기후위기 대응과 탄소중립 실현을 위한 전략으로 해상풍력발전이 주목받고 있 으며, 한국 정부도 이를 국가 에너지 정책의 핵심 축으로 삼아 대규모 확대를 추진 중이다. 그러나 해상풍력은 어업, 환경, 지역사회 등 다양한 해양 이용 주 체들과의 이해 충돌 속에서 추진되고 있으며 이로 인한 갈등은 사업 지연 또는 무산으로 이어지는 사례가 늘고 있다. 본 연구는 해상풍력 발전과 관련된 법 적·사회적 갈등 중에서도 어업손실 보상제도에 초점을 맞추어 현행 제도의 문제점을 분석하고 제도 개선 방향을 제시하였다. 연구 결과 현재의 어업손실 보상제도는 법적 근거가 미흡하고 보상 대상 범위 가 제한적이며, 손실 산정 기준 역시 현실과 괴리가 크다는 문제가 확인되었다. 특히 민간사업자의 경우 법적 보상 협의 의무가 명확하지 않아 사업자와 어민 간 갈등이 장기화되고 있다. 해외 주요국 사례(영국, 대만, 덴마크)를 분석한 결 과 이들 국가는 제도화된 협의 절차, 어민 참여형 평가 시스템, 정교한 피해 산정 기준을 통해 갈등을 최소화하고 있었다. 이에 본 논문은 해상풍력 어업손실 보상제도의 법제화, 현실적 산정 기준 마련, 어업 증빙을 위한 정보화 기반 구축을 핵심 과제로 제안한다. 이는 단순한 보 상을 넘어 지역사회와의 상생과 지속가능한 해상풍력 확산을 위한 제도적 기 반이 될 수 있다.

The development of offshore wind energy plays a pivotal role in Taiwan’s transition to a lowcarbon economy. To secure the profits of substantial investments in offshore wind energy, long-term contracts are essential. However, supervening incidents could halt, damage, or destroy offshore wind projects. Force majeure clauses serve as a preventive mechanism to address these unforeseen risks. Despite their significance, contract drafters often overlook the importance of force majeure clauses. This article contends that offshore wind developers and the Taiwanese government should collaborate as partners to carefully draft force majeure clauses in offshore wind contracts, ensuring proper allocation of unforeseen risks. By examining the concept of force majeure under the CISG and Taiwanese law, this article proposes fundamental elements and a model clause for force majeure in offshore wind contracts.

This study aimed to enhance the operational efficiency and safety of offshore eel trap fisheries by developing six types of automated fishing equipment: a bait crusher, bait cutter, main line arranging device, trap cleaning device, eel sorting device, and fish pump system. Sea trials demonstrated that the bait crusher and bait cutter significantly reduced manual labor and processing time while maintaining bait quality. The main line arranging device improved productivity and safety by automating the sorting of looped cords. The trap cleaning device effectively removed fouling organisms using high-pressure water and rotating brushes. The eel sorting device enabled automatic size-based selection, improving resource management and operational efficiency. The fish pump system transferred eels rapidly with minimal physical damage, reducing unloading time by over 80% and decreasing labor requirements. A satisfaction survey of fishery participants confirmed that all developed devices were highly effective in reducing workload, enhancing safety, and improving operational performance. The automated equipment developed in this study is expected to contribute to the sustainable management of offshore eel trap fisheries and to offer potential applicability to other coastal and offshore fisheries.

This study examined the offshore eel trap fishing process using one year of fishing logs and fishermen’s insights to identify key operational challenges and propose equipment improvement for greater efficiency and safety. Conger eel catches varied significantly by season, depth, and temperature, peaking in winter at 85–90 m and 23°C. The western waters of Jeju Island were identified as a major fishing ground, with the highest catch recorded in November and the lowest in July, reflecting seasonal trends. Each fishing operation deployed about 10,000 traps, with an average loss of 38 traps, posing economic concerns. The process involved intensive manual labor in bait preparation, trap retrieval, catch separation, line loading, and unloading, leading to high physical demands and safety risks. To address these issues, the study proposed automation through the development of a line loading device, trap cleaning device, bait processing machine, and automatic catch separator. These innovations could reduce the labor force required by one to two workers per process, alleviate workloads, and enhance resource management. By integrating quantitative logbook analysis with field-based knowledge, this study offers practical value. Further research is recommended on automation development, cost-effectiveness, and field validation to support safer and more sustainable eel trap fisheries.

해상풍력 프로젝트의 발전사업허가 취득 및 연간 예상발전량 평가를 위해서는 최소 1년 이상의 해상관측자료 확보가 필수적 이나, 입지선정 과정 및 사전예비타당성 단계에서는 재해석자료나 중규모 모델링 자료와 같은 기상·기후데이터가 활용된다. 하지만, 이 들은 관측값 대비 다소 높은 불확도를 내포하고 있기 때문에 이들을 기반으로 한 발전량 평가 결과 역시 불확실성을 가지게 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 HeMOSU-1 해상기상탑 관측자료와 인근 격자점에서의 ERA5, EMD-WRF 데이터의 시계열 및 특성을 비교, 검증하여 국내 서남해권의 해상풍력 프로젝트의 사전예비타당성평가의 신뢰성을 확보하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기계적·열적 대기안정도 지수인 연직윈드시어와 모닌 오브코프 길이, 리차드슨 수를 각각 활용하여 관측값 부재시 국내 서남해상에서 ERA5와 EMD-WRF를 사용하는 것이 정량적으로 어느 정도의 오차를 보이는지, 또 대기안정도별 변화 트렌드는 유사한지를 파악하였다.

As global greenhouse gas reduction regulations are strengthened and the demand for eco-friendly energy increases, renewable energies, including offshore wind power, are growing rapidly. Unlike onshore wind power generation, offshore wind power is located in the ocean. As a result, the offshore wind power substructure is exposed to low temperatures, corrosion, and continuous fatigue loads. Therefore, selecting appropriate materials and welding techniques is crucial for durability. In this study, FCAW welding was performed on S355ML steel (EN10025) for offshore wind power applications. After the welding process, the mechanical properties of the welded joint were evaluated through tensile, low-temperature impact, and hardness tests to assess the welding condition. The study revealed that the tensile and yield strength of the welded joint were superior to those of the base material. Additionally, the impact strength at low temperatures was confirmed to exceed the standard.

The purpose of this study is to construct an industry-sector-fishery competitiveness index, examine the types and changes of competitiveness, and derive implications by processing data from the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery from 2013 to 2020 for this study. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, considering the overall competitiveness of offshore fishery by industry and year, offshore octopus farm and the other five fishing businesses were relatively competitive. Second, considering the overall competitiveness of inshore fishery by industry and year, we found that shrimp trawl fishing and glass eel gill net fishing were relatively competitive. Third, offshore longline and the other four fishing businesses were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 by looking at the types of competitiveness based on the competitiveness index in the offshore fishery of management and fishing sectors by industry. Fourth, shrimp trawl fishing was relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 based on the competitiveness index in the inshore fishery of management and fishing sectors by industry and year. The results of this study have some limitations in outlier treatment, grade assignment, and weight for aggregation. Therefore, research on the analysis of competitiveness index and type in offshore and inshore fisheries considering these limitations needs to be conducted in the future. In conclusion, the results of this study which were derived objectively and scientifically are expected to help the central or local governments determine the priority of support projects or investments such as fishing boat reduction project. To meet these expectations, a high level of quality control is required for data of the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery underlying this study.

This study aims to examine total factor productivity (TFP) and its determinants in offshore fisheries under the worsening fishing environment and to propose policy improvement based on the estimation results. We identified a decline in TFP of offshore fisheries from 2012 to 2020 employing the global Malmquist productivity index (GMPI), with the primary cause being the regression of the production possibility frontier due to the reduction of fishery resources. Moreover, utilizing the system generalized method of moments (GMM), we found that the determinants, such as the cessation of operations in Japan’s EEZ, vessel age, fishing experience, and oil prices, contribute to a decrease in the TFP of offshore fisheries. Therefore, this study suggests implementing a total allowable catch (TAC)-centered fishery resource management policy, along with reducing loan interest rates and extending the repayment period for the vessel modernization project. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the TFP of offshore fisheries by providing regular training for fishermen, implementing the tax-free petroleum stockpiling project, and developing alternative fishing grounds.

This study analyzed the catch data of Chionoecetes japonicus in the offshore trap fishery from 2009 to 2022 to investigate the spatial distribution changes of fishing grounds in the East Sea. The results showed that the center of the fishing grounds consistently shifted offshore and northward from 2009 to 2020, but moved back towards the coastal areas since 2020. When comparing the catch of C. japonicus from the offshore trap fishery between 2009-2015 and 2016-2022, statistically significant differences were found (p<0.01). Analysis of the center of the fishing grounds revealed that they gradually shifted offshore while the fishing grounds were initially concentrated in the coastal areas of the East Sea. This suggests that the center of the fishing grounds moved offshore and northward as the C. japonicus in the coastal fishing grounds decreased. The shift of the fishing grounds back towards the coastal areas since 2020 is attributed to the increased operational costs due to the soaring fuel prices and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a decline in consumer demand for live seafood consumed in restaurants. Consequently, the offshore trap fishery for C. japonicus shifted their focus from offshore areas, which required higher operational costs due to increased fuel consumption and longer fishing times, to coastal areas, that were relatively less costly. This study is the first scientific results of its kind to investigate the formation of fishing grounds and annual changes in the fishing grounds of C. japonicus caught in offshore trap fishery in the East Sea from 2009 to 2022.

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of management performance in the remaining offshore fishing industry after the resource management-oriented fisheries structure improvement policy by the fisheries vessel buy-back program and Total Allowable Catch (TAC). The results of the analysis of the determinants of management performance of offshore fishing can be summarized as follows. First, based on the management performance determinant model of offshore fishing, it is confirmed that the government's resource-managed fishing structure improvement policy, such as the fishing boat reduction project and the TAC policy, is improving the management performance of the resource-managed remaining fishing boat. Second, looking at the specific management performance determinants based on the management performance model of offshore fishing, the leverage ratio (TLTA), which is the total debt ratio, shows a statistically significant positive (+) relationship with management performance, which increases management performance directly proportional to the leverage ratio. The increase in the leverage ratio (total debt ratio) was expected to lead to a high interest cost burden, resulting in a reverse (-) financial leverage effect; however, rather a positive (+) financial leverage effect occurred with a high profit covering interest costs. The total catch (TCATCH) has a positive (+) relationship with management performance at a statistical significance level of less than 1%, indicating that an increase in catch is improving or increasing the management performance of fishing companies. The selling price (UPRICE) shows a positive (+) relationship with management performance at a very high statistical significance level of less than 1%, and it can be seen that high fishing prices are a major factor in improving or increasing the management performance of offshore fishing. On the other hand, fishing vessel tonnage (TON), fishing vessel horsepower (RHP), and operating days (WDAYS), which indicate have a statistically significant negative (-) relationship with management performance, which deviates from the existing fisheries common sense that the size of fishing vessel tonnage and fishing vessel horsepower and the increase in the number of operating days is proportional to management performance. As a result of the increase in fishing vessel tonnage, horsepower, and the number of operating days, it was confirmed that the higher the fishing cost, such as oil costs, is worsening the management performance of fishing companies. Participation in TAC has a statistically significant positive (+) value with management performance, indicating that the remaining offshore fishing companies participating in TAC are improving or increasing management performance compared to offshore fishing companies that do not. Third, there are conflicting results depending on the industry as a result of estimating the management performance determinants of offshore fishing by TAC participation, and TAC participation had a negative impact on management performance in anchovy boat seine and southern west sea bottom trawl in fishing industry while TAC participation had a positive impact on management performance in large stow nets on anchor in fishing industry.

본 논문에서는 다목적 구조물인 다중연결 해양부유체를 대상으로 변형 기반 모드 차수축소법을 적용하고 차수축소모델의 구조응 답 예측 성능을 향상시키기 위해 유전 알고리즘 기반의 센서 배치 최적화를 수행하였다. 다중연결 해양부유체의 차수축소모델 생성 에 필요한 변형 기반 모드 데이터를 얻기 위해 다양한 규칙파랑하중조건에 대한 유체-구조 연성 수치해석을 수행하고 변형 기반 모드 의 직교성, 자기상관계수를 이용하여 주요 변형 기반 모드를 선정하였다. 다중연결 해양부유체의 경우 차수축소모델의 구조응답 예 측 성능이 계측 및 예측 구조응답 위치에 따라 민감하기 때문에 유전 알고리즘 기반의 최적화를 수행하여 최적의 센서 배치를 도출하 였다. 최적화 결과, 모든 센서 배치 조합에 대한 차수축소모델 생성 및 예측 성능 평가 대비 약 8배의 계산 비용을 절감하였으며, 예측 성능 평가 지표인 평균 제곱근 오차가 초기 센서 배치보다 84% 감소하였다. 또한, 다중연결 해양부유체 모형시험 결과를 이용하여 불 규칙파랑하중에 대한 최적화된 센서 배치의 차수축소모델의 구조응답 예측 성능을 평가 및 검증하였다.

해상풍력자원지도는 풍력발전사업, 국가 재생에너지 공급 정책, 전력계통망 계획의 핵심자료이다. 본 연구에서는 풍력자원 해석기술의 개발 동향을 검토하고 시사점을 논의하였다. 국가별 해상풍력자원지도 개발하여 활용하고 있는 대표적인 국가는 유럽연합 (덴마크), 미국, 그리고 일본이며, 이들을 중심으로 풍력자원지도 생산 기술 및 활용 현황을 분석하였다. 기본적으로 풍력자원지도의 품 질 향상을 위해 수치해석 기술을 업그레이드 해오고 있다. 이들의 개발 전략은 앙상블 중규모 수치해석과 중규모-미세규모 모델의 커 플링이었고 그 외 모델내 물리해석기법들의 적용은 지역마다 다른 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 최근 진보된 수치모델을 도입하고 우리 나라 풍황 특성을 고려하여 최적의 실험디자인을 도출해야 할 것으로 보인다. 특히 300 m부근의 대기경계층에서의 연직고도의 상세 한 반영은 공통점으로, 이는 대형화된 풍력터빈을 고려하여 최적의 풍력발전소 후보지 발굴에 적합하도록 장기간의 풍황정보를 정확 하게 제공하기 위한 제안사항인 것으로 보인다.

In this study, a survey on the coexistence of offshore wind farm and fishing activities in Gochang, Gunsan, and Buan’s fishermen in the southwest sea offshore wind farm was carried out witn an aim of examining the factors that should be considered when coexisting. A questionnaire was composed after referring to domestic and foreign literature data on examples of coexistence. The questionnaire was issued through direct visits. Frequency analysis and cross-analysis were used for survey response results, and IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 26 was used for statistical processing. As a result of analyzing a total of 84 questionnaires, the perception of the coexistence of offshore wind and fishing activities was the same by 50.0% positive and negative, respectively. As a result of cross-analysis by region, significant differences were found (p <0.039). Gochang fishermen showed a high negative perception of the coexistence of offshore wind and fishing activities at 62.1%, with the main reason being that fishing resources are expected to decrease due to the influence of noise, vibration, and current generated from offshore wind farm facilities. In Gunsan, negative perception of coexistence was high at 57.7%. This was mainly attributed to the impossibility to operate in the offshore wind farm due to the nature of the fishery. On the contrary, in the case of Buan, 69.0% of the positive perception of coexistence was high 'because fishermen were dissatisfied with the current coexistence plan (policy)'. According to previous studies, 91.8% of domestic fishing methods show the possibility of fishing activities in offshore wind under caution, so it is concluded that research should be conducted to coexist with offshore wind and fishing activities as in foreign countries for smooth installation of offshore wind and continuous fishing activities.

In response to the global transition towards carbon neutrality, there's an increasing emphasis on sustainable energy solutions, with offshore wind power playing a crucial role, especially in South Korea. This study presents an AI-based safety management system specifically designed for offshore wind operators. At the heart of this system is a machine learning algorithm that processes sensor data to automatically recognize human behavior and improve the accuracy of predicting worker actions and conditions. Such predictive analytics not only refines the analysis of behavioral patterns, but also increases the effectiveness of accident prevention. The results of this research are expected to significantly improve safety measures in offshore wind facilities and further sustainable energy initiatives.

In alignment with South Korea's “3020 Renewable Energy Expansion Plan,” this study focuses on the developing large-scale floating wind turbines. It addresses the challenges of increased size and cost in floating structures for wind turbines over 10MW. This paper details the preliminary design of a novel floating substructure utilizing composite materials(ie, EVA). Structural analysis was performed using ABAQUS, accounting for both typical and extreme wind conditions. Results from the analysis validate that the substructure design is adequately feasible for implementation.

In this study, the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) technique was used to analyze the risk of expected risk factors and fishing possibilities during gillnet fishing within the floating offshore wind farms (floating OWF). For this purpose, the risks that may occur during gillnet fishing within the floating offshore wind farms were defined as collisions, entanglements, and snags. In addition, the risk factors that cause these risks were classified into three upper risk factors and ten sub risk factors, and the three alternatives to gillnet fishing available within the floating OWF were classified and a hierarchy was established. Lastly, a survey was conducted targeting fisheries and marine experts and the response results were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, among the top risk factors, the risk was the greatest when laying fishing gear. The risk of the sub factors for each upper risk was found to be the highest at the berthing (mooring), the final hauling of fishing net, and the laying of the bottom layer net. Based on the alternatives, the average of the integrated risk rankings showed that allowing full navigation/fisheries had the highest risk. As a result of the final ranking analysis of the integrated risk, the overall ranking of allowing navigation/fisheries in areas where bottom layer nets were laid was ranked the first when moving vessels within the floating OWF was analyzed as the lowest integrated risk ranking of the 30th at the ban on navigation/fisheries. Through this, navigation was analyzed to be possible while it was analyzed that the possibility of gillnet fishing within the floating OWF was not high.

This study aimed to identify the actual catch situation of offshore dredge gear which is newly regulated in the legislation. It’s also conducted to identify the species composition, weight of the catch including the target species and incidental catches, and to provide the basic information necessary for the resource management of aquatic organisms caught by offshore dredge. During the investigation period (from September 2022 to May 2023), a total of 61 species appeared in the test operation sea of Boryeong, Chungcheongnam-do and Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, with 31 species of fishes, 11 species of malacostraca, six species of gastropoda, five species of bivalvia, three species of cephalopoda, three species of asteroidea, one species each of asteroidea and holothuroidea appeared. According to the results of the test operation conducted in September and November 2022, the non-catch season of Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, 1,203 shellfishes were caught out of 2,979 caught in number, showing a bycatch rate of 59.6%, and by weight, 157.9 kg of shellfish was caught out of the total catch of 448.4 kg, showing a bycatch rate of 64.8%. On the other hand, in February and May 2023, the catch season for Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata, 3,692 fishsells were caught out of the 4,232 catches in total, showing a bycatch rate of 12.8%, and by weight, 1,185.0 kg of shellfish was caught out of the total catch of 1,293.2 kg, showing an 8.3% bycatch rate.