Background: As the number of households raising companion dogs increases, the pet genetic analysis market also continues to grow. However, most studies have focused on specific purposes or native breeds. This study aimed to collect genomic data through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip analysis of companion dogs in South Korea and perform genetic diversity analysis and SNP annotation. Methods: We collected samples from 95 dogs belonging to 26 breeds, including mixed breeds, in South Korea. The SNP genotypes were obtained for each sample using an Axiom™ Canine HD Array. Quality control (QC) was performed to enhance the accuracy of the analysis. A genetic diversity analysis was performed for each SNP. Results: QC initially selected SNPs, and after excluding non-diverse ones, 621,672 SNPs were identified. Genetic diversity analysis revealed minor allele frequencies, polymorphism information content, expected heterozygosity, and observed heterozygosity values of 0.220, 0.244, 0.301, and 0.261, respectively. The SNP annotation indicated that most variations had an uncertain or minimal impact on gene function. However, approximately 16,000 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) have been found to significantly alter gene function or affect exons by changing translated amino acids. Conclusions: This study obtained data on SNP genetic diversity and functional SNPs in companion dogs raised in South Korea. The results suggest that establishing an SNP set for individual identification could enable a gene-based registration system. Furthermore, identifying and researching nsSNPs related to behavior and diseases could improve dog care and prevent abandonment.

The objective of this study was to achieve biological control of green mold disease in Pyogo mushrooms using antagonistic microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis BSM320 cells inhibited mycelial growth by 48–60% against three Trichodermaisolates including T. hazianumisolated from the substrates of Lentinula edodes, showing their antifungal activity.The bacteria were cultured to a high density of 4.2 x 109±113.7 cfu/mlin aqueous extract of composted spent mushroom substrates of L. edodes containing 1% glucose and showed a higher growth rate than that observed when using the commercial medium, Luria-Bertani broth. The bacterial culture showed a 75% protective effect without damaging the mushroom fruiting bodies. These results suggest that B. subtilis BSM320culture is suitable for biological control of green mold disease during mushroom cultivation.

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of the plan to transform the residential complex into a space that can provide an open residential environment that can lead to social communication and exchange without being closed to the urban residential environment, especially in the apartment complex environment, which is becoming more dense. As a result of the Openness analysis of the ‘Codan Shinonome Canal Court’, the overall accessibility was good in terms of space utilization, and the openness was low in terms of the spatial composition, which is a physical environment due to the dense block type. When looking at the overall openness of the Codan Sinonome complex in terms of analysis by block, the corrected openness index (C.O.I) for all six blocks was 0.245, the corrected accessibility index (C.A.I) was 1.447 and the openness composite index (O.C.I) was assessed at 1.692. This was due to the formation of high-density block-type urban dwellings and the introduction of S-shaped streets and the layout of low-rise urban support facilities and commercial facilities. The Codan Sinonome Canal Court, which is considered an “open city residence,” quantitatively confirmed that it embodies macro-space structure and human-scale space environment even in high-precision environments.

Solid state grain growth (SSCG) is a method of growing large single crystals from seed single crystals by abnormal grain growth in a small-grained matrix. During grain growth, pores are often trapped in the matrix and remain in single crystals. Aerosol deposition (AD) is a method of manufacturing films with almost full density from nano grains by causing high energy collision between substrates and ceramic powders. AD and SSCG are used to grow single crystals with few pores. BaTiO3 films are coated on (100) SrTiO3 seeds by AD. To generate grain growth, BaTiO3 films are heated to 1,300 oC and held for 10 h, and entire films are grown as single crystals. The condition of grain growth driving force is ΔGmax < ΔGc ≤ ΔGseed. On the other hand, the condition of grain growth driving force in BaTiO3 AD films heat-treated at 1,100 and 1,200 oC is ΔGc < ΔGmax, and single crystals are not grown.

본 연구는 고밀도폴리에틸렌 코편을 마스크에 적용 후 MRI 검사에 사용하여 SNR의 변화를 측정하고 만족도를 평가하였다. 연구 방법은 팬텀을 이용하여 HDPE 마스크 적용 전 후의 SNR 측정과 KF 94 마스크 적용 전 후의 SNR 측정을 하였고, 사용한 기법은 T1WI, T2WI, DWI였다. 또한 HDPE 마스크 착용군의 T2 mDixon, 3D T1영상 획득 후 안와와 교뇌의 SNR을 측정하였고, 설문을 통하여 MRI 검사 시 답답함 정도와 호흡의 용이성, HDPE 마스크의 선호도 평가를 하였다. 팬텀 실험 결과 HDPE 마스크 사용 전과 후의 SNR은 유의한 차이가 없었으며(p>0.05), KF 94 마스크는 적용 전 값과 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). HDPE 마스크 착용군의 SNR 측정 결과에서는 미착용군과 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 마스크 착용 후 답답한 정도 측정 결과 착용군은 3.53 ± 0.73, 미착용군은 3.83 ± 0.75이었고, 호흡의 용이성 측정 결과 HDPE 마스크 착용군은 3.1 ± 0.89, 미착용군은 3.27 ± 0.91으로 나타났고, 두 조사 결과 모두 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). HDPE 마스크의 선호도는 4.48 ± 0.54으로 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 HDPE 마스크는 착용 후에도 MRI 영상의 신호 변화 없이 정확한 검사가 가능하고 환자의 만족도 또한 높게 평가되었기에 검사 중 호흡기 감염 예방을 위해 적극적으로 사용되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The current density in copper electroplating is directly related with the productivity; then, to increase the productivity, an increase in current density is required. This study is based on an analysis of changes in surface characteristics and mechanical properties by applying the addition of Alcian Blue (AB, C56H68Cl4CuN16S4). The amount of Alcian Blue in the electrolytes is changed from 0 to 100 ppm. When Alcian Blue is added at 20 ppm, a seed layer is formed homogeneously on the surface at the initial stage of nucleation. However, crystals electroplated in electrolytes with more than 40 ppm of Alcian Blue are observed to have growth in the vertical direction on the surface and the shapes are like pyramids. This tendency of initial nucleation formation causes protrusions when the thickness of copper foil is 12 μm. Thereafter, a lot of extrusions are observed on the group of 100 ppm Alcian Blue. Tensile strength of groups with added Alcian Blue increased by more than 140% compare to no-addition group, but elongation is reduced. These results are due to the decrease of crystal size and changes of prior crystal growth plane from (111) and (200) to (220) due to Alcian Blue.

개(Canis lupus familiaris)는 인간의 소외 현상을 개선하고, 공동체 생활 의식 향상에 기여하는 반려동물이다. 반려견 품종을 명확히 관리하는 것은 유전병을 감소시키거나, 형질 개량, 종 다양성 유지 등을 위해 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 고밀도 SNP 칩 유전자형 데이터와 기계학습 기술을 이용하여, 유전자형 데이터에 기반한 품종 식별이 가능한지, 가능하다면 최소 몇 개의 유전마커로 품종 식별을 유의하게 수행할 수 있는지 확인하기 위하여, 반려견 11 품종 226두의 23K SNP 칩 데이터를 분석하였다. 9종의 기계학습 다중범주 분류 알고리즘과 2종의 특징 선택 방법의 성능을 비교하여, 선형 서포트 벡터 머신 분류기와 주성분 분석 특징 기여도를 이용한 특징 선택 방법을 이용했을 때, 11종의 반려견 품종을 90% 이상 정확도로 식별하였으며, 이 때 40개의 유전마커가 필요함을 확인하였다. 최종 선발 된 40개의 반려견 품종 식별 유전마커는 타 질병 예측 마커와 결합하여 유전자 검사 키트로 제작될 수 있으며, 반려견 품종 관리 및 질병 관리 기술로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study examines paraelectric Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 (BZN), which has no hysteresis and high dielectric strength, for energy density capacitor applications. To increase the breakdown dielectric strength of the BZN film further, poly(vinylidene fluoride) BZN-PVDF composite film is fabricated by aerosol deposition. The volume ratio of each composition is calculated using dielectric constant of each composition, and we find that it was 12:88 vol% (BZN:PVDF). To modulate the structure and dielectric properties of the ferroelectric polymer PVDF, the composite film is heat-treated at 200 oC for 5 and 30 minutes following quenching. The amount of α-phase in the PVDF increases with an increasing annealing time, which in turn decreases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The breakdown dielectric strength of the BZN film increases by mixing PVDF. However, the breakdown field decreases with an increasing annealing time. The BZN-PVDF composite film has the energy density of 4.9 J/cm3, which is larger than that of the pure BZN film of 3.6 J/cm3.

Lithium-ion batteries have been considered the most important devices to power mobile or small-sized devices due to their high energy density. LixCoO2 has been studied as a cathode material for the Li-ion battery. However, the limitation of its capacity impedes the development of high capacity cathode materials with Ni, Mn, etc. in them. The substitution of Mn and Ni for Co leads to the formation of solid solution phase LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC, both x and y < 1), which shows better battery performance than unsubstituted LiCoO2. However, despite a high discharge capacity in the Ni-rich compound (Ni > 0.8 in the metal site), poor cycle retention capability still remains to be overcome. In this study, aiming to improve the stability of the physical and chemical bonding, we investigate the stabilization effect of Ca in the Ni-rich layered compound Li(Ni0.83Co0.12Mn0.05)O2, and then Ca is added to the modified secondary particles to lower the degree of cationic mixing of the final particles. For the optimization of the final grains added with Ca, the Ca content (x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 at.%) versus Li is analyzed.

Activated carbons (ACs) have been used as electrode materials of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) due to their high specific surface areas (SSA), stability, and ecological advantages. In order to make high-energy-density ACs for EDLC, petroleum pitch (PP) precarbonized at 500–1000°C in N2 gas for 1 h was used as the electrode material of the EDLC after KOH activation. As the pre-carbonization temperature increased, the SSA, pore volume and gravimetric capacitance tended to decrease, but the crystallinity and electrode density tended to increase, showing a maximum volumetric capacitance at a medium carbonization temperature. Therefore, it was possible to control the crystalline structure, SSA, and pore structure of AC by changing the pre-carbonization temperature. Because the electrode density increased with increasing of the pre-carbonization temperature, the highest volumetric capacitance of 28.4 F/cc was obtained from the PP pre-carbonized at 700°C, exhibiting a value over 150% of that of a commercial AC (MSP-20) for EDLC. Electrochemical activation was observed from the electrodes of PP as they were pre-carbonized at high temperatures above 700°C and then activated by KOH. This process was found to have a significant effect on the specific capacitance and it was demonstrated that the higher charging voltage of EDLC was, the greater the electrochemical activation effect was.

This study aimed to develop the movable bed cultivating system for strawberry cultivation that enables to increase crop yield and save labor through high-density cultivation. In comparison with a conventional raised-bed system, the best feature of the system is a culture bed moving freely, left, right, up and down. This system consists of four devices; longitudinally- and laterally-moving device, nutrient solution supply device, and a control device. A comparative study showed that there was no significant difference on strawberry growth between a conventional raised bed and the movable bed cultivation systems. In addition, the change of growing environment to high-density cultivation did not influence strawberry growth, which proved the applicability of the movable bed cultivation system. Additional finding of this study showed that about 1.7 times more plants can be planted in movable beds. High-density cultivating using movable beds enables to plant more strawberry within the same cultivated area, which eventually contribute to reduce energy consumption per strawberry.

An attempt was made to investigate the effect of the preparation temperature on the electro-capacitive performance of polypyrrole (PPY)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites (PNCs). For this purpose, a series of PNCs were prepared at various temperatures by the cetyltrimeth-ylammonium bromide-assisted dilute-solution polymerization of pyrrole in presence of GO (wt%) ranging from 1.0 to 4.0 with ferric chloride as an oxidant. The formation of the PNCs was ascertained through Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction spectra, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry. The electrocapacitive performance of the electrodes derived from sulphonated polysulphone-bound PNCs was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry with reference to Ag/AgCl at a scan rate (V/s) ranging from 0.2 and 0.001 in potassium hydroxide (1.0 M). The incorporation of GO into the PPY matrix at a reduced temperature has a pronounced effect on the electrocapacitive performance of PNCs. Under identical scan rates (0.001 V/s), PNCs prepared at 10 ± 1°C render improved specificconductivity (526.33 F/g) and power density (731.19 W/Kg) values compared to those prepared at 30 ± 1°C (217.69 F/g, 279.43 W/Kg). PNCs prepared at 10 ± 1°C rendered a capacitive retention rate of ~96% during the first500 cycles. This indicates the excellent cyclic stability of the PNCs prepared at reduced tempera-tures for supercapacitor applications.