간행물
Carbon Letters KCI 등재 Carbon letters
- 발행기관 한국탄소학회
- 자료유형 학술지
- 간기 연7회
- ISSN 1976-4251 (Print)2233-4998 (Online)
- 수록기간 2000 ~ 2026
- 주제분류 자연과학 > 자연과학일반 자연과학 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 530DDC 620
권호리스트/논문검색
Vol.36 No.1 (2026년 2월) 31건
1.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, exhibit exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, making them highly suitable for applications in energy storage and wearable devices. Despite Floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) is a scalable, one-step method capable of fabricating CNT aerogels, fibers, and sheets. A key advantage of FCCVD lies in its tunability of CNT properties such as aspect ratio, crystallinity, wall number, and chirality during synthesis, which are critical parameters for optimizing electrochemical performance. However, as-synthesized CNTs typically contain impurities such as residual catalysts, graphitic impurities and amorphous carbon, necessitating post-synthesis purification and functionalization to improve their compatibility with polymer matrices and composite systems. CNTs are widely used as active materials and conductive networks in batteries and supercapacitors, contributing to enhanced both energy and power density. Despite these advantages, CNT based devices still face challenges including variability in properties, cost, scalability, and integration issues such as structural non-uniformity, and inconsistent assemblies that limit cycle life and reproducibility. Various purification and functionalization strategies have been developed to improve the CNT quality for device integration. This review outlines FCCVDbased CNT synthesis, purification and functionalization methods, and highlights the critical roles CNTs play in advancing next-generation lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
5,500원
2.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The rapid development of precise diagnosis and treatment of diabetes has imposed higher requirements for the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of glucose sensors. Given the bottlenecks of traditional carbon nanotubes in electrochemical sensing applications, such as low purity, numerous structural defects, and poor biocompatibility, this paper systematically reviews the mechanism of glucose detection, preparation and purification of high-purity carbon nanotubes, and the preparation methods and advantages of carbon nanotube-metal nanoparticle composite electrodes. To address these critical limitations, this review focuses on three interconnected aspects of CNT-based glucose sensing technology. First, the catalyst regeneration, dynamic process control and green carbon source substitution have effectively overcome the problems of high energy consumption, low purity and environmental burden of traditional methods. Second, the purification and innovative functionalization of carbon nanotubes have significantly improved their purity and electrochemical performance. Finally, the preparation method of a carbon nanotube-metal nanoparticle composite electrode is described. It not only achieves the precise spatial positioning of the catalytic active center, but also significantly enhances the long-term stability of the electrode through the synergistic regulation of chemical bonding strength and interface electronic structure. These advancements lay a theoretical foundation for the development of a new generation of wearable sensors with antibiofouling properties and resistance to complex physiological interferences.
11,000원
3.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
As the global need for clean and sustainable energy sources grows, research into alternatives to fossil fuels has intensified. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out among new photovoltaic technologies due to their impressive efficiencies and cost-effective, solution-based production. However, their long-term instability poses a significant challenge to their commercialization. This review offers a thorough examination of recent advancements in improving PSC performance by incorporating carbon-based materials, such as carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black into various components of the devices. These materials provide distinct benefits, including outstanding chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, environmental durability, and compatibility with scalable manufacturing methods. By evaluating synthesis methods, interfacial engineering techniques, and performance results, this article demonstrates how carbon materials can enhance device efficiency, mechanical flexibility, and operational stability simultaneously. The review concludes by identifying future opportunities and research directions for carbon-enhanced PSCs, paving the way for cost-effective, durable, and sustainable next-generation solar technologies.
9,000원
4.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Recent advances in the hydrogenative rearrangement of furfural into cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol
The efficient utilization of biomass resources has garnered substantial research interest as a strategic approach to mitigate reliance on fossil fuels and achieve waste valorization. Furfural (FFA), a renewable biomass-derived platform compound, offers an environmentally benign pathway for producing oxygenated value-added chemicals such as cyclopentanone (CPO) and cyclopentanol (CPL) through hydrogenative rearrangement, thereby offering an alternative to conventional petroleum-based decarboxylative cyclization methods. Over the past decade, significant research efforts have been dedicated to optimizing the catalytic hydrogenation and rearrangement of FFA into CPO/CPL, with a focus on enhancing catalytic efficiency, product selectivity, cost competitiveness, and environmental sustainability. This review systematically discusses the structural characteristics, catalytic performances, and reaction mechanisms of diverse metal-based catalysts, with particular emphasis on how active sites modulate reaction pathways and reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the key innovations in catalyst engineering are analyzed and the promising pathways to design catalytic systems combining high activity, selectivity, and stability for sustainable FFA upgrading into CPO/CPL are proposed.
4,900원
5.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Porous hard carbon has recently gained attention as an anode material for KIB because of its superior potassium ion storage performance. In this study, an efficient method for producing polyethylene-based hollow porous carbon is presented. Partial sulfonation was applied, and the porosity of the resulting carbon material was regulated by the sulfonation time. A hollow structure with the high specific surface area of 173.3 m2/g was achieved via partial sulfonation and carbonization without additional activation. Using polyethylene (PE)-based porous carbon as an anode material for KIB, a high specific discharge capacity of 187 mAh/g and excellent rate capability at 1000 mA/g were achieved. Moreover, potassium-ion storage mechanisms were identified and compared with those of non-porous PE-based carbon anodes. This study provides an effective method for preparing porous PE-based carbon with superior energy storage performance.
4,000원
6.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The sandwich structure with ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) skin and carbon form (CF) core is the ideal thermal structural components with excellent thermal protective and lightweight properties in hypersonic vehicles. However, the temperature gradient and mismatch of thermal conductivity between CMC skin and CF core result in the thermal stress in sandwich structures. Therefore, core material CF with matching thermal conductivity have become very important to prevent cracks and debonding of the sandwich structure. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced carbon foam composites with different microstructure were fabricated using simple phenolic resin foaming followed by CVI process. The prepared CF display a very low density of 0.075 g/cm3 and a relatively high compressive strength of 1.65 MPa. By controlling the distribution position and content of CNTs the thermal conductivity of core materials CF/ CNTs (4.93 W·m− 1·K− 1 which is ~ 13 times higher than that of CF) can be regulated to compatibility with CMCs skin (3.5 ~ 6.0 W/m·K). And the thermal conductivity evolution mechanisms of the CF/CNTs from room temperature to 1200 ℃ were revealed. High interfacial thermal resistance by phonon scattering between the CF and CNTs blocks the solid conduction of materials at room temperature. With the increase of the temperature, radiative heat transfer between CF and CNTs becomes more violent and dominates the heat transfer path. The C/CMCs-CMCs sandwich structure was fabricated quickly by the in situ foaming method.
4,300원
7.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Constructing high-density single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) network assemblies is essential for improving their electrical conductivity. However, controlling the nanoporosity, including specific surface area (SSA) and pore structure, is critical for maintaining reversible capacity in CNT-based energy storage systems. In this study, we investigated a solution-based strategy using acid and surfactant treatments to enhance the electrical conductivity of SWCNT networks while minimizing changes in nanoporosity. HNO3/H2SO4 acid treatment and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)- assisted dispersion were applied to form uniform, densely packed SWCNT assemblies. Acid treatment increased the SSA from 246 to 732 m2 g⁻1 and the micropore volume from 0.06 to 0.28 mL g⁻1. In contrast, SDBS treatment moderately increased the SSA (246 to 350 m2·g⁻1) with minor changes in meso/microporosity and preserved the overall pore structure well. In addition the electrical conductivity increased by a factor of 3.5 after acid treatment and by a factor of 6 after SDBS treatment, reaching 1.39 × 105 and 2.36 × 105 S m⁻1, respectively. These results demonstrate that SDBS treatment, via surfactant-driven reassembly, offers a simple, scalable, and structure-preserving strategy to tailor nanoporosity and enhance the performance of SWCNT-based electrochemical devices.
4,200원
8.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Mn-based catalysts like hopcalite (Cu–Mn oxide) are widely studied for low-temperature CO oxidation, with efforts focused on enhancing their redox properties. Incorporating defect-free graphene as a support has shown promise in improving both structural and catalytic performance, making the development of scalable graphene-supported Cu–MnOx (Gr/Cu–MnOx) composites highly desirable. In this study, fluid flow control systems were effectively employed to produce exfoliated graphene sheets, which were subsequently utilized for synthesizing Gr/Cu–MnOx composite catalysts. The enhanced shear stress and mass transfer within the fluid flow system improved the textural properties of the composite catalysts, resulting in higher surface areas and pore volumes compared to those of the unmodified Cu–MnOx composite. The Gr/Cu–MnOx composite catalysts exhibited superior toluene removal performance, achieving a T90 value of 200 °C, surpassing the T90 value of 250 °C of the unmodified Cu–MnOx composite. Furthermore, the water resistance was assessed by evaluating the catalytic performance after exposure to 5 vol% water vapor. The presence of hydrophobic graphene in Gr/Cu–MnOx enhanced water resistance compared to that of unmodified Gr/Cu–MnOx.
4,200원
9.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The rapid increase of global solid waste poses significant environmental challenges. In this work, two abundant wastes— red mud and apple peel—were used as precursors to prepare zero-valent iron biochar for efficient pollutant removal. This study innovatively developed a green, low-temperature in-situ hydrogen reduction strategy via one-step coppercatalyzed ethanol decomposition, which generated in-situ hydrogen and uniformly dispersed high-load Fe0 without the need for external hydrogen or hazardous reagents. Compared with N2 pyrolysis, in-situ H2 treatment enlarged the pore size by 17.2%, increased surface oxygen functionalities, and enhanced active site exposure and electron transfer, markedly improving reactivity. The composite exhibited high saturation magnetization (33.13 emu g–1) for rapid magnetic separation, low iron leaching (≤ 0.13 mg L–1), and retained over 63% removal efficiency after four cycles. Removal efficiencies reached 87.77 − 98.50% for MB, RhB, and TC in single-dye systems, and remained high at 70.09 − 84.32% in multi-dye wastewater. Synergistic mechanisms involving porous adsorption, Fe–O coordination, π–π interaction, and NZVI-mediated reduction contributed to superior performance. This sustainable strategy enhances the waste value and provides effective and environmentally safe solutions for complex wastewater treatment, promoting resource recovery and pollution control.
6,000원
10.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
This study evaluates underwater non-thermal plasma (UNTP) as a reagent-free process for the complete mineralization of oxalic acid, a major chelating agent in nuclear decontamination effluents. Quantitative assessment was based on total organic carbon (TOC) removal and stable carbon isotope tracing with uniformly labeled ¹³C-oxalic acid. TOC and ion chromatography (IC) analyses demonstrated complete mineralization within 60 min at ≤ 300 ppm (k = 0.120, 0.100, 0.042 min⁻¹; t₉₀ = 19.2, 23.0, 55.0 min), whereas at 450 ppm partial mineralization remained (TOC 25.4 mg C/L after 60 min). At higher concentrations (1000–2000 ppm), TOC removal was restricted to 25–57% with rate constants decreasing to 0.008 and 0.003 min⁻¹ (t₉₀ = 288, 767 min); at 3000 ppm, reaction nearly stagnated (k = 0.0009 min⁻¹; t₉₀ ≈ 2558 min). Energy yield peaked at low/intermediate concentrations (0.9–1.3 g-C kWh⁻¹; 1.1 g-C kWh⁻¹ at 450 ppm) but declined to 0.9, 0.3, and 0.2 g-C kWh⁻¹ at 1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm. Mechanistic profiling showed that both glyoxylic and formic acids remained below the method detection limits (LOD) throughout the treatment period, supporting that a predominantly direct mineralization pathway to CO₂ was operative. Critically, ¹³C tracer experiments (300 ppm, 60 min) yielded δ¹³C = + 5702‰ (~ 7.0 atom % ¹³C), confirming the presence of substrate-derived carbon in the evolved CO₂. No solids or carbonate byproducts were detected, consistent with a nearly closed carbon balance. Bulk temperatures remained ≤ 40 °C under all conditions, confirming non-thermal operation. These findings establish TOC-based kinetics and isotopic evidence of oxalic acid mineralization, define a practical operating window (≤ 2000 ppm), and support UNTP as a sustainable route for treating chelating agents in decontamination effluents.
4,200원
11.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Crystallinity has long been regarded as the hallmark of carbon fiber thermal stability; however, our findings reveal that increased structural order does not invariably translate to enhanced thermal resistance. In this study, we graphitized PAN-based carbon fibers up to 2700 °C and performed a comprehensive multiscale analysis of their structure and oxidation behavior, challenging the conventional assumption that greater crystallinity guarantees better thermal stability. Heat treatment did improve the graphitic alignment, microvoid evolution, and tensile modulus across all samples. Yet under oxidative conditions, a surprising reversal was observed: among T300B, T700S, and T800H, the least graphitized fiber (T300B) exhibited the highest thermal resistance, outperforming its high-modulus counterparts. This unexpected behavior is attributed to a dual mechanism: once thermal conductivity exceeds a critical threshold it accelerates oxidative degradation, while pronounced radial heterogeneity (skin–core transition zones) in the fiber structure impedes heat and oxygen penetration. These findings reshape the design paradigm for high-performance carbon fibers. They suggest that maximizing crystallinity alone is insufficient; instead, controlling thermal transport properties and internal structural gradients in tandem is crucial for engineering fibers capable of withstanding extreme oxidative environments.
4,600원
12.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
The demand for energy storage devices with both high power and energy density has risen significantly because of growing global environmental concerns. Lithium metal capacitors (LMCs) have emerged as promising candidates for nextgeneration energy storage systems by addressing the low energy density limitations of conventional electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). However, lithium dendrite formation and volume expansion in lithium metal anodes pose major challenges, leading to performance degradation and safety risks. In this study, a three-dimensional nano-perforated graphene (3-D NPG) with SnO₂ composite as an advanced anode material for LMCs. The 3-D NPG improved electrochemical performance by offering a high surface area, reducing local current density, and mitigating volume expansion. Furthermore, the lithiophilicity of SnO₂ facilitated lithium deposition by effectively reducing the lithium nucleation overpotential. The composite exhibited the lowest lithium nucleation overpotential (39.44 mV), along with a superior rate capability and remarkable cycle stability, retaining 88.5% of its capacity after 10,000 cycles at 2 A/g. The improved lithium-ion transport and lithiophilicity of the composite significantly suppressed dendritic lithium growth, thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance of LMCs. These results demonstrate the potential of 3-D SnO₂/NPG as a next-generation anode material for high-performance energy storage applications.
4,300원
13.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Owing to its excellent properties, graphite shows great potential for applications in engineering. However, the removal mechanism of brittle materials results in the formation of randomly distributed craters of varying sizes on the machined surface of graphite during machining. The difficult machining characteristics lead to the importance of studying the cutting mechanism of graphite. In this paper, the cutting process of graphite has been numerically simulated by the finite element method. In numerical simulations, the accuracy of the simulation results depends largely on the accuracy of the selected intrinsic model parameters. To determine the parameters of the Johnson‒Holmquist II (JH-2) constitutive model, this paper presents systematic mechanical testing of graphite materials. The compressive and impact strengths of graphite were found to be 142.17 MPa and 133.6 MPa via quasistatic compression and Hopkinson compression rod experiments, respectively, and the damage patterns of graphite were obtained. The constant HEL of the equation in the Hugoniot state was measured to be 1.056 GPa using plate impact tests. Finally, the experimental data obtained were combined with the theoretical derivation to finalize the parameters of the JH-2 model. To ensure the reliability of the model parameters, the cutting simulation results were compared with the actual experimental results.
4,500원
14.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Ethylene tar pitch (ETP), primarily derived from the residues of carbon black production and naphthalene purification in ethylene tar processing, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with high carbon content and low ash content. It is considered a promising precursor for high-quality synthetic carbon materials. Thermal conversion is a critical step in the preparation of pitch-based carbon materials, as it largely determines the final structural quality of the carbon product. In this study, ETP was selected as the research subject, and a combination of analytical techniques, including group composition analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), polarized optical microscopy (POM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the evolution of the average molecular structure and carbon microstructure during the thermal conversion process. The results indicate that with increasing thermal conversion temperature and duration, the degree of aromatic condensation in the ETP-derived products gradually increases. Simultaneously, the internal carbon microcrystals become more ordered and larger in size. Notably, when the thermal conversion temperature reaches 480 °C, the aromaticity index (Iar) sharply increases to 0.42, and anisotropic structures begin to appear under POM. This suggests that 480 °C is a critical temperature point at which ETP undergoes intensified thermal polycondensation and exhibits enhanced molecular reactivity. This study provides both theoretical and experimental support for the efficient utilization of ETP in the production of advanced carbon materials.
4,900원
15.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Although porous SiC ceramics have been applied across various industries, their high cost limits broader and more extensive utilization. In this study, porous reaction-formed SiC ceramics were fabricated using waste fabric and discarded silicon wafer waste as carbon and silicon sources, respectively. Three types of porous carbon preforms with ∼77% porosity were prepared by varying the initial ratios of waste fabric and furfuryl alcohol. The influence of waste fabric content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the porous carbon preform was systematically investigated. Higher waste fabric content led to the formation of a more uniform, network-like microstructure, free of large, dense carbon residues. This microstructural refinement enhanced the conversion efficiency of carbon to SiC during the infiltration process. The optimal performance was achieved with a preform containing 75 wt% waste fabric, infiltrated with molten silicon at 1500 °C for 1 h. The resulting SiC ceramics exhibited a compressive strength of 51.4 MPa at 59.4% porosity, surpassing that of porous reaction-bonded SiC ceramics. This approach, involving molten Si infiltration into waste-derived, low-cost carbon preforms, offers a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable route for fabricating high-performance porous carbon structures and porous SiC ceramics for diverse industrial applications.
4,600원
16.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
To study the influence of mass and heat transfer on the microcrystalline structure and properties of mesophase pitch and resulting carbon fiber properties, mesophase pitches were synthesized via pressurized/N₂-blowing thermal condensation with different stirring rates, with experimental conditions optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM analysis confirmed that mesophase content was highly dependent on stirring rate (p < 0.05), and the influencing factors on the formation of mesophase pitch is ranked as reaction temperature > duration time > stirring rate > reaction pressure. The results demonstrated that a moderate increase in stirring rate enhanced molecular diffusion and heat transfer, improving reaction kinetics and aromatic molecule interactions. This accelerated mesophase sphere growth and coalescence while inducing molecular orientation via shear, ultimately yielding a wide-domain optical texture with 100 vol% mesophase content and an optimal softening point (294 °C). The mesophase pitch produced at 300 rpm (MP-300) exhibited a high aromatic structure content (Har = 73.24 wt%), methylene bridges (HF = 3.21 wt%), and fusible/soluble TI-PS sub-fraction (35.7 wt%). MP-300 also displayed exceptional aromaticity (fa = 0.91) and molecular stacking ((Lc = 5.4674 nm, N = 14.7536). Consequently, the resulting carbon fiber (MPCF-300) achieved optimal mechanical properties, with a tensile modulus of 168 GPa and a tensile strength of 1428 MPa. However, excessive stirring rates were found to disrupt molecular cross-linking and stacking, reducing condensation degree, disordering the orderly arrangement of the mesophase molecules, and ultimately impairing the fiber performance. These findings advance the understanding of mesophase pitch formation and provide critical insights for optimizing liquid-phase carbonization theory.
5,500원
17.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
In the controlled synthesis of biomass-derived porous carbon materials, effective pretreatment strategies play a critical role in modulating the chemical activation process and optimizing material performance. However, existing studies predominantly focus on the macroscopic structural changes induced by pretreatment, often overlooking the important role of chemical composition evolution during activation. Herein, a coconut shell-based acidic hydrothermal pretreatment was designed to precisely control the evolution of the primary pore structure alongside the enhanced retention of oxygen species in the hydrochar. Subsequent chemical activation successfully yields a high-performance carbon material with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure. This material exhibits a high specific surface area of 1963 m2 g⁻1 and delivers an outstanding specific capacitance of 420 F g⁻1 at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻1. When assembled into a solid-state supercapacitor, the device achieves a high energy density of 12.97 Wh kg⁻1. It also demonstrates excellent cycling stability, retaining 97.02% of its initial capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g⁻1, along with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.84%. Our findings reveal that appropriate acidic hydrothermal pretreatment not only establishes a continuous primary pore network within the precursor—facilitating the deep diffusion and uniform reaction of the activating agent—but also enhances activation efficiency synergistically through the anchoring effect of oxygen species. This work provides new insights and experimental support for the rational design of high-performance biomass-derived carbon materials.
4,500원
18.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
A sustainable and cost-effective approach was developed for synthesizing carbon nanostructures namely carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon spheres (CSs), and carbon fibers (CFs). The process employed pyrolyzed hydrochar derived from treated rice straw, kaolin, zeolite or hydrochar as supports for Fe–Ni bimetallic catalysts, while hydrochar, camphor, or cotton fiber served as carbon sources. The resulting nanostructured materials were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR, and N2 adsorption analyses. These tools demonstrated that morphology and structure of the carbon materials produced are governed by the carbon precursor, catalyst support, and catalyst-carbon interactions. The resultant carbon nanostructures have distinctive graphitic characteristics and surface functions that improve adsorption performance. The adsorption performance of the synthesized nanostructures was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant. Among them, CNTs exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (~ 130 mg/g), which was attributed to its a large specific surface area and abundant π–π interaction sites. Adsorption behavior of MB dye followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating monolayer chemisorption with multiple rate-controlling steps. This work highlights an efficient route for valorizing agricultural waste into functional carbon nanostructures for wastewater remediation.
4,600원
19.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) enables COx-free H2 while co-producing solid carbon. Its viability hinges on catalysts that couple high activity with stable carbon co‑product formation. We evaluate Ni catalysts on FeAl2O4 (hercynite) and identify ~ 40 wt% NiO as the optimum loading that balances activity with carbon yield. Promoter screening (La, Mg, Co; 5 wt%) reveals distinct control of reducibility and metal–support interaction (MSI). La lowers the reduction temperature, refines Ni/NiO crystallites, and increases Ni dispersion, delivering the highest initial CH4 conversion (52.3%) and H2 production rate (90.6 mmol gcat −1 min−1), albeit with deactivation at ~ 150 min due to rapid carbon encapsulation. Mg strengthens the MSI and stabilizes residual NiO through MgO/MgAl2O4, lowering the initial activity. In contrast, Co promotes spinel formation and Ni aggregation, yielding the weakest activity. CDM is highly selective to H2 with carbon as the sole co-product; the carbon forms multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with ~ 16–24 nm diameters. Operating parameters further tune performance, with 650 °C being most effective. Lowering the space velocity extends the timeon- stream to ~ 450 min, increases the initial conversion to 59.4%, and raises the carbon yield from ~ 970% to ~ 1470%. Comprehensive characterization links promoter-dependent reducibility and metal–support interaction to activity, stability, and MWCNT yield. These results provide practical guidance for co-optimizing composition and operating conditions in CDM. NiO/FeAl2O4 with ~ 40 wt% NiO can serve as a baseline; La addition elevates initial rates, and operating at lower space velocity mitigates carbon-induced deactivation, thereby increasing H2 productivity and improving CNT quality.
4,300원
20.
2026.02
구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
Aiming to create electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), this work looks at the synthesis and characterization of transition metal sulfides (FeS, NiS, and MoS2) supported on CMK-8 type mesoporous carbon (MC) materials. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical performance tests such as linear scanning voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All the synthesized catalysts were compatible with the Type-IV isotherm, which indicates the mesoporous structure and MC exhibited the highest surface area of 1157 m2/g. While the crystal structure of the Ni-S catalyst consisted of NiSO4.6H2O and NiS2 compounds, only peaks belonging to FeS2 and MoS2 crystals were observed in the Fe-S and Mo-S catalysts, respectively. In MC supported catalysts, it is predominantly in the amorphous carbon structure belonging to the support. Further improvement of the support-catalyst interaction is required, as evidenced by the notably high overpotential of 460 mV displayed by the Ni-S@MC catalyst and the much lower overpotential of 232 mV by Ni-S. The charge transfer resistance values were found to vary, according to impedance analysis. Ni-S demonstrated the lowest resistances (18.5 Ω at -0.3 V), highlighting its better electron transfer capabilities over other catalysts. The larger overpotentials from MC’s enhanced surface area underscore the trade-off between maximizing kinetics and preserving low energy barriers. These results highlight the possibilities and difficulties of employing metal sulfides on MC substrates for effective and long-lasting HER applications.
5,700원
1
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