This study aims to examine the construction process of the Duntu Line, completed in 1933 following the establishment of Manchukuo, and to analyze the architectural characteristics of its railway stations. The Duntu Line represented the core and final section of the Jihui (Jilin–Hoeryeong) Railway, which was part of Japan’s imperial strategy to connect Japan, Manchuria, and Korea after the Russo-Japanese War. The study is organized into three parts. First, regarding the background of the line’s construction, the process of route selection is reviewed through technical reports such as the “Third Route Survey Report” to clarify how the Dunhua–Tumen section was determined. Second, the section on architectural design and construction examines the organizational structure by distinguishing the types of railway architecture, design and construction periods, and the roles of design, supervision, and construction. Finally, the architectural characteristics of railway stations are analyzed using primary sources such as construction records and architectural journals, focusing on station grades, spatial layouts, structural systems, and architectural features. By exploring the background of the Duntu Line’s construction and the architectural formation of its railway stations, this study reveals the significance and influence of the Duntu Line within the broader process of completing Japan’s imperial railway network in Manchuria.

The methanolic fruit extract of Piper longum and a silver nitrate solution were used to produce silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The phytochemicals present in the extract served as stabilising and reducing agents in this environmentally benign method, allowing stable nanoparticles to develop without the need for harsh chemicals. The obtained nanoparticles were subjected to a series of characterization techniques to confirm their formation and properties. Through optical absorption tests, UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed the surface plasmon resonance band, validating nanoparticle synthesis. Powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) revealed information about their crystalline structure. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) was used to confirm the elemental composition, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyse shape and surface characteristics. In addition to structural characterisation, the biological potential of the produced Ag-NPs was investigated. To assess their effectiveness at preventing bacterial growth, antibacterial investigations were carried out against strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., and Vibrio sp. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines, with an IC50 value of 62.5 μg/mL, corresponding to 54.32 % inhibition. These findings suggest that Piper longum-derived Ag-NPs possess strong anticancer potential against the HeLa (Henrietta Lacks) cell line.

조선해양산업의 용접 자동화는 숙련 인력 부족과 고위험 환경 극복을 위해 협동로봇 중심으로 발전하고 있으나 선박블록 내 부 공간을 계측하기 위한 3차원 비전 센서의 경우 계측 거리에 따라 품질이 저하되는 문제가 있다. 본 연구는 협동로봇 용접 자동화를 위 해 3차원 포인트 클라우드 기반의 V-개선 용접선 검출 알고리즘을 제안하였으며 특히 자동화 용접에 필수적인 1m 미만 근거리에서 비전 센서 기술에 따른 계측 정밀도 및 검출된 평면의 개선각을 정량적으로 비교 검증하였다. 대중적으로 활용되고 있는 Active IR Stereo와 Time-of-Flight(ToF) LiDAR 센서를 400mm, 600mm, 800mm 거리에서 90° 개선각 시편으로 비교 평가한 결과 Active IR Stereo 센서는 삼각 측 량 원리의 한계로 인한 데이터 왜곡으로 상당한 각도 오차를 보였으며 800mm에서는 개선면 검출에 실패하였다. 반면 ToF LiDAR 센서는 데이터 왜곡에 강건하여 400mm에서 4.4°의 가장 낮은 평균 개선각 오차를 기록했으며 모든 거리에서 안정적으로 평면을 검출하였다. 이 를 통해 근거리 V-개선 형상 계측에는 ToF LiDAR 방식이 Active IR Stereo 방식보다 높은 정밀도를 제공하여 용접선 검출에 더 적합함을 정량적으로 검증하였다.

Optically Adaptive System for Imaging Spectroscopy (OASIS) 3D data of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in the central 10''.48''.3 (2.92.3 kpc2) region of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1358 were analyzed. Emission line maps for H at 6563 Å and H at 4861 Å were obtained from the OASIS spectra in the 4800-5500 and 6220-6990 Å wavelength regions. Density distribution, as indicated by the H/H flux ratio, is 105.5 cm3 at the center and 104.4-106.0 cm3 surrounding the center. An elliptical region with a density of 105.5-105.8 cm-3 (perpendicular to the bar's position angle, PA) was discovered at symmetrical locations approximately 1.2-2.0 arcsec and 1.1-1.9 arcsec south east (SE) and north west (NW), respectively, of the center along the bar (PA=130o) axis. A lower-density region (appearing as a void) also existed between the center and this symmetrical structure. The high F(H)/F(H) flux ratio values and the distribution of line widths suggest a region with high-density neutral hydrogen gas. The H flux image and linewidth, and F(H)/F(H) flux ratio image maps suggest presence of a substructure associated with a supermassive black hole at the galactic center, as well as independent structures with relatively strong fluxes in the SE and NW regions. The SE structure is delineated as one substantial substructure, whereas the NW substructure appears broken, or is potentially two separate structures, due to dust shielding. The regions have an independent boundary layer with a density exceeding 106.0cm3 toward the center, likely resulting from collision of the structure flowing along the bar with the Inner Lindblad resonance zone.

This study aimed to provide information useful for product development and strategies for the commercialization of weak flower tea through literature research and empirical analysis. The effect of the selection attributes for weak flower tea on loyalty according to quality was analyzed. The subjects surveyed included those in their 20s to 50s who preferred weak flower tea. The survey was conducted from January 5, 2024, to February 20, 2024. The results revealed that not only those in their 40s and 50s, but younger people also prefer weak flower tea these days. In the future, it is hoped that in addition to modern tea and coffee, research on flower tea will continue.