. In addition, the function levels and performance in daily activities of the children with CP were assessed by using the gross motor function measure (GMFM) and modified Barthel index (MBI). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to clarify the determinants of the quality of life of the children with CP. Results: The KIDSCREEN-52 score correlated with the total score (r=.735, p<.01) and all domains of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (physical: r=.542, p<.01; psychological: r=.690, p<.01; social: r=.568, p<.01; and environmental: r=.783, p<.01). In addition, significant correlation was found between the KIDSCREEN-52 and MBI scores (r=.411, p<.05), and between the MBI and GMFM scores (r=.427, p<.05). After controlling for age, gender, paralytic type, GMFM, and MBI, the WHOQOL-BREF score (R2=.621), particularly in the environmental domain (R2=.699), remained independently related to the quality of life of the children. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the quality of life of school-aged children with spastic CP can be influenced by the quality of life of their parents. This study provides useful information for future studies to investigate the quality of life of children with CP

Background: The multiple hop test is an active performance test that has been commonly used to assess individuals with functional ankle instability. Previous studies have suggested that insufficiency of dynamic postural stability and passive stability during dynamic activities can have an influence on performance in the multiple hop test. However, no study has investigated the effects of dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing on multiple hop test performance in individuals with functional ankle instability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of dynamic postural stability training versus ankle bracing in the performance of the multiple hop test for participants with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine participants with functional ankle instability who scored below 24 in the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool were selected. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: a dynamic postural stability training group (n1=14) and an ankle bracing control group (n2=15). The multiple hop tests were performed before and after applying each intervention. Dynamic postural stability training was performed using visual-feedback-based balance-training equipment; participants in this group were asked to perform a heel raise in a standing position while watching the centering of their forefoot pressure to prevent excessive ankle inversion. Ankle bracing was applied in the control group. Results: When comparing the pre- and post-intervention period for both groups, both methods significantly improved the results of the multiple hop test (p<.05). However, no significant differences were shown between the dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing groups (p>.05). Conclusion: Both dynamic postural stability training and ankle bracing showed significant improvement (2.85 seconds and 2.05 seconds, respectively) in test performance. Further study is needed to determine the long-term effects of dynamic postural stability training and to determine whether insufficient dynamic postural stability is a causative factor for functional ankle instability.

One of the longstanding goals of both managers and researchers has been to understand the characteristics of effective salespeople. Selling orientation (SO), one of the general approaches of salespeople, has also been referred to in several studies as selling behaviors (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992; Jaramillo et al. 2007). SO is the degree to which salespeople place their own needs and/or the needs of the firm before those of their customers by attempting to sell as much as possible to customers. This is exhibited when salespeople are primarily engaged in selling activities that emphasize “getting the sale” (Schultz and Good 2000; Boles et al. 2001). Few researchers focus their attention on SO as one of the sales approaches enhancing sales performance and previous studies generally discuss SO as a factor negatively correlated with customer orientation (CO) (Saxe and Weitz 1982; Brown et al. 1992). These studies suggest SO should be controlled to encourage CO. However, Schwepker (2003) shows in his overviews of recent research that there is not a general consensus on the relationship between SO and individual sales performance. In fact, some studies indicate that SO increases individual sales performance, while others find that it is not an influential factor (e.g. Goff et al. 1997; Boles et al. 2001; Wachnel et al. 2009). Salespeople are required to adopt long-term perspectives as well as short-term sales results simultaneously in a competitive market; thus, it is meaningful to explore whether SO, as an aggressive sales approach, improves individual sales performance and whether SO can be used as an effective organizational indicator. Some studies, on the other hand, argue that the relationship between SO and individual performance is affected by moderating factors, such as differences in performance measurement (subjective or objective) (Jaramillo et al. 2007) and the sales skill level salespeople possess (Wachner et al. 2009). For example, Wachner et al. (2009) tested the moderating impact of three selling skills: interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and technical skills. These studies show that various external and individual factors can affect the relationship between SO and performance. Unfortunately, the impact of internal factors, such as integration with other functional members of the organization, has largely ignored. However, integration between salespeople and a variety of functional members is crucial for exchanging information and activating organizational learning (Rouizes et al. 2005), which may affect sales strategy. Indeed, salespeople, as boundary spanners, cooperate with other functional members and provide the firm with external market information (Griffin and Hauser 1990; Singh 1998; Krohmer et al. 2002). On the other hand, salespeople also receive information and support regarding new products and product delivery from other functional members, which benefits individuals’ sales performance. Our study, therefore, aims to examine the performance impact of SO at the level of the individual salesperson. In addition, we test for the moderating effect of integration with other functional members. We use the term integration as proposed by Kahn (2001), in which levels of integration are gauged by the extent of information exchange and personal interaction, and argue that integration, as an option internally available to salespeople, will increase the effectiveness of a sales approach. The indices we use to judge individual sales performance are as follows: the sales figures achieved, the degree to which the salesperson commits to the target sales figure, the number of new customers found, and the level of task innovation displayed in comparison with other members of the same sales team. SO is usually seen as a short-term sales approach. While pure SO cannot have a positive effect on customer loyalty or satisfaction levels (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003), it is often the most effective short-term selling method. In fact, Wachner et al. (2009) report that SO directly increased individual sales performance in the B to B market settings. Moreover, Boles et al. (2001) reported that SO is not harmful to relationships with customers for in-store retail settings because customers expect salespeople to engage in selling-oriented behavior to some degree. Schwepker (2003) argues that salespeople are more likely to utilize SO in an effort to meet the demands and goals placed on them when managements use the outcome-based measurements (e.g. financial performance) to evaluate their performance. This may mean that when salespeople take a more strongly selling-oriented approach, they increase their attention on selling itself and find effective methods for increasing performance. These discussions show that SO is influential in increasing sales performance. Our first hypothesis, therefore, is: H1. SO positively affects individual sales performance. Meunier-FitzHugh and Piercy (2007) emphasize that the selling of products and services is not exclusive to marketing or sales. Integration between different functional members is vital to improved customer satisfaction and product development performance (Kahn 2001). In addition, Kahn and Mentzer (1998) show that integration between different functional members has a positive influence on performance in terms of department success, overall firm performance and new product development. The authors explain that the information exchange intrinsic to integration allows members to reduce uncertainty, thereby facilitating different types of performance. By transmitting information and interacting with members who work in complementary functions, salespeople are more likely to increase their product knowledge and control time schedules. Accordingly, we expect integration with other functional members to positively impact individual performance. According to Storbacka et al. (2009), sales can play an important role in new product development, which also increases opportunities to broaden customer relationships and modify sales strategies. We argue that when integration is coupled with SO, individual performance improves because integration modifies SO’s aggressive behaviors into an adaptive selling style. Adaptive selling is considered “the altering of sales behaviors during a customer interaction or across customer interactions based on perceived information about the nature of the selling situation” (Weitz et al. 1986, p. 175). Franke and Park (2006) argue that the benefits of adaptive selling behaviors are likely to outweigh the costs of gathering and applying information to specific situations, thereby improving overall individual sales performance. Thus, if salespeople integrate with other functional members in the process of selling products and providing customized service according to customer needs, we expect that the relationship between SO and individual performance will be stronger. On the other hand, role ambiguity of salespeople may be reduced by high SO, which stimulate salespeople to put higher priorities on selling and short-term purpose (Tubre and Collins, 2000; Wachner et al. 2009). Low role ambiguity will make functional integration efficient and effective since allocation and coordination regarding functional roles cost less compared with the situation where the roles are ambiguous. Therefore, when salespeople have higher SO, integration produces more results in shorter time. Hence, on the basis of this reasoning, we hypothesize that: H2. Integration positively affects individual sales performance. H3. The positive relationship between SO and individual sales performance is stronger when salespeople are more integrated with other functional members. 382 questionnaires were handed out to a firm and 186 salespeople including the sales managers filled in the questionnaires. This company’s services and products are related to real estate, car insurance and financial insurance. We chose this particular company because the salespeople are encouraged to use SO approaches and generally integrate with other functional members. Based on Wachner et al. (2009), SO was measured with a three-item indicator that included the following items: “high sales performance is more important than how to accomplish it,” “I try to focus attention on the degree of sales performance compared with others,” and “when a company appraises salespeople, only financial performance has to be considered.” These measures were modified from those used in Wachner et al. (2009) to reflect SO’s short-term transactional manner and emphasis on high financial performance. In addition, the integration with other functional members referred to in Kahn and Mentzer (1998) was also measured using an indicator with the following items: “I frequently exchanges information with other functional members,” “I am actively gathering information from colleagues with different functions,” “critical information is shared between colleagues with different functions,” and “the integration between sales and other functions is possible.” We assessed the validity and dimensionality of our reflective constructs by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Our CFA model contains SO (three items, α= .730), integration (four items, α= .839), and performance (four items, α = .826). The model shows an acceptable fit with the data with a χ2 of 153.481 (df = 41, p< .001), a comparative fit index (CFI) of .926, AGFI of 0.846 and a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of .10. We conducted a moderated hierarchical regression analysis to test our hypotheses. Regression results have been provided in Table 1. After mean-centering the interaction variables, multicollinearity was irrelevant because the VIF of the multicollinearity statistic was low level. Model 1 includes control variables and the effects of SO and integration. Model 1 reveals a positive effect of selling orientation (β= .201, p< .01) and integration (β= .358, p< .001) on performance. In Model 2, interaction terms were added. The Model 2 results indicate that the interaction effect between SO and integration on performance is positive and significant (β= .142, p< .05) supporting H3. Post hoc analysis also confirms that integration moderates SO to increase performance. Specifically, examination of the simple regression lines show that there is only an effect of the SO on performance when the salesperson’s integration level is high (t= 3.60, p< .00), but is not significant when integration level is low (t= 1.085, ns). Overall, our results indicate that SO and integration have an important impact on individual sales performance. In addition, as shown by Fig. 1, SO affects individual performance more positively when salespeople integrate more fully with other functional members. These results highlight the tact that, when they co-exist, SO and integration between different functional members contributes to increased individual sales performance. As one of the components of market orientation, integration with other functional members prompts salespeople to consider customer satisfaction. By exchanging knowledge and contributing to internal information flow, integration allows salespeople to develop SO into an adaptive selling approach, thereby increasing sales performance. On the other hand, because high SO results in salespeople using their time and efforts more effectively for performance with integration than low SO, sales performance increases. From a theoretical perspective, the findings we report here taking into account the moderating effects of integration, present a new understanding of the relationship between SO and individual performance. Moreover, our findings have managerial implications. Although SO has a positive effect on individual performance, SO also presents considerable challenges, such as decreasing customer loyalty and endangering salespeople’s job satisfaction (Boles et al. 2001; Schwepker 2003). As a result, the relationship between SO and salespeople’s individual performance requires more discussion and should be considered carefully. Our study shows that sales management could potentially increase sales performance by using cross function teams and setting financial goals, which would simultaneously encourage integration as well as SO (Rouziès et al. 2005).

말의 형태는 기능적으로 개별적으로 실행 할 수 있는 능력과 연관이 깊다. 또한, 진화론적 관점으로 말의 형태는 말이 요구되는 일의 유형에 따라 적합하게 변화되어야 한다. 제주마의 경우에는 체형이 작고, 근육의 탄력이 적은 특징을 가지고 있다. 위 특징은 제주마가 국내의 경우 과거에 짐의 운반과 경운에 유용하게 이용되어졌음을 의미한다. 오늘날 말들은 거의 경주마로써 육성되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 말의 형태와 경주능력간의 관계에 대해 규명하고, 이 관계는 우수한 육종가의 선발에 사용될 수 있음을 기대한다. 본 연구는 경주성적이 있는 제주마 92 두와 더러브렛종 81두의 골격근 18 개 부분과 형태와 체고를 직접적으로 측정하여 확인했다. 또한, 실측 체고치와 측면 이미지 자료로부터 17 부위의 길이를 쟀다. 연구에 사용된 경주기록은 2002 년 2 월부터 2004 년 11 월까지 제주 경주 공원으로부터 수집하여 사용했고, 통계분석은 SAS프로그램을 사용하여 PRINCOMP와 GLM을 분석 실시하였다. 성, 나이로 그룹을 설정하여 GLM의 다양성에 따라 분류하여 주성분분석을 실시한 결과, 제 1~6 주성분 PCs 간의 전체 변이는 67.1%로 계산되었고, 경주수행정도는 속도 어깨와 목길이가 길고 전박장과 엉덩이 길이가 짧은 특징을 나타낸 제 2 주성분(PC2)에 유사하게 상관되게 측정되었다(P<.001). 위 결과에 따르면 말의 여러 가지 형태적 특징 중, 말의 목 하단길이와 견갑골이 길며, 전완골과 정강이가 짧은 형태를 가질 경우 빠르게 달릴 수 있다는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 제주마의 경주 속도가 일반적인 형태적 균형에 의해 좌우될 수 있다는 개념을 시사한다. 또한, 본 연구는 더 많은 데이터가 있었다면, 조사의 정확성이 향상될 수 있음을 시사한다.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 평가도구 SFA(school function assessment)를 이용하여 저학년, 고학년의 차이에 따른 학교생활에서의 기능적 과제 수행을 비교하기 위한 것이다. ◉ 연구방법 : 2013년 7월 1일부터 7월 31일까지 유치원과 초등학교의 일반학급에 재학하고 있는 만 5～12세의 남아11명, 여아 13명을 대상으로 아동의 부모와 담당교사와의 관찰 및 면담을 동의한 자에 한하여 실시하였으며 저학년과 고학년의 학교생활의 기능적 과제 수행을 비교하였다. ◉ 결과 : 고학년이 저학년에 비해 학교생활에서의 기능적 과제 수행이 높은 점수를 보였으며, 항목에 따라 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 영역Ⅰ은 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 영역Ⅱ와 영역Ⅲ은 부분적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. ◉ 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 고학년이 저학년보다 더 높은 학교생활의 과제 수행 능력이 요구된다는 것을 확인하였다. 앞으로 좀 더 많은 대상으로 한 학교생활 기능적 과제 수행 연구가 이루어지기를 바란다.

목적 : 초등 특수학급 아동과 특수학교 아동을 대상으로 장애아동의 적응행동을 검사하는 적응행동검사(Korea Adaptive Behavior Scale; K-ABS)와 학교에서의 기능적인 과제 수행 능력을 평가하는 학교기능평가(School Function Assessment; SFA)를 적용하여 장애유형별 특징을 알아보고 두 평가도구 간의 상관관계를 도출하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대상 장애유형은 지적장애, 뇌병변 장애, 발달장애였으며, 아동을 6개월 이상 지도한 선생님을 통하여 설문지 를 작성하도록 하였다. 연구에 사용된 설문지는 총 67부로 이를 가지고 통계분석 하였다. 결과 : 전체 장애아동에 대한 K-ABS와 SFA의 Pearson 상관관계는 .93으로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 장애유형에 따른 K-ABS 총점과 SFA 총점 간에는 모두 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : K-ABS와 SFA의 상관관계가 입증되었으며, 이후에는 보다 구체적인 장애분류를 통해 타당성을 높일 수 있는 후 속 연구가 필요할 것이다.

PURPOSES: This study is to investigate the mechanical performance of the fiber reinforced lean concrete with respect to different types of fibers. METHODS: Increased vehicle weight and other causes from the exposed conditions have accelerated the deteriorations of road pavement. A new multi-functional composite pavement system is being developed recently in order to extend service life and upgrade the pavement. A variety of tests were conducted before and after hardening of the concrete. RESULTS: From the test results, it was found that the use of different types of fibers did not affect the compressive strength development. This might be due to the inherent property of the lean concrete. When steel fibers were used relatively greater flexural strength and flexural fracture toughness were developed. Also addition of fly ash by replacing a part of Portland cement the fracture toughness was slightly increased. CONCLUSIONS: It has been known that the addition of fibers and use of mineral admixture can be positively considered in the development of multi-functional composite pavement system as its required mechanical performance is obtained.

According to a recent government study, development and distribution of functional building materials are increasing in Korea.
In this study, we evaluated reduction performance of formaldehyde and toluene by sorptive building materials using small-scale chamber(20L) test method for 7 days.
According to the results of this study, 18 building materials showed that the effects of formaldehyde reduction among the 23 building materials. And the number of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of toluene was relatively small.
The mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were 36.8% and 1,525.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption for formaldehyde were in the range 1.5∼78.4% and 87.5∼3,086.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
And the mean sorption rate and total amount of sorption for toluene were 11.6% and 1,054.4㎍/㎡, respectively. The sorption rate and total amount of sorption of toluene were in the range 0.1∼62.4% and 29.6∼6,764.0㎍/㎡, respectively.
In most cases, the performance of the building materials with respect to its ability to reduce the concentration of pollutants has steadily decreased within 7 days.

The aim of this study was to investigate correlations of the Trunk Control Test (TCT), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS-TC), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and to compare the TCT, PASS-TC, TIS and its subscales in relation to balance, gait and functional performance ability after stroke. Sixty-two stroke patients attending a rehabilitation program participated in the study. Trunk control was measured with the use of TCT, PASS-TC, TIS balance (Berg Balance scale; BSS), gait ability (10 m walk test), functional performance ability (Tuned Up and Go Test TUG) and the mobility part of the Modified Barthel index (MBI), Fugl Meyer-Upper/Lower Extremity (FM-U․L/E). The scatter-plot (correlation coefficient) was composed for the total scores of the TCT, PASS-TC, and TIS. The multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of trunk control on balance, gait, and functional performance ability. Twenty eight participants (45.2%) and twenty participants (32.3%) obtained the maximum score on the TCT and PASS-TC respectively; no subject reached the maximum score on the Trunk Impairment Scale. There were significant correlations between the TIS and TCT (r=.38, p<.01), PASS-TC (r=.30, p<.05), TCT and PASS-TC (r=.59, p<.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the BBS score (β=.420～.862) had slightly more power in predicting trunk control than the . TIS-dynamic sitting balance, TUG and the MBI-mobility part. This study clearly indicates that trunk control is still impaired in stroke patients. Measures of trunk control were significantly related with values of balance, gait and functional performance ability. The results imply that management of trunk rehabilitation after stroke should be emphasized.

The purposes of this study were to determine correlations between the Berg Balance Test (BBS), Timed -UP & Go Test, Fugl Meyer-L/E, Balance, Sensory (FM-L/E, B, S), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Comfortable maximal Gait Speed (C MGS), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The subjects were 40 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. Main outcome measures were Balance control (BBS, FM-B), Gait (TUG, C MGS, MAS-G), ADL (MBI) and Motor Function of Lower Extremities (FM-L/E, S). The data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation. FM scales between other clinical and instrumental indexes and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for Balance, Gait and ADL Motor Function of Lower Extremity inclinations. The results of this study were as follows: The BBS, FM-L/E, balance, sensory and MBI showed positive correlation relations, but TUG and C MGS showed negative correlations. The sensory factor of the FM-scale showed the strongest variance in predicting BBS. However the FM-balance showed the strongest variance in predicting TUG, MAS-G and C MGS. The use of both quantitative and qualitative scales was shown to be a good measuring instrument for the classification of the general clinical performance of the patients.

목적 : 발의 강직성 저측굴곡으로 인하여 무릎이 과신전된 뇌성마비 아동을 대상으로 발 보조기 착용이 무릎 각도와 독립적인 보행거리에 미치는 영향과 COPM을 이용하여 아동의 보조기 착용 전후의 작업수행의 차이를 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 본 실험은 개별실험연구의 반전연구 ABA' 실험설계를 이용하여 총 18회기를 실시하였다. 기초선 A에서는 발 보조기를 착용하지 않고 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 측정하였고, 캐나다작업수행측정을 실시하여 보조기 착용 전후의 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도의 변화를 알아보았다. 치료기간인 B에서는 보조기를 아동에게 착용하게 한 후의 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 측정하였다. 기초선 A'에서는 보조기를 제거한 후의 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리 및 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도를 보호자에게 재실시하였다. 무릎각도와 독립적인 보행거리를 평균과 시각적 분석을 이용하였고, 작업수행의 수행도와 만족도는 COPM의 점수 비교를 통하여 알아보았다. 결과 : 아동의 무릎각도는 보조기 착용 전후에 평균 11.63° 감소하였고, 독립적인 보행거리는 평균 6.97m 증가하였다. 아동이 혼자서 화장실 가기, 좋아하는 장난감을 스스로 가지러 가기, 공을 발로 차기 모두 보조기를 착용 하기 전보다 수행도와 만족도가 모두 증가하였다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과를 통하여 뇌성마비 아동의 발의 안정성이 아동의 보행거리뿐만 아니라 작업수행에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로는 더 많은 수의 아동을 대상으로 보행거리와 아동의 작업을 수행하는데 있어서 자신감과 자율성과의 상관관계에 대한 연구도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of rehabilitation programs on functional performance of the lower extremities and whether additional therapeutic exercise with routine rehabilitative therapy improves functional performance more than just routine rehabilitative therapy by it self for inpatients who have suffered a stroke with below moderate severity within 3 to 6 months after the onset of the stroke. Fifty-eight subjects were divided into two groups. Group I was given routine rehabilitative therapy and group II was given additional therapeutic exercise along with the routine rehabilitative therapy. Each group received 6 weeks of rehabilitation. The timed get-up and go test (TUG), the Fugl-Meyer score (FMS), functional independence measure (FIM), functional reach (FR), gait velocity (GV), and the strength of knee extensor and flexor were selected to measure effect of rehabilitation programs. The main results were measured and analysed at baseline, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after the start of the rehabilitation programs. The results revealed that all of functional performance of the lower extremities in 3 weeks after the start of the rehabilitation programs were significantly improved compared with before the rehabilitation programs in both groups. In 6 weeks, TUG, FIM, FR, GV, and the strength of knee extensor in group I, TUG, FMS, FIM, FR, GV, and the strength of knee extensor and flexor in group II were significantly improved compared with the results after 3 weeks. At 3 weeks after rehabilitation programs, group II made significantly greater gains in TUG, FR, GV, and the strength of the knee flexor compared to the group I. At 6 weeks, group II made significantly greater gains in TUG, FR, GV, and the strength of the knee extensor and flexor compared to the group I. In conclusion, rehabilitation programs for stroke patients within 3 to 6 months after stroke onset significantly contributed to improve functional performance of the lower extremities. It is desirable for improvement of functional performance of the lower extremities to perform additional exercise with routine rehabilitative therapy.

This study aims to examine the relationship between total quality management(TQM) practices and operational performance perceived by employees who are in different functional organization types, R&D function and Non-R&D function organization in manufactur