Research and development activities have been actively conducted at universities, research institutions and research laboratories which belong to corporations. Because of blooming research and development activities in various fields, safety accidents in the laboratories happen consistently. The government office established Act on the establishment of safe laboratory environment to decrease safety accident rates and make environment of laboratories better, and it is effective slowly. However, in the case of laboratory safety management of the laboratory where various research and development activities are carried out. So it is difficult to closely monitor them. Even though safety inspections and periodic inspections is regularly conducted, these are focused on facilities and environment. According to a study of Dea-deok science town safety council, accidents in laboratories of 73% have arisen out of careless actions. Therefore, it is important for researchers to know to potential harmful factors in research. there is necessary to make a system to prevent laboratory accidents. The purpose of this study is that the researchers discovered potential hazard factors in laboratories. For that, foreign laboratory safety management systems has applied to domestic laboratories. Four laboratories in targeted institution has been selected to apply the appropriate personal protection equipments, job safety assessment and standard operating procedures. And I found the limitations of the process according to the excavations harmful factors in the research process. To overcome these limitations, Suggest a laboratory safety management system. This study discovered current laboratory safety system limitations and provides alternatives so that effective safety management can be achieved

목 적: 청광차단안경렌즈의 청광차단율을 확인하기 위해 기준이 되는 공인인증 장비와 국산장비를 이용 해 제조사별, 굴절력별 차단율 측정값을 비교, 분석 하였다. 방 법: 청광차단안경렌즈 중 국내 제조업체 2곳, 외국 제조업체 1곳의 렌즈를 대상으로 구면굴절력 0.00 D, -3.00 D, -5.00 D로 분류하여 청광차단율을 측정하였다. 측정 장비는 일본 HITACHI사의 U-4100과 국 내 HUVITZ사의 HLM-9000을 사용하였다. 결 과: U-4100을 사용하여 415nm 파장대의 청광차단안경렌즈 청광차단율을 측정한 결과 D사, C사, N 사 제품의 청광차단율이 0.00 D에서 19.7%, 54.9%, 29.4%로 측정되었고, -3.00 D에서 20.9%, 55.2%, 33.2%로, -5.00 D에서는 28.3%, 73.1%, 36.1%로 각각 측정되었다. 결 론: 청광차단안경렌즈의 청광차단율은 제조사별, 굴절력별 차이가 발생했다. 안경원에서 청광차단안 경렌즈를 판매할 때 청광차단율을 제시하며 시환경에 맞는 적합한 렌즈를 소개한다면 소비자의 안경사에 대 한 신뢰도를 한층 더 높일 것으로 판단된다.

The risk-based assessment, also called time-based assessment of structure is usually performed to provide seismic risk evaluation of a target structure for its entire life-cycle, e.g. 50 years. The prediction of collapse probability is the estimator in the risk-based assessment. While the risk-based assessment is the key in the performance-based earthquake engineering, its application is very limited because this evaluation method is very expensive in terms of simulation and computational efforts. So the evaluation database for many archetype structures usually serve as representative of the specific system. However, there is no such an assessment performed for building stocks in Korea. Consequently, the performance objective of current building code, KBC is not clear at least in a quantitative way. This shortcoming gives an unresolved issue to insurance industry, socio-economic impact, seismic safety policy in national and local governments. In this study, we evaluate the comprehensive seismic performance of an low-rise residential buildings with discontinuous structural walls, so called piloti-type structure which is commonly found in low-rise domestic building stocks. The collapse probability is obtained using the risk integral of a conditioned collapse capacity function and regression of current hazard curve. Based on this approach it is expected to provide a robust tool to seismic safety policy as well as seismic risk analysis such as Probable Maximum Loss (PML) commonly used in the insurance industry.

The trawl fishery is an important fishery accounting for around 30.0% of adjacent water fishery production in Korea, and the commercial fishing is associated with high rate of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury. The hazard analysis for the fishermen's safety of offshore trawler was conducted to serve as basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fishermen using fishermen's occupational accidents of the national federation of fisheries cooperatives (NFFC) from 2012 to 2014 (n=464). As a result, the occupational accident occurrence rate of large powered trawl fishery was 241.4‰ in east sea trawl fishery, 6.9 times the rate of that. In addition, death and missing rate was found to have very serious level management to 97.7‱ in east sea trawl fishery of death at 6.2 times. The accident occurred in 91.7 to 100.0% was happened at sea. The slipping, others and struck by object and son on occurred more frequently in order in the frequency of accident occurrence pattern. However, the occurrence rate of death and missing did not match the frequency of accident pattern. In other words, slipping occurred more frequently while death and missing risk was not high. The fall in the waters was low while death and missing risk was high. The results are expected to help identify and assess safety hazard occurred in offshore trawlers.

최근 미국 노스리지 지진(1994)과 일본 고베 지진(1995) 발생 이후 다양한 구조물 및 건축물을 설계할 때 성능 기반 설계 개념이 적극적으로 도입되고 있다. 성능기반 설계가 도입되면서 구조물 각각의 성능에 적합한 연발생빈도의 등재해도 스펙트럼이 요구되고 있다. 10 인의 지진 및 지체구조 전문가가 제시한 국내 및 미국 중동부에서 개발된 스 펙트럴 지반진동 감쇠식과 다수의 지진지체구조구 모델을 사용하였다. 인구 밀도가 높은 5개 주요 도시에 대해 확률론 적 방법을 이용하여 등지진재해도 스펙트럼을 분석하였다. 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 Hz 및 PGA에 대해 확률론적 지진재 해도 결과를 이용하여 500년, 1,000년 및 2,500년의 3개 재현주기에 대해 등재해도 스펙트럼을 분석하였다. 민감도 분석 결과 각각의 고유 진동수에 해당하는 지반진동 감쇠식이 지진지체구조구 모델에 비하여 지진재해도에 보다 커다란 영향을 주었다. 마지막으로 등재해도 스펙트럼은 공통적으로 10 Hz에서 최대값을 보여 주었고, 원자력 관련 기술기준 또는 기존 연구에서 제시된 등지진재해도 스펙트럼과 수준과 모앙 특성에서 유사성을 보여주었다.

Purpose: This study was tried to identify the effects of simulation program by applying hazard perception training on self-efficacy of patient safety, error recovery and problemsolving process in nursing students. Methods: A nonequivalent control group designed was used. The study was composed of hazard perception training and simulation program. Sixteen teams of a total of 61 nursing students participated in the simulation program using a high fidelity simulator. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, χ2-test and t-test using PASW 18.0 program. Result: There were statistically signigicant in self-efficacy of patient safety(t=2.55, p=.013), error recovery(t=2.82, p=.007), and problem-solving process(t=3.29, p=.002) in the experimental group. Conclusion: These results indicate that the simulation program by applying hazard perception training is effective in improving self-efficacy of patient safety, error recovery and problem-solving process for nursing students. Further study is recommended to confirm the long-term effects of the simulation program by applying hazard perception training.

축산 관련 작업 시 미세분진, 곰팡이, 세균, 가축의 배설물 등, 축사현장 환경여건이 작업자에게 위해한 영향을 미칠 우려가 있어 본 연구에서는 인수공통질병(병원성 대장 균, 살모넬라균 등)과 동물 병원성 바이러스 등에 의한 질병의 방역, 살처분 작업현장 및 축산업 종사자들이 사용하는 1회용 피복제로 외부로부터 인체 내로 접촉 또는 침투 되는 입자상물질(aerosol, particle, virus)과 방역 시 사용되는 액상 및 입자상 소독약 품의 유해화학물질(글루타르 알데히드, 구연산, 복합염류, 탄산소다, 가성소다) 감염예 방 및 생물학적 위해요인으로부터 보호하기 위한 내수도, 투습도, 내화학 특성이 우수한 PTFE membrane 복합 방역보호복 개발하고자 한다. 방역보호복 제품 3종을 실험 결과 병원성대장균 E. coli 0157에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국 내제품은 99.996%, 수입제품은 99.999%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이 상 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였고. S. gallinarium에서는 PTFE 복합원 단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.997%, 수입제품은 99.999%로 시험군보 다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999% 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였으며 S. typhimurium에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.996%, 수입제품은 99.995%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상 병원성대장균을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였다. 원충2종 실험에서 Eimeria coccidium과 Toxoplasma gondii에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.999%이상, 수 입제품은 99.999%이상으로 PTFE 복합원단과 국내제품, 수입제품 모두가 99.999%이 상 원충을 Capturing하는 결과를 보였다. 마지막으로 Influenza virus A 실험에서는 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상, 시험군인 국내제품은 99.944%, 수입제품은 99.937%로 시험군보다 PTFE 복합원단이 99.999%이상 바이러스를 Capturing하는 결 과를 보였다. 본 실험결과 개발제품인 PTFE membrane 복합 방역보호복 소재가 병원 성바이러스 3종과, 원충 2종, 바이러스가 보호복에 붙었을 경우, 특수한 결합에 의해 보호복이 병원균을 잡아주는 역할을 하여 2차 감염을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다.

The key features of maritime accidents are the change of their attributes by new risks from time to time. To prevent maritime accidents in Korea, the impacts by new risks on domestic safety environments should be identified or predicted. The purpose of this paper is to find the hazard factors by new risks on maritime safety in Korea. The meaning of new risks is the elements of accident hazard which is compiled from new or rare or unprecedented events in the worldwide maritime transportations. The problems of new risks are the lacks of optimum countermeasures to mitigate accident risks. Using the questionnaires with 152 event scenarios classified by 20 accident causes, the hazard identification and risk analysis of new risks was performed based on the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) by IMO. A total of 22 Influence Diagrams, which is to depict the transit flows between accident causes to consequences, is used in the construction of 152 event scenarios. A total of 20 accidents causes is the same contents as the causation factors represented in Statistical Year Book for Maritime Accidents of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunals. After defining the evaluation equations to the response results of questionnaires by 46 experts, the work for risk analysis is carried out. As results from the analysis of 152 scenarios, it is known that the root cause to affect on maritime safety in Korea is the pressure of business competition and it led to the lacks of well experienced crews, the overload of vessel operations and crew's fatigue. In addition, as results from the analysis of 20 accident causes, the three accident causes are to be candidate as main issues in Korea such as the inadequate preparedness of departure, the neglecting of watch keeping in bridge and the inadequate management of ship operations. All of the results are thought to be as basic hazard factors to safety impediments. It is thus found that the optimum Risk Control Options to remove the hazard factors and to mitigate consequences required are the following two factors: business competition and crewing problems.

본 연구에서는 재분석 자료(reanalysis data)를 이용하여 동아시아 계절별 평균 기상장을 분석함으로써 동아시아 주요 화산체 분화 시 화산재 확산에 따른 피해 위험 지역을 예측해보고자 하였다. 또한 FALL3D 모형으로 임의의 과거 6개월 간 가상의 백두산 분 화에 따른 화산재 확산 결과를 모의하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 화산재 확산 패턴을 클러스터로 유형화하였다. 마찬가지로 FALL3D에 이용된 WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model) 기상장 데이터를 기반으로 기상장 클러스터를 정의하였다. 화산재 클러스터와 기상장 클러스터를 비교분석함으로써 화산 분화 당시의 기상장이 화산재 확산 패턴에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 한반도의 고유한 지진-지체구조 특성이 반영된 입력자료를 사용하여 한반도의 확률론적 지진 위험지도를 제작하는 것이다. 지진입력자료들은 다수의 전문가에 의해 제공받았으며, 최대지반가속도(Peak Ground Acceleration: PGA)에 대한 지진위험도값은 USGS 지진재해도 프로그램(Harmsen, 2008)을 일부 수정하여 산출하였다. 전문가들로부터 제공된 지진입력자료들의 불확실성은 논리수목 방법을 적용하여 최종 지진재해도 계산에 반영하였다. PGA 분포 패턴은 각 전문가들이 제시한 면적지진원도 형상에 매우 민감하며, 그 형상과 유사한 모양을 보여준다. 지진 위험지도는 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250, 500년 동안 초과확률 10%에 해당하는 최대지반가속도를 등치선 형태로 나타내었다. 모든 재현주기에서 황해도 일대를 제외한 북한지역이 남한지역보다 현저하게 낮은(약 50%) PGA 기댓값을 나타낸 다. 전체적으로 남한의 동남부 일대와 북한의 황해도 일대가 약간 높은 값을 보이면서 북서-남동 방향으로 등치도 값의 분포가 신장되어 나타남을 보인다. 또한, 강원도 북부 일대가 타 지역에 비해 약간 낮아지는 경향을 보인다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 주요 구조물의 내진성능 향상을 위한 기초자료로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The tsunami hazard analysis is performed for testing the application of probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis to nuclear power plant sites in the Korean Peninsula. Tsunami hazard analysis is based on the seismic hazard analysis. Probabilistic method is adopted for considering the uncertainties caused by insufficient information of tsunamigenic fault sources. Logic tree approach is used. Uljin nuclear power plant (NPP) site is selected for this study. The tsunamigenic fault sources in the western part of Japan (East Sea) are used for this study because those are well known fault sources in the East Sea and had several records of tsunami hazards. We have performed numerical simulations of tsunami propagation for those fault sources in the previous study. Therefore we use the wave parameters obtained from the previous study. We follow the method of probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) suggested by the atomic energy society of Japan (AESJ). Annual exceedance probabilities for wave height level are calculated for the site by using the information about the recurrence interval, the magnitude range, the wave parameters, the truncation of lognormal distribution of wave height, and the deviation based on the difference between simulation and record. Effects of each parameters on tsunami hazard are tested by the sensitivity analysis, which shows that the recurrence interval and the deviation dominantly affects the annual exceedance probability and the wave heigh level, respectively.

본 연구는 고산지역에서 발생한 토석류를 중심으로 수량화이론을 이용하여 산림환경인자가 붕괴토사 량에 미치는 영향 분석을 통해 예방적인 측면에서 토석류 발생 위험성에 대한 예측기준을 작성하였다. 산사태 재해로 인한 토석류 발생에 영향을 미치는 각 인자의 기여도는 횡단사면(0.6647)이 가장 높고, 다음으로는 임상(0.3709), 토심(0.3527), 경사(0.2580), 사면위치(0.2392), 종단사면(0.1690) 순으로 나 타났다. 토석류 발생 위험 기여도가 높은 6개 인자의 category별 상대점수 범위는 0점에서 0.2055점 사이에 분포하고 있으며, 중앙값은 1.0274점으로 나타났다. 이 점수를 기준으로 토석류 발생 위험성을 4개 등급으로 구분한 예측 판정표를 작성하였다. Ⅰ등급의 점수는 1.5413 이상, Ⅱ등급은 1.0275 ~ 1.5412, Ⅲ등급은 0.5138 ~ 1.0274, IV등급은 0.5137 이하로 나타나 1등급 및 2등급에서 산사태 발생 비율이 96%로서 비교적 높은 적중률을 보였다. 따라서 본 판정표는 고산지역에 있어서 산사태로 인한 토석류 발생 위험도 판정에 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The incidents related to transporting hazardous materials may cause serious impacts on neighborhood and surrounding areas. It is essential to have a real-time safe management system for incidents prevention of transporting hazardous materials. Currently, the system is not integrated into one channel, which makes it difficult to control an incidents response. Another problem is that event status is not appropriately shared among authorities having responsibilities taking down the incidents. This paper investigates previous studies covering the real-time safety management system for hazard material transports and suggests an integrated management system that helps communicate effectively and promptly.

Domestic plant construction sites have a tendency to become bigger, more various and complicated. Moreover frequency of industrial incident is increasing due to short project period, coexistence work condition and using heavy construction equipment. Installing safety facilities and safety training contribute to prevent incident. But mostly incident happens due to workers’ unsafe action and wrong work method. Technically, it is very difficult for us to closely manage workers preventing incident. Therefore, the role of foreman who ordinarily works together with his workers is considered more important. Specific execution plan was drawn through industrial incident statistics from Ministry of Labor and questionnaire survey to interest parties(supervisor, safety staff and foreman). If foreman has raised sense of belonging and responsibility by conducting practical safety training for his workers, manages job site and receives proper compensation for these roles, it will be expected that it fully influences incident decrease.

본 연구는 지진위험도 산출에서 불확실성을 줄이는 한 방법으로서 지진위험도 계산에 입력되는 파라미터들(a, b값, Mmax, 감쇠식 및 지진지체구조)이 지진위험도 값에 어느 정도로 영향을 미치는지 민감도를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 지진 전문가 10명이 제시한 입력자료를 사용하였다. 그 결과 a값, Mmax값이 커질수록 PGA값이 증가하였으며, b값은 작아질수록 PGA값이 커졌다. 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 파라메타는 감쇄식, b값 및 a값이며, Mmax와 지진지체구조구 모델의 영향은 상당히 적었다. 따라서 영향이 큰 파라메타에 대해서는 한반도의 지진학적 특성에 적합한 값의 산출이 요구된다.

본 연구는 능소화를 대상으로 화분형태 및 RAW264.7 대식세포에서의 세포생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 유해성 여부를 파악하고자 한다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 화분 형태를 확인해 본 결과, 화분립 형태는 장구형이고 발아구의 형태는 3공구형이며 화분 표벽 (extine)은 망상의 형태이고 외부로 돌출된 돌기는 관찰되지 않았다. 능소화 70% MeOH 부위별 (꽃, 잎, 줄기) 추출물 및 화밀을 24, 48시간 동안 농도별 (10, 20, 50, 100 μg mL-1)로 RAW264.7 대식세포에 처리한 후 MTT assay로 측정하였다. 그 결과, 능소화 추출물 및 화밀을 농도별로 24시간 처리하였을 때 모든 농도에서 99.0% 이상의 세포생존율을 보여 세포독성은 나타나지 않았다. 48시간 처리하였을 때 꽃, 잎, 줄기 추출물은 50 μg mL-1농도 이하에서 세포독성은 나타나지 않았으나, 화밀의 경우 저농도인 10 μg mL-1부터 농도의존적으로 세포독성이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다.

The powered purse seine fishery is an important fishery accounting for 19.4% of adjacent water fishery production in Korea, and the commercial fishing is associated with high rate of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury. The hazard analysis for the fishermen’s safety of offshore large powered purse seiner was conducted to serve as a basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fishermen using fishermen’s occupational accidents of the national federation of fisheries cooperatives (NFFC) in 2013 (n=583). As a result, the occupational accident occurrence rate of this fishery was 182.6‰ in all industries 30.9 times the rate of that. In addition, death and missing rate was found to have a very serious level management to 25.1‱ in all industries of death of 17.5 times. The accident occurred in 72.3 to 85.8% was happened at sea. The others, slipping and struck by object etc occurred more frequently in order in the frequency of accident occurrence pattern. However, the occurrence rate of death and missing did not match the frequency of accident pattern. In other words, slipping occurred frequently higher while death and missing risk was not high. And the contact with fishing gear and fall in the waters was low while death and missing risk was high. The results are expected to contribute for identification and assessment of safety hazard occurred in offshore large powered purse seiners.