Hypochaeris radicata, native to Europe and Eurasia, is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family. In Korea, H. radicata was reported in 1992, mainly in Jeju Island, and gradually spreading to the inland. It overwinters in the form of a rosette and blooms yellow flowers from May to June. H. radicata propagates by seeds and rhizomes. The germination temperature of the seed is 15/20°C (day/night), and the rhizome forms a new plant at a depth of 2-3 cm in the soil. The roots of H. radicata secrete allelochemicals that inhibit the development of other plants. Some use it as a salad or forage substitute but to a limited extent. However, extensive research on ampicillin contained in H. radicata has been conducted, and its anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects have been recognized. There are only a few methods to manage H. radicata both culturally and physically. In orchards, soil treatments such as oxyfluorfen and diclobenil, or nonselective foliar treatments such as glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate are used. Notably, there are no known biological control agents.

Natural radionuclides-containing substances (NORM) contain natural radionuclides and cause radiation exposure. In Korea, safety management measures were needed to deal with and dispose of radon mattresses containing monazite in relation to such NORM. However, there is no clear safety management system related to NORM waste in Korea. In order to manage this reasonably and systematically, it is necessary to investigate and analyze standards and management measures related to the treatment and disposal of NORM waste. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the exemption and clearance level of NORM waste regulations in international organizations and foreign countries. IAEA GSR Part 3, 2013/59/Euratom, ANSI/HPS N13.53, CRCPD SSRCR Part N, and ARPANSA Publications 15 safety management regulations were analyzed to investigate safety management standards for NORM waste. The exemption and clearance level in international organizations and foreign countries were compared and analyzed based on radioactive concentration and dose. In addition, the management measures proposed for each literature were also investigated. As a result of the analysis, IAEA GSR Part 3 applied 1 mSv as a regulatory exemption level, 1 Bq/g for uranium and thorium series as a clearance level, and 10 Bq/g for K-40 nuclides. The IAEA recommends a differential approach to the potential and scale of exposure. The EU applied 1 Bq/g to uranium and thorium families and 10 Bq/g to K-40 nuclides for both regulatory exemption and clearance levels. The EU recommended that it be managed in proportion to the scale and likelihood of exposure as a result of the action. It is analyzed that this is similar to the IAEA’s management plan. In the United States, there was no single federal government radioactive concentration and dose for NORM management. The management plan differed in management status and level from state to state, and K-40 was excluded from regulation unless it was intentionally enriched. In the case of Australia, the radioactive concentration of uranium and thorium was 1 Bq/g as a standard for regulatory exemption and 1 mSv as a dose. As a management plan, it was suggested to dispose of waste by means of accumulation, dilution/dispersion, and reclamation. It was also suggested that the scale of exposure, like international organizations, take into account the possibility. The results of this study are believed to be used as basic data for presenting domestic NORM waste treatment and disposal methods in the future.

As of 2023, there has been significant progress worldwide in the management of nuclear fuel’s spent radioactive waste (HLW). Several countries have made important strides in advancing their plans for the construction of deep geologic repositories (DGRs) to safely dispose of their nuclear waste. Finland led the way, with its nuclear waste management organization, Posiva Oy, submitting an application for an operating license for a DGR for spent fuel generated by the nuclear power plants of its owners. The facility, ONKALO, will be located on the island of Olkiluoto and is expected to begin final disposal in the mid-2020s. Sweden also approved SKB’s application to build a DGR in Forsmark, and an encapsulation plant next to the Clab interim storage facility. In Switzerland, Nagra selected Nordic Lagern as the site for the Swiss DGR, and is preparing the general license applications for the required facilities. Meanwhile, Canada’s Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) narrowed down the possible locations for its DGR to two, and expects to name its preferred site by fall 2024. The UK established four Community Partnerships to participate in the siting process for a DGR, with Nuclear Waste Services (NWS) responsible for identifying a site. Andra, the French organization responsible for managing all French radioactive waste, is expected to submit an application by the end of the year for a DGR in France that will contain HLW resulting from reprocessing of spent fuel assemblies from French nuclear power plants, as well as intermediate-level waste. Overall, the progress made by these countries represents a tangible and sustainable step forward in the management of spent fuel and HLW, and brings us closer to the safe and effective long-term disposal of nuclear waste.

Paspalum distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are perennial weeds of the family Poaceae that prefer moist environments such as waterfronts and waterways. The origin of both species is North America. P. distichum is distributed all over the world. However, P. distichum var. indutum occurs only in the United States, Japan, and Korea. For this reason, in many countries, P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum are classified as the same species. In other words, P. distichum var. indutum is a different ecological type of P. distichum. Both species can reproduce and spread mainly by rhizome fragments rather than seeds. This rhizome has a characteristic that it does not germinate if it is buried in the ground with depth of more than 3 cm. As a management method for P. distichum and P. distichum var. indutum in agricultural lands (paddy fields), it is effective to combine cultural control and chemical control methods. In other words, combining deep plowing and harrowing can suppress the budding of water sparrow that has invaded paddy fields or fallow paddy fields. After that, these two species that germinate can be controlled by spraying soil treatment herbicides such as butachlor and thiobencarb or foliar treatment herbicides such as cyhalofop-butyl and fenoxaprop-pethyl.

Lactuca scariola L. is one of ecosystem-disturbance plants that grow everywhere such as roadsides, grasslands, railroads, banks, and fields. L. scariola usually occurs in autumn. It overwinters in rosette form. It flowers and produces seeds in early summer of the next year. Seeds of L. scariola can germinate immediately without dormancy when the temperature is over 20°C. Due to endogenous bacteria in seeds of L. scariola, it has a strong drought tolerance. Thus, it can grow well on roadsides. L. scariola should be controlled as it can result in 60-80% of soybean yield loss at densities above 50 plants m-2. It is advisable to remove L. scariola as it competes with native plants by acting as a pioneer to other ecosystem-disturbance plants. Among various control methods, chemical control is the most effective method that is widely used. Soil treatment with herbicides such as oxyfluorfen EC and pendimethalin EC can inhibit the development of L. scariola. Foliar treatment herbicides glyphosate and glufosinateammonium are widely used. L. scariola is resistant to 2,4-D, dicamba, and MCPA among foliar treatment herbicides. Thus, it is recommended to apply herbicides with different modes of action.

일반적으로 과거 건설공사는 그동안 축적된 기술기준과 경험 그리고 성과를 바탕으로 한 설계와 시공단계에서부터 준공단계까지의 사업관리를 통해 그 품질 향상을 도모해왔다. 그러나 최근 제4차 산업혁명 등 환경변화의 바람은 건설 산업에 있어 기술적 측면은 물론 관리적 측면에 대해서도 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 건설산업의 각 분야에서 요구되는 생산성 향상, 공정거래 구현 등에 대한 사회적 기대는 건설산업에 대한 변화의 모티브로 작용하고 있다. 정부도 역시 이와 같은 시대적 변화에 대응코자 관계법령 등 제반 규정을 정비 하는데 지속적인 노력을 기울이고 있는 상황에서, 본 연구는 건설사업관리와 관련한 법률규정을 기준으로 품질제고, 비용절감, 공기단축 등을 효율적으로 관리하는 방안에 대해 검토하였다. 여러가지 관리방안 중에 본 논문은 발주자와 관련업계 등에게 가장 민감하게 작용하고 있고 상호간 이해의 충돌이 빈번한 공공부문측면에서 공동주택 건설사업관리 용역대가산정에 대한 제반문제 등을 살펴보고 이에 대한 개선방안을 도출하고자 연구를 진행하였다.

This study tried to suggest a systematic improvement plan to prepare a civil safety insurance operation and management system by reviewing the operation and management status of civil safety insurance, which is operated and managed by each local government autonomously. In this study, the problems of the current civil safety insurance were analyzed by dividing them into the lack of systematic management of insurance items, overlapping coverage between insurance items, and deviations in compensation limits. As a systematic improvement plan, it was suggested to secure the systemic management of guarantee items, standardize compensation standards, prepare an integrated operation and management system, and provide financial support for local governments with poor financial independence. Since the problems and improvement plans for the civil safety insurance analyzed as described above are formed by exchanging and receiving a complex mutual influence, the institutional improvement plan for the operation and management system of the civil safety insurance is not only a specific part of the study, but also comprehensively current citizens. Based on the results derived from the analysis of safety insurance, it is concluded that alternatives must be found.

In addition to physical risks such as electrical, chemical, and mechanic ones in the workplace, psychosocial risks are also raising as an important issue in recent years in connection with human rights and work-life balance policies. The purpose of this study is to confirm the degree of effect of the psychosocial risk management plan at the workplace on workers through logistic regression analysis. Input data for logistic regression analysis is the results of a survey of 4,558 people conducted by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were used. There are 9 independent variables, including the change a workplace and confidential counseling, and the dependent variable is whether the worker feels the effect on the psychosocial risk management plan. As a result of this study, changes in work organization, dispute resolution procedures, provision of education program, notification of the impact of psychosocial risks on safety and health, and the persons in charge of solving psychosocial problems are shown effective in reducing worker’s psychosocial risks. This study drives which of the management plans implemented to reduce the psychosocial risk of workers in the workplace are effective, so it can contribute to the development of psychosocial risk management plans in the future.

One of the most effective methods to consistently ensure the safety of a tap water supply can be achieved by application of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach for drinking water supply systems. This approach can be termed water safety plans(WSP) which recommended by WHO(world health organization) and IWA(international water association). For the introduction of WSP into Korea, 150 hazards were identified all steps in drinking water supply from catchment to consumer and risk assessment tool based on frequency and consequence of hazards were developed. Then, developed risk assessment tool by this research was implemented at a water treatment plant(Q=25,000 m3/d) to verify its applicability, and several amendments were recommended; classification of water source should be changed from groundwater to stream to strengthen water quality monitoring contaminants and frequencies; installation of aquarium to monitor intrusion of toxic substances into raw water; relocation or new installation on-line water quality analyzers for efficient water quality monitoring; change of chlorination chemical from solid phase(Ca(OCl)2) to liquid phase(NaOCl) to improve soundness of chlorination. It was also meaningful to propose hazards and risk assessment tool appropriate for Korea drinking water supply systems through this research which has been inconsistent among water treatment authorities. Key words: Hazard, Reliability, Risk management, Water safety plan, Tap water

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of landscape elements and landscape management plans, by comparing and analyzing those plans within the preservation management plan of the 4 provincial parks in Jeollabuk-do Province. A landscape management plan includes both natural and cultural landscape plans, in similar proportions. While a forest’s vegetation landscape is presented as the main focus of natural landscape management, temple landscape and landscape control points (LCPs) are the main focus of cultural landscape management. Analysis of the specific plans by the landscape management strategies, shows that an enhancement approach was incorporated into most of them, while reduction, avoidance, compensation and remediation approaches were also included in part. Management of natural landscape elements such as vegetation and forests is included in the plans, which aim to improve the negative factors and conditions that impair the landscape, by means of reduction, remediation, and compensation. Cultural landscape management such as LCP management, and management of temple landscape and other scenic elements, can usually be categorized as either enhancement or avoidance strategies. The objective of such plans appears to be the improvement of negative landscapes, through management strategies of reduction, remediation, avoidance, and compensation, while also managing the positive landscape elements with enhancement strategies. Historic-cultural landscape elements were revealed to be highly prioritized in provincial parks, as these landscape types were managed in every park in this study. Vegetation landscape management was concentrated at Mt. Moaksan, and this indicates that the importance of vegetation landscape is relatively low within the natural landscapes of the Jeollabuk-do provincial parks. Overall, management in each park appears to be focused on a unique landscape type characteristic of that park, such as vegetation, topographical, or facilities landscape.

한강하구 습지보호지역은 2006년 4월 습지보호지역으로 지정되어 관리되고 있으며, 일대 지역은 지정학적인 이유와 더불어 군사적인 이유로 철책선을 통해 민간인의 접근이 통제되어 온 곳(민간인 통제구역 ; Civilian Controlled Area)으로 산업화에도 불구하고 개발압력이 낮은 지역이어 서 생태계교란이 최소화되어 생태적 가치가 높게 평가되는 지역이다. 한강하구는 넓은 기수역, 생물서식처, 평화의 상 징적 공간 등으로서의 의미를 가지며 생태적, 인문 사회적, 높은 경제적 가치를 가지고 있는 지역으로 다양한 생태계서 비스를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 한강하구는 서울과 인접해 있고, 파주, 김포, 일산 등 개발이 활발한 지역에 근접해 있어 개발압력이 높아지고 있는 실정으로 이로 인한 습지 면적의 감소, 습지 훼손, 철새 도래 개체수 감소 등 다양한 문제의 발생으로 생태 및 환경 등의 문제가 대두되기 시작 하였다. 한강하구 훼손위협 및 관리에 대한 대응책 마련하 고 한강하구 습지보호지역에서 제공되는 생태계 서비스 증 진을 위하여 한강하구의 생태, 인문 사회적 현황 조사를 바 탕으로 보전 관리 방안을 마련하였다. 한강하구의 공급서비 스 증진을 위해서는 어족자원의 확보와 어로 생산성 증대, 습지 담수 기능 향상 등이, 조절서비스 증진을 위해서는 훼 손된 습지의 건강성 회복과 환경개선이 필요하며, 지원서비 스의 증진을 위해서는 습지에서 서식하는 다양한 생물을 위한 서식지 보전 및 관리 강화 및 생물다양성관리계약 등 을 통한 생물다양성 증진이, 문화서비스 증진을 위해서는 한강하구 탐방시설, 방문자센터 등의 거점 관리시설 구축과 한강하구 습지 생태탐방을 위한 생태관광과 습지 보전 및 체험 교육 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

This study classified the study subjects as apartment residents and managers, and conducted the descriptive statistics of research questions related to the effectiveness of the lightweight partition walls and the evacuation space. This study also conducted T-test and Anova to find the different perceptions of the lightweight partition walls and the evacuation space, and the different perceptions of related laws according to the characteristics of the residents and managers. The findings and suggestions were as follows. Firstly, strengthening of the Senior Fire Safety Manager system to prevent the insolvency of fire safety management due to the affiliate. Secondly, implementing enhanced penalties in accordance with not implementing residents education, in order to prevent not smoothly delivering manager trained education to residents. Thirdly, adjusting hands-on training time according to the gender of the managers to supplement women’s relatively low perceptions of lightweight partition. Fourthly, mandating evacuation guidance stickers on the evacuation space for residents to remove obstacles in the evacuation space. Finally, establishing regular residents education system in order to improve the awareness of the related laws for residents residing over 16th floors.

Disaster management is successful if the situation in the event of an accident to minimize casualties and property damage, and commitment to improve the efficiency of personnel and material, and further the administration site conditions promptly reported to the director or the people. transmit from one generation to the next the stability of the society could seek would be. In this respect.

한 중 황해환경공동조사 연구는 1993년 11월 한 중 환경협력에 기초하여 1995년 5월 한 중 환경협력공동위원회에서 채택되어, 1997년부터 매년 1회씩 한국과 중국이 황해에 대한 공동조사 및 분석을 격년별로 주관하여 실시하고 있다. 본 연구는 한 중 양국이 황해를 대상으로 양국 과학자가 공동으로 승선조사 및 분석을 실시하는 연구로서, 황해에서 해양환경의 특성과 잠재적 오염압력을 평가하고, 과학적이며 체계적인 데이터베이스를 구축하며, 황해 환경에 대하여 한 중 양국이 국가적 차원에서 공동으로 관리할 수 있는 기반을 마련한다는 데 큰 의의가 있다. 또한 황해 오염현상의 공동연구를 통한 한 중 간 해양환경 협력 기반을 구축하고, 황해에 대한 과학적이며 체계적인 해양학적 자료의 축적 및 황해환경 보전을 위한 자료 제공 등 한 중 간 창해 공동관리 시스템 기반을 조성하기 위한 것이다. 지금까지 조사된 결과, 조사해역의 해양환경은 양호한 상태로서 해역 생활환경 수질기준 I등급을 나타내었다. 그러나 매년 황해의 COD 값이 점차 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 최근 양국 연안지역에서의 인구밀집과 산업화로 인하여 해양환경오염이 가중되고 있는 실정으로 오염 부하량이 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 지금까지 실시된 한 중 황해환경 공동조사는 연 1회 실시되고 있어, 황해의 다양한 해양환경 특성을 상세히 밝히기는 어려우나, 한 중 양국 간 황해 관련 각종 환경정책을 입안하는 데 필요한 기초 자료를 산출하는 데 있어 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서 양국은 앞으로 조사 횟수, 조사해역 및 조사항목을 연차적으로 확대할 계획이다.

본 연구는 제주도에 이입된 황소개구리와 붉은귀거북의 분포현황과 서식실태를 파악하여 외래동물에 대한 데이터베이스 구축에 필요한 생물상 현황에 대한 기초자료를 확보하고 제주지 역에 적용 가능한 관리방안을 마련하고자 2005년 3월부터 2006년 5월까지 이루어졌다. 조사결과, 제주도내 황소개구리는 한경면, 대정읍, 안덕면 지역에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 제주도 서부지 역은 황소개구리의 서식 조건이 양호하여 쉽게 개체수가 감소하지 않을 것으로 생각되며, 다른 지역으로의 확산도 우려될 뿐만 아니라 토착 곤충류, 어류, 양서류, 파충류 등에 대한 피해가 예측되어 구제되어야 할 것이다. 그리고 붉은귀거북은 제주도내 15개소의 연못에서 92개체이상 서식하는 것으로 나타났다. 붉은귀거북은 최상위 포식자로서 연못의 생태계 파괴와 배설물에 의한 수질오염 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 붉은귀거북의 관리방안으로는 방생 자제 홍보, 생태적 습성을 이용한 퇴치방안, 인위적 확산을 막기 위해 다소 많은 개체가 서식하고 사람들의 왕래가 많은 서식지에는 위해성에 대한 홍보판 설치와 더불어 지속적인 관리가 따라야 할 것이다.

우리 정부와 해운기업은 해상에서의 인명 및 환경보호를 위해 노력하고 있지만 아직까지 내항선에서의 안전관리가 미흡하여 내항선에 맞는 체계적이고 현실적인 안전관리체제 운영의 내실화 방안이 절실하다. 본 논문은 관련기관 및 해운기업에 설문조사를 하였으며, 실증분석을 통하여 현 내항선안전관리의 문제점을 파악하고 개선하여 우리나라 내항해운에 적합한 안전관리체제의 내실화 방안을 제시하고자 한다.