본 연구는 대학 창의융합수업에서 Appreciative Inquiry 교수학습방법을 적용한 후 창의융합역량 학습 성과 효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 창의융합교육을 위한 창의융합역량 학습성과 평가도구를 개발하고 이를 타당화하였다. 이후, 경기도 소재 G 대학교 경영대학원에서 교육경영 교과목을 수강하는 대학원생 12명을 대상으로 교수학습 방법을 적용한 창의융합교육을 실시하고 창의융합역량 학 습성과 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 팀기반 Appreciative Inquiry 교수학습 방법이 학습자의 창의융합역 량 학습성과 증진에 유의미한 역할을 하였다. 학습자-학습자간, 교수자-학습자간 평가로 실시한 학습성 과 평가에서 Appreciative Inquiry의 4D 활동이 혁신적 사고, 다양한 아이디어, 경험의 결합, 협력적 태도 역량 증진에 효과적인 것으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 창의융합교육에서 학습자의 적극적인 참여와 협업을 바탕으로 긍정적인 분위기의 아이디어 발산과 공유의 팀기반 교수학습 방법이 창의융합역량 학습성과에 효과가 있다 결론을 도출하였다.

Following the Antecedents, Methods, and Outcomes (AMO) framework, this paper contributes to a better understanding of corporate activism (CA) in an international context. Through an in-depth review of publications over the past 33 years, we aim to shed light on the rising trend of CA and identify its most important antecedents, manifestations, and the short-term and long-term consequences of CA. In this context, we focus particularly on cross-country differences. Guided by the scientific Procedures and Rationales for a Systematic Literature Reviews Protocol (SPAR-4-SLR), this paper offers a framework-based systematic literature review on CA. We observe that the topic of CA is somewhat underexplored in the literature. Moreover, CA is very often misinterpreted, and lines between CA and similar terms, such as Corporate Social Responsibility, CEO activism, and lobbying often remain blurred. Nevertheless, our review identifies a rising trend among companies to express their stance on various controversial issues. Reflecting this trend, we can also witness a substantial increase in the number of studies on CA over the past two years. Through the articles identified in our literature review, we improve the understanding of the common antecedents and manifestations of CA, but also observe a lack of conceptual clarity in many extant contributions on CA. As to the outcome of CA, the literature indicates that the long-term and shortterm consequences of CA also still call for further analysis. The international nature and ramifications of CA, recently highlighted by the considerable CA in response to the war between Russia and Ukraine and its spillover effect worldwide, is neglected in current research. Thus, given the international dimension of some CA there is a particular need to research both, national idiosyncrasies and international consequences of CA.

The growing trend of companies using digital platforms for internationalization has raised the important issue of how companies on such platforms develop unique abilities, but few academic studies have focused on this field. This study develops a theoretical framework of the drivers and outcomes of multinational corporations’ organizational generativity on digital platforms. This study explores how companies effectively convert and integrate resources for generativity, and further improve firm performance during the process of internationalization. Our empirical results show that companies’ big data analytics capability, customer agility, platform openness, and network centrality have significant positive effects on organizational generativity. Furthermore, organizational generativity has a significant positive effect on firm performance. This study ultimately discusses theoretical and practical implications.

Adding new stores close to incumbent franchisees, or franchise encroachment, has been a contentious issue in the marketplace. Prior studies on the encroachment effect focus mainly on the store-level cannibalization, lacking the understanding of customer-level post-encroachment outcomes. The authors investigate individual-level transaction data from a cluster of bakery franchise stores to quantify the franchise encroachment effect at store- and individual-levels with store and customer heterogeneity. Our results show that incumbents experience a decrease in sales, and the extent of the lost sales is attenuated by the distance between incumbent and new stores and the size of incumbents’ product assortment. The individual-level analysis reveals that three customer segments exhibit different post-encroachment shopping behaviors: (1) patronizing incumbents only, (2) patronizing both incumbent and new stores, and (3) completely switching to new stores. While the second segment increases the post-encroachment overall spending, the third segment contributes to both cannibalization to incumbents and higher sales to the franchisor. Our findings offer managerial implications of how to manage franchise encroachment with context-dependency and customer segmentation in terms of maximizing overall franchise performance.

As the popularity of gaming has increased, the importance and effectiveness of in-game advertisements have become more relevant to marketers. However, despite this development, both marketing academics and practitioners do not fully comprehend how consumers respond to in-game advertisements. This study focuses on the dynamics associated with in-game advertisements, considering the privacy concerns and ad relevance expectations of consumers/gamers.

Voice assistant devices (VADs), driven and improved by artificial intelligence, have been adapted for consumers (e.g., Hey Google and Alexa) and are widely used for their daily lives (Guha et al., 2022; Rabassa, Sabri, & Spaletta, 2022). Consumers benefit from the use of a VAD as it makes their daily lives more convenient, more comfortable, and simpler (Zierau et al., 2022). At the same time, companies can also benefit from interactions with VADs by collecting consumer-related data and storing it in large databases for marketing purposes (Guha et al., 2022; Rabassa et al., 2022).

Conventional flipped learning instructional models are operated in a blended learning environment online and offline. In contrast, this study moved onto fully online systems and explored how a sense of presence worked for students’ learning outcomes at university English writing courses. The two research questions for this study are: 1) What is the relationship between a sense of presence (teaching, cognitive, social presence) and learning outcomes (group cohesion, class satisfaction)? and 2) What are the variables among a sense of presence that affect group cohesion and class satisfaction? For the purposes of this study, 46 university students from English composition courses answered student questionnaires in the spring of 2021. Correlation and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to look into the relationships among the variables. Additionally, focus-group interviews were conducted and teaching journals were analyzed. The major findings were revealed as follows: Firstly, a sense of presence was significantly related to group cohesion and satisfaction. Secondly, social presence and cognitive presence only had a predictive power of group cohesion. Thirdly, cognitive presence and teaching presence were significant predictors of class satisfaction. Pedagogical implications are discussed for those interested in applying flipped learning in a fully online setting.

본 연구는 진로 성숙도와 진로 결정의 자기효능감이 진로 결정 이후의 노동시장 성과에 어떠한 영향 을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 성별이 청소년 후기의 진로 발달과 20대 후반의 노동시장 성과 간의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 평가하였다. 본 연구는 한국고용정보원에서 수집한 ‘청년패널조사 (YP)’ 데이터를 사용하였다. 2008년, 2010년, 2020년에 778명의 응답자로부터 수집한 정보를 활용하 여 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 진로발달 수준은 고등학교와 대학 재학 기간 동안 지속적으로 향상 되었으며, 대학 시절의 진로발달 수준이 노동시장 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 성별에 따라 진로발달과 노동시장 성과 간의 관계에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 성인 진입기에 진로발달을 위한 적극적인 개입이 필요함을 보여준다. 즉 노동시장 성과를 향상시키는 데 성인 진입기의 진로발달 프로그램 제공 등이 긍정적으로 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편 여성의 진로 는 남성의 경우보다 일-가정 양립 문제와 밀접한 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 SDGs 지표 등 성과관리를 위해 활용되고 있는 지표 중 농촌개발 분야에 적용 가능한 지표를 선정, 초선 조사(baseline) 자료로 활용할 것을 권고함. 1. 성과관리의 목적은 사업 형성을 위한 초기조사부터 사업 후 지속적인 관리를 통해 대상국에 의해 운영되어 지속가능성을 높이고자 하는 것으로 향후 도전과제 임. 2. 농업 분야의 개발협력 사업의 성패를 판단하는 근거는 사업 후 지속적인 운영 여부라 할 수 있으며, 국제사회가 채택한 SDGs를 토대로 발굴 및 기획 단계에서부터 사후평가의 전 과정에서 SDGs 지표를 활용하는 성과관리 방안을 도입하여 지속가능성을 강화하고 효과성을 제고할 필요가 있음.

Management of malignant diseases in elderly patients has been a global clinical issue because of increased life expectancy worldwide. Currently, pancreatic adenocarcinoma mainly occurs after 60 years of age, and its prognosis remains poor despite modest improvements in recent decades. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic cancer. Resection of the pancreas, either by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a complex surgical procedure with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. However, mortality rates after pancreatic surgery have dropped to less than 2-5% at experienced centers. Whereas, complication rates are high, reaching at least 30% in many centers. Mortality also increases proportionally with age viz. 6.7% of patients aged 65-69 years, 9.3% of patients aged 70-79 years, and 15.5% of patients aged 80 years or older. The present review article delineates clinical outcomes along with safety, morbidity and mortality after PD or LPD in elderly, especially in octogenarian patients.

이 글은 미래 선교의 중요한 독립변수들로서 인구절벽과 4차 산업혁명의 이슈들을 검토함으로써 한국 교회 선교의 미래를 조심스럽게 전망하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 인구절벽 현실에서 교회 선교의 연관성을 살펴본다. 인구절벽의 문제는 세계인구 증가율과 비교해 상대적으로 감소하고 있는 한국 인구 때문에 어쩔 수 없이 교인 수 감소를 받아들여야 하는 현실이 되었다는 점에서 그 실상을 살펴본다. 그 결과 인식의 전환이 필요한데, 전체 인구수에서 그리스도인의 비율을 높이는 전략을 취해야 한다. 또한 생물학적 성장 이외의 성장방법론을 취해야 한다. 또 다른 교회 선교의 독립변수로서 4차 산업혁명을 살펴볼 필요가 있는데, 특히 인구절벽의 상황에서 4차 산업혁명의 성과물을 활용하는 전략을 적극적으로 발굴할 필요가 있다는 점을 강조한다. 따라서 이 글은 고령자가 늘어나고, 디지털 기술로부터 소외된 사람들을 위해 교회 선교 자원을 동원하여 사회봉사 차원에서 접근할 필요가 있다는 점을 제시하려고 한다.

본 연구는 한국고용정보원에서 2007년부터 수집한 청년패널조사 자료를 활용하여 부모의 사회경제적 지위와 중등교육과정에서의 직업·진로 교육 경험이 성인기 초기에 해당하는 청년들의 취업 여부 및 임 금에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면 20대 초반에서 중반에 이르는 기간 동안 아버지의 높은 학력은 청년 자녀들의 취업 가능성을 낮추는 반면, 20대 후반에 이르게 되면 아버지의 학력에 따른 청년 자녀의 취업률 격차는 확인되지 않았다. 또한 아버지의 학력은 청년 자녀의 임금 수준에도 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 아버지의 학력이 높을수록 청년 자녀의 임금 수준도 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 중산층 이상에 해당하는 청년들의 경우 부모의 비공식적 지지 하에 취업 시기를 미루고 교육 및 훈련을 통해 보다 양질의 일자리를 획득하고 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 아버지의 학력과 청년 자녀의 임금 간의 정적 상관관계는 자녀가 30대에 진입한 이후까지도 지속되는 것으로 나 타났다. 또한 학교유형에 있어서 실업계 고등학교를 졸업한 청년들의 경우 일반 고등학교 졸업자들과 비교하여 취업 시기는 빠르지만 낮은 임금 수준을 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 노동시장에서 상대적으로 취약한 위치에 놓인 청년들의 특성을 파악하고 이들이 보다 나은 양질의 일 자리로 이행할 수 있도록 돕기 위한 대안 모색의 실마리를 제공하고자 하였다.

Prior social robotics research has shown that robot design influences if people perceive a robot as friendly, trustworthy, or safe (Castro-Gonzalez et al., 2016; Rosenthal-Von Der Pütten & Krämer, 2014). Meanwhile, recent conceptual work has suggested that social robots will increasingly be used in the front line of service encounters (Gonzalez-Jimenez, 2018; Van doorn et al., 2017). According to The International Journal of Social Robotics social robots are robots that can communicate and interact with humans, among themselves, and with the environment, within the cultural and social structure assigned to its role. Real examples of the inclusion of these robots in retail settings already exist. For instance, some retailers use Softbank´s robot Pepper to greet and inform customers. Social robots such as Pepper can use their sensors and cameras to interpret customer reactions and adapt accordingly. Moreover, the robot can even make product recommendations based on the assessed customer´s mood, age, gender and, if available, purchase history (McKenna, 2018). Not surprisingly, there is a vast market potential associated with these robots, which is expected to grow to 87 billion by 2025 (BCG, 2017).

Objectives: Free Water Protocols (FWPs) are implemented selectively because of mixed evidence on the benefits associated with their use. This retrospective study examines the implementation a long-standing clinical program and descriptively reports rehabilitation and quality care outcomes. Methods: Data were collected over 6 years (n = 575). Inpatient rehabilitation setting. Variables included in this study were age, medical diagnoses, rate of acute care hospital transfers, discharge destinations, length of time on FWP. Results: Cohort consisted of older adults (M = 68.43, SD = 15.11), with diagnosis of stroke (60.2%), brain injury (19.1%), spinal cord injury (7.3%), cardiac (1%), orthopedics (5%), other (13.1%). Acute care hospital transfers occurred in 6% as descriptively compared to national average (14%). Additionally, participants tolerated FWP for days (M = 14.1, SD = 14.4) and most went home following rehabilitation Discussion: This retrospective study concludes the feasibility of implementing a FWP in a rehabilitation facility and reports descriptive outcomes. Experimental research is required for conclusions to be made regarding effectiveness of the FWP for dysphagia.

Limb amputation is a salvage surgical procedure relatively common in small animals and other species. Wild animals after forelimb amputation have many difficulties in returning to normal life because forelimbs of arboreal quadrupeds are used to carry most of their weight and hold feed. This study investigated forelimb amputation and its outcomes in two raccoon dogs. Two male raccoon dogs presented for radio-ulnar fractures. Shoulder disarticulation amputation was applied to protect the thoracic cavity and reduce surgical time. After the operation, they could run comparatively faster with three legs. As they had good body condition and regular appetite during the hospitalization period, they were released to the area from which they were captured. Six months after the release, one of the raccoon dogs represented for hair loss by mites. It showed satisfactory function of the existing three limbs. Thus, amputation of forelimb could be considered as a treatment in raccoon dogs with severe limb status.

Purpose: Breast cancer survivors(BCS) have memory, attention, processing speed, and/or executive function impairment affecting their quality of life(QOL) and function. Study aims were: (1) compare computer-assisted cognitive training with visual exercises to one with audio+ visual exercises, and (2) gain insight into the relationship between engagement in meaningful activities, cognitive deficits and QOL. Methods: This pilot study used an experimental design with 24 women. Pre and post measures assessed working memory, perceived cognition, QOL and engagement in meaningful activities. Results: Treatment effects were not significant for working memory or engagement in meaningful activities. Visual group participants scored significantly better on perceived cognitive function posttest test(M = 91.62, SD = 21.75) than pretest(M = 74.48, SD = 29.00), p = .010 and significantly higher on QOL posttest(M = 6.42, SD = 1.27) than pretest(M = 5.60, SD = 1.76), p = .004. Pretest perceived cognitive function was significantly associated with pretest(ρ = .617, p < .001) and posttest(ρ = .436, p < .05) QOL. Conclusion: Computer-assisted cognitive training with visual exercises appears to improve perceived cognitive function and QOL for BCS. A positive relationship exists between perceived cognitive function and QOL.