Cost-effective and sustainable high-performance supercapacitor material was successfully prepared from cellulosic waste (Sapindus trifoliatus nut shells) biomass-derived activated carbon (CBAC) by physical activation method. The CBAC displays nanofiber morphology, high specific surface area (786 m2/ g), large pore volume (0.212 cm3 g− 1) which are evaluated using FESEM, BET and possessed excellent electrochemical behavior analyzed through various electrochemical methods. Moreover, the assembled symmetric CBAC//CBAC device exhibits high specific capacitance of 240.8 F g− 1 with current density of 0.2 A g− 1 and it is maintained to 65.6 F g− 1 at high current density of 2.0 A g− 1. In addition, the symmetric device delivers an excellent specific energy maximum of over 30 Wh kg− 1 at 400 W kg− 1 of specific power and excellent cycling stability in long term over 5000 cycles. The operation of the device was tested by light-emitting diode. Hence, CBAC-based materials pave way for developing large-scale, low-cost materials for energy storage device applications.

2014년 2월 여객선의 타두재 상단 너트가 풀려 타가 작동하지 않은 사고가 발생하였다. 많은 여객과 화물의 이동을 목적으로 하는 여객선의 조타 장치 사고로 인한 인명사고는 통계에 의하면 2010~2016년 0명이지만 조타장치의 고장으로 선박의 요건인 이동성을 갖추지 못한다면 물살이 거센 해역이나 출입항 선박이 많은 협수로에서는 선박의 조종에 대한 제약으로 인명사고의 비율이 높은 전복 사고나 충돌 사고로 발전할 수 있다. “선박안전법” 및 관련 고시인 “강선의구조기준”에는 타판과 타심재의 체결에 관련된 내용은 기준화 되어 있으나 타 빠짐의 원인이 되는 상부 타두재와 너트의 체결에 대해서는 별도의 법령이 없다. 사고 이후 한국선급은 강선규칙 5편 제7장에 결합방법에 대해 개정을 하였다. 목포항과 주변 섬을 운항하는 여객선 12척에 대한 현장조사 결과 대부분 C형타 2개가 설치된 구조였으며, 체결방법으로는 9척이 용접에 의한 체결 방법을 적용하고 있었고 선박 자체적으로 예방 점검을 위해 체결 개소에 접근하기 어려운 구조로 되어 있었다. 1년에 한 번씩 타를 들어 올리거나 빼내야 하는 여객선의 특성을 고려하여 동종 사고를 방지할 수 있는 방안에 대해서 NAS 3350 시험을 통해 검토하였다.

In this study, the models before and after improving the support structure of seat motor gear nut are investigated by comparing with vibration analysis. The maximum deformation model 1 becomes higher than model 2. The natural frequency of model 2 becomes higher model 1. The design model to be applied into the safe driving is useful effectively by using the analysis result of the height driving module for automotive power seat.

This study investigated the effects of ginkgo nut powder on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of mung bean starch gel. Mung bean starch gels were prepared with different amounts of ginkgo nut powder (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7%). The antioxidant activity of ginkgo nut powder and mung bean starch gel was estimated through measuring DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic acid content. For analyzing quality characteristics several factors were considered: syneresis, pH, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory evaluations. In the results, syneresis in the treated group was higher than the control group. The pH, b values, total phenolic acid content, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of mung bean starch gels also significantly increased with increasing ginkgo nut powder. In contrast, the L values and a values of mung bean starch gels significantly decreased with increasing ginkgo nut powder. In the texture profile analysis, the mung bean starch gels with 5% and 7% ginkgo nut powder showed significantly lower degrees of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. On the other hand, cohesiveness was highest in the mung bean starch gels with 5% and 7% ginkgo nut powder. The consumer acceptability score for the mung bean starch gel prepared with 5% and 7% ginkgo nut powder ranked significantly higher than the other groups in flavor and taste. Overall, these results suggest that ginkgo nut powder is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of mung bean starch gel.

본 연구는 순천지방에 재배되고 있는 밤나무 품종의 과실 특성을 파악하여 품종 육성을 위한 기초정보를 제공함에 목적이 있다. 품종별 밤송이의 착과수는 축파가 평균 122.5개로서 가장 많은 착과수를 나타내었고, 품종별 변이가 심한 것으로 나타났다. 품종별 밤송이당 평균 함과수의 범위는 1.3 (국견)~2.4 (평기)로 품종에 따라 많은 차이가 있었다. 입중은 17.5 (출운)부터 28.1 g (국견)까지로 품종간 변이가 컸다. 밤나무 과실 수확량은 상림의 1,000.4 g부터 축파의 5,479.5 g까지 품종간 큰 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 건전과의 비율이 가장 높은 품종은 창방감율 (90.8%)이었으며, 80% 이상의 건전과 비율을 나타낸 품종은 국견, 단택, 축파, 대보, 평기, 신이평의 6품종이었다. 열과율은 0.0~26.1%로 품종에 따라 차이가 있었는데, 창방감율이 0.0%로 가장 낮았으며 광덕이 26.1%로 가장 높았다.

밤나무 품종개량을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 남부지방에 재배되고 있는 밤나무 주요 품종의 과실 특성을 2008년부터 2010년까지 3년간 조사하였다. 품종별 착과수는 37.7 (광주조율)～183개 (주옥)로 품종 간에 현저한 차이를 보였다. 밤송이 내에 들어 있는 평균 함과수는 1.2～2.0개로 품종에 따라 많은 차이가 나타났으며, 이대 (Idea)는 1.2개였고, 산대와 광은은 2.0개였다. 입중도 품종간 차이가 많았는데, 광덕이 31.3 g으로 가장 무거웠으며, 광주조율은 14.1 g으로 가장 소립품종이었다. 건전과의 비율이 가장 높은 품종 은 창방감율 (89.9%)이었으며, 건전과 비율이 80% 이상인 품종은 국견, 유마, 축파, 광은, 평기 5품종이었 다. 부패과에 있어서는 신이평과 출운이 각각 10.8, 16.8%의 비율을 나타내어 수확 후 저장에 유의해야 할 것으로 나타났다. 열과율에 있어서는 0 (창방감율)～20.6% (세일)로 품종별로 많은 차이가 나타났으며, 산 대, 이평, 주옥, 광덕, 세일은 15% 이상이었으나 국견, 유마, 축파, 만성, 창방감율, 축파변이, 출운은 3% 이 하로 나타났다.

The repellency to female Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) of 21 essential oils alone or in combination with Calophyllum inophyllum nut oil (tamanu oil) was examined using a skin bioassay. Results were compared with those following treatment with the commonly used repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). As judged by the protection time (PT) to first bite at 0.5 mg cm-2, patchouli (3.67 h) was the most effective essential oil, followed by clove bud, lovage root, clove leaf and thyme white essential oils (3.50-2.12 h). Thyme red, oregano and geranium essential oils exhibited moderate protection time (PT, 1.24-1.11 h). At 0.25 mg cm-2, effective protection time of clove bud, clove leaf and lovage root essential oils was about 1 h. The protection times of DEET were 4.47 and 2.17h at 0.5 and 0.25 mg cm-2 respectively. The remarkable increase in the protection time were produced by binary mixtures of five essential oils (clove bud, clove leaf, thyme white, patchouli and savory) and tamanu oil (0.25:2.0 mg cm-2) compared with those of either the constituted essential oil, tamanu oil or DEET alone, indicating the involvement in synergy. These essential oils, tamanu oil and binary mixtures did not cause any adverse effects on the human volunteers at 0.5 mg cm-2 except savory oil. Thus binary mixtures of essential oils and tamanu oil described merit further study as potential insect repellents for protection from humans and domestic animals from biting and nuisance caused by S. calcitrans.

Triacylglycerols of the seeds of Ginkgo biloba have been resolved by high-performace liquid chromatography(HPLC in the silver-ion and reverse-phase modes. The fatty acids were identified by a combination of capillary gas chromatography and gas-chromatography /mass spectrometry as the methyl and /or picolinyl ester. The main components are C18:2Ω6(39.0mol%), C18:1Ω7(asclepic acid 21.5mol%), and C18:1Ω9(oleic acid, 13.8mol%). Considerable amounts of unusual acid such as C20:3δ5,11,14 (5.7mol%), C18:2δ5,9(2.8mol%), and C18:3δ5,9,12(1.6mol%), were checked. In addition, an anteiso-branched fatty acid, 14-methylhexadecanoic acid, was also present as a minor component(0.9 mol%). The triacylglycerols were separated into 17 fractions by reverse-phase HPLC, and the fractionation was achieved according to the partition numnber(PN) in which a δ5-non methylene interrupted double bond(5-NMDB) showed different behaviour from a methylene interrupted double bond in a molecule with a given cahinlength. Silver-ion HPLC exhibited excellent resolution in which fractions(23 fractions) were resolved on the basis of the number and configuration of double bonds. In this instance, the strength of interaction of a δ5-NMDB system with silver ions seemed to be weaker than a methylene interrupted double bond system. The principal triacylglycerol species are as follows ; (C18:2Ω6)2/C18:1Ω7, C18:1Ω9/C18:1Ω7/C18:2Ω6, (C18:1Ω7)2/C18:2Ω6, C16:1Ω7/C18:1Ω9/C20:3δ5,11,14, C16:1Ω7/C18:1Ω7/C20:3δ5,11,14, C18:1Ω9/C18:1Ω7/C18:2Ω6, C18:1Ω9/C18:2δ5,5/C20:3δ5,11,14, (C18:1Ω7)2/C18:2Ω6 and (C18:1Ω9)2/C18:2Ω6, while simple triacylglycerols without C18:2Ω6)3 were not present. Stereospecific analysis showed that fatty acids with δ5-NMDB system and saturated chains were predominantly located at the site of sn-3 carbon of glycerol backbones. It is evident that there is asymmetry in the distribution of fatty acids in the TG molecules of Ginkgo nut oils.

탈지 은행 종실 및 잎에서 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성 페놀산을 추출하여 식용 옥수수유 기질에서 항산화 효과를 비교하고자 0.02%(w/w)의 BHA, BHT와 각 추출물 (2% w/w)를 넣어 의 항온기에서 45일간 저장하면서 매 5일 간격으로 과산화물가, TBA가를 측정하여 다음과 같이 항산화 효과를 추정하였다. BHA, BHT와 은행 종실의 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 활용성 페놀산, 잎의 유리페놀산, 에스터형 및 불용성 페놀산 추출물을 첨가한 시험구와 대조구의 45일 저장후 과산화물가는 각각 133, 52, 115, 190, 127, 95, 140, 121, 280meq/kg, oil이었다. 한편 같은 조건하에서 각 항산화성 물질의 TBA가는 0.153, 0.059, 0.175, 0.260, 0.187, 0.160, 0.1 74, 0.195 0.430이었다. G.C.로 분리 확인된 페놀산은 은행 종실 및 잎 공히 Vanillin, -Hydroxybenzoic acid, Syringic acid, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid가 확인되었고 은행 종실에서는 trans-Cinnamic acid, Caffeic acid가, 잎에서는 Coumaric acid, Gentisic acid, Phloroglucinol, Pyrogallol이 각각 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 은행 종실 및 잎의 페놀산은 식용 옥수수유 기질에서 우수한 항산화 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

The study was performed to understand the effects of perilla and pine nut oils on hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol-fed male rats. All rats fed with the experimental diets for 3 weeks were decapitated to take serum. From the serum, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid, lipoprotein and glucose were measured, and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The experimental diets supplemented with perilla and pine nut did not influence on the body weight and on amount of food intake, but decreased significantly total cholesterol level by the rate of 22-30% 2. The perilla diets decreased the β-/α-lipoprotein value from 0.99 to 0.50-0.51, but the pine nut diets decreased to 0.68-0.69. 3. The 10% diets of perilla and pine nut decreased the triglyceride concentration by the rate of 11-14%, but it was not significant difference. 4. The perilla diets increased the HDL-cholesterol level by the rate of 53-72%, and the pine nut diets 72-92%, but both of these diets did not influence on the free cholesterol concentration. 5. The perilla diets decreased phospholipid concentration by the rate of 20-23%, but it was not significant difference. 6. The diets of 10% perilla and 5% pine nut decreased significantly the free fatty acid concentration by the rate of 48% and 34% respectively. 7. The diets of 10% perilla and pine nut decreased a little the glucose level, but it was not significant difference.

3 tests are performed to analyze the specific performance and pullout strength of an anchor bolt which has a greater contact area with the concrete. In the case of connecting bar which connect the non-symmetric nuts together, the pullout strength greatly increased than the normal bolt cases.

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is one of most important diseases in Cucurbitaceae due to infection of Acidovorax citrulli, causing huge economic losses damage worldwide. This seedborn disease spread rapidly at period of high temperature and humidity. The eco-friendly farming is getting popular. So far there was no effective agent to control BFB in eco-friendly farming. Therefore, effect of the material based on chinese nut-gall extract with antibacterial activity against BFB to was tested against A. citrulli. Different hosts showed various symptoms of BFB. Liquid formulation among exhibited most effective anti-bacterial activity on A. citrulli. Pot experiment in greenhouse showed the potential as an control agent of BFB in cucurbits. The treatment of material based on chinese nut-gall extract showed the positive effect on survival of the watermelon seedling and on the length of the cucumber seedling treated with A. citrulli. We cautiously conclude that the material based on chinese nut-gall extract used in this study may be good agents against major diseases of cucurbits in the future even though it is require to be tested with more study on field test.

12 tests are performed to analyze the specific performance and pullout strength of an anchor bolt against which has a greater contact area with the concrete. In the case of unsymmetric nut, the pullout average strength at the side registers over 14% stronger in comparison with normal bolts.

본 연구는 수박 과실썩음병의 원인균인 A. avenae subsp. citrulli에 대해 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 오배자(S. chinensis)를 대상으로 수행되었다. 오배자를 MeOH로 추출하여 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 가장 강한 활성을 나타낸 hexane fraction을 column chromatography로 분리하여 활성이 강한 분획들을 GC-MS로 분석하였다. GC chromatogram 상의 주요 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling한 결과, 지방산인 myristic acid, palmitic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol이 주요 물질로 검출되었다. 이들 검출 화합물의 항균활성을 검정하기 위하여 표준품을 사용하여 bioassay한 결과, myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 강한 활성을 보였다. 따라서 오배자로부터 분리한 myristic acid와 3-n-pentadecylphenol 화합물이 항균 활성물질인 것을 구명하였다.

난대성 상록활엽수종의 자원화 및 식품 소재화 탐색을 목적으로 구실잣밤나무(Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii ) 열매(구실잣밤) 추출물의 수율, pH, 당도, 색도, 구성당, 유기산 함량, 페놀 함량 및 항산화활성을 검정하였다. 각 용매에 대한 추출물의 수율은 물 추출물에서 3.6%로 가장 높았고, pH는 6.43의 중성값을 보였으며, 당도는 3.17 를 나타내었다. 색도 중 L값은 83.07, a값은 1.49 그리

A new chestnut cultivar, “Mipung” was released from Korean native chestnut trees by chestnut laboratory of the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in 2006. This cultivar was selected first from a natural population in 1984, and the preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation were carried out from 1985 to 2005. “Mipung” is a late-ripening cultivar, and its optimal ripening date is late September. It has good nut quality for eating raw and processing. Its average nut weight is 27.3 g, much heavier than that of the check cultivar, “Arima”. It had also been identified to have resistance to chestnut blight disease and chestnut gall wasp threatening to chestnut trees. The average yield of 8 year-old “Mipung” was 8.8kg per tree, which was superior to that of “Arima”.

본 연구는 호도나무 교잡종 과실의 양적 및 질적형질의 특성을 조사하였으며 입중 및 인중, 인중비 등 과실의 주요형질에 의한 품질이 우수한 개체를 선발하여 신품종을 육성하는데 필요한 기초자료로 활용하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 입중이 13g 이상이고 인중비가 50%이상의 양적형질의 선발기준에 의해 산성4호×Concord 8번 개체 등 4개체가 우량개체로 가장 유망시 되었다. 특히 봉합선 폭은 인중비가 높은 우량과실 및 개체를 선별할 수 있는 중요한 요인임을 확인할 수 있었으며 인중과 입중이 무거울수록 인의 길이가 긴 것으로 조사되었다. 격막의 두께는 두꺼울수록 인의 분리가 어려운 것으로 나타나 인의 분리용이도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 질적형질은 개체 및 교배조합간 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 모든 형질에 대하여 동일개체 내에서 다양한 특성이 동시에 관찰되었다.