Naringenin and its glycoside naringin (naringenin-7-O-glycoside) belong to this series of flavonoids and were well-known strong antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to flavonoid constituents and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cornucopiae. In order to determine active ingredient contents of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus cornucopiae, we were carried out total polyphenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) analyses. As a result, TPC (31.05 ± 0.03 g GAE/kg extract) and TFC (13.25 ± 1.24 g NE/kg extract) of Pleurotus cornucopiae were found significantly higher as compared to Pleurotus ostreatus. The IC50 values based on the DPPH (56.50 ± 0.73 μg/ml) and ABTS (86.53 ± 3.86 μg/ml) for Pleurotus cornucopiae were generally stronger showing potential antioxidant properties compared to Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, naringin and naringenin content were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. A great amount of naringin and naringenin was found in Pleurotus cornucopiae. These results indicate that the Pleurotus cornucopiae can be used as an antioxidant therapeutic agent.

To determine the medicinal properties of Pleurotus cornucopiae and Safflower Oil (PS), the osteoblast effect was investigated. PS can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. It was taken the measurements of biochemical factors such as serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, and bone status. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups for 12 weeks of treatment: (1) sham operation (SHAM) + vehicle; (2) ovariectomy (OVX) + vehicle; (3) OVX + 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg); (4) OVX + PS (300 mg/kg/d, PO). At the end of the experiment, bone turnover, and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histopathology, respectively. Ovariectomized rats experienced remarkable increases in global volumetric bone density, and trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. These OVX-induced pathological changes are reversible in that most of them could be mostly corrected upon 17β-estradiol treatment. PNS treatment significantly prevented bone mass loss and microarchitecture deterioration. Moreover, PS enhanced osteoblast activity but suppressed osteoclast turnover, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. PS mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.

Pleurotus cornucopiae (PC) mushrooms is found in the field and commonly known in Japan as Tamogidake mushrooms. Recently it has been reported that PC also alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals. However little is known about mechanism of the action of PC on osteoblast differentiation, especially in transcription factor. Inhibitor of DNA binding-1 (Id-1) function has been linked to the proliferation, migration, and senescence of cells, and studies about relationship between Id-1 and biological function. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of PC on osteoblast differentiation and expression of Id-1 and Id-2. PC treatment increased ALP, Col 1 and OCN. PC treatment up-regulated the mRNA levels of Id-1 and Id-2 genes. This PC–induced osteoblast differentiation is more effective in lower doses rather than high doses. This study shows that expression of Id-1 and Id-2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner during PC-induced osteoblast differentiation.

느타리버섯은 한국사람들에게 인기있는 버섯이며 새송 이버섯, 팽이버섯과 더불어 대부분 많이 재배되어지는 버 섯이다. 느타리버섯의 항산화 효능과 폴리페놀 함량을 비 교 분석하였다. 항산화 효능을 분석한 결과 열수추출에서 는 ASI 2099가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 주정과 메탄올 추 출물에서는 ASI 2122가 가장 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀 성분은 대부분 7~10 mg/g 이었으며, 추출용매별 함량차 이는 크지 않았다.

The antioxidant, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase inhibitory activities and polyphenol contents of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus cornucopae extracted with acetone, hot water and methanol (hereinafter referred to Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH). The antioxidant activities in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 93.23%, 89.55% and 92.58%, respectively at the concentration of 2.0 mg/ml. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 45.84%, 46.50% and 45.60%, respectively at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. Tyrosinase inhibition activity in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 52.11%, 50.12% and 55.81%, respectively at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. Total polyphenol contents in the Fr. Ace, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH were 18.99 mgGAEs/ g, 16.73 mgGAEs/g and 18.66 mgGAEs/g. These experimental results suggested that fruiting bodies of P. cornucopae contained good physio-chemical substances for promoting human health.

[Objective] The color is one of the important factor for commercial value of edible mushroom. Pleurotus cornucopiae is edible mushroom, naturally distributed in the northern part of Japan. Due to its beautiful yellowish color, P. cornucopiae is sometimes called as “Golden-Shimeji”. The unique flavor of this mushroom also help to enhacement its commercial value and the consumption of this mushroom has gradually increased. The yellow color of this mushroom is resistant against high temperature because the color is not diminished after deep-frying. These facts suggest that the structure and biosynthesis of this yellow color is very interesting. However, the report concerning about these profiles are none at all. In the present study, we tried to isolate yellow pigment from P. cornucopiae fruit body and some properties of the pigments were also investigated. [Methods and Results] The fruit body of P. cornucopiae was kindly given from Tanaka Machinery Corporation and kept in the freezer (-20°C) until use. The fruit body was homogenized with twice amount of ice cold distilled water with a mixer and subsequently filtered to be crude pigment solution. According to the result of ultra filtration by CentriPrep YM-10, molecular weight of the pigment was under 10,000. The resultant filtrate of YM-10 was concentrated by lyophilization and subsequently subjected to size exclusion chromatography (SEC) by Sephadex LH-20. Two different pigment fractions, brown and yellow, were obtained from SEC separation. According to the retention time of HPLC analysis with TSKgel G2500PWXL, the molecular weights of these two pigments are larger than size exclusion limit (Ca. 5,000). Moreover, detectable spot with ninhydrin reagent on thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis suggest that these pigments are guessed as peptide compounds. In addition, no color changes were observed after heating for 20 min at 100℃.

This study was carried out to investigate amino acid contents of golden mushroom and pink mushroom. The amino acid analysis was followed by AccQ-Tag method and HPLC on gradient conditions. Seventeen amino acids were analyzed and sixteen amino acids were found in golden mushroom ; fifteen amino acids in pink mushroom respectively. Among total amino acid in golden mushroom, cystein content was the highest and glycine, glutamic acid, proline were followed. Among total amino acid in pink mushroom, cystein was the highest and glycine, lysine, methionine were followed. As shown in Fig.1, 2, concerning amino acids, cystein was dominant. and alanine was detectied in golden mushroom but pink mushroom.

600, 700, 800, 900, 1000㎍/50g 무기셀레늄(Na2SeO3)의 배지처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간은 대조구 22일에 비하여 600~ 1000㎍/50g처리는 3~8일 까지 농도가 진할수록 배양기간이 길어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사밀도는 600~1000㎍/50g처리 까지는 대조구와 동일하게 보통이었다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 초발이소요일수는 600~1000㎍/50g처리는 대조구 5일에 비해 3~8일 까지 농도가 진할수록 초발이소요일수가 길어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 유효경수는 600~1000㎍/50g처리는 10~16개로 대조구 18개에 비해 2~8개 까지 농도가 진할수록 유효경수가 적어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 수량(개체중)은 600~1000㎍/50g 처리는 94~166g/850cc로 대조구 123g/850cc에 비해 5.7~23.5%까지 농도가 높을수록 수량이 감소되었다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 축적된 유기셀레늄 량은 600~ 1000㎍/50g처리까지 9.1~10.8㎍/g/dry로 농도가 높을수록 대조구 0.05㎍/g/dry에 비해 182~216배까지 축적되었다. 결론적으로 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량은 600~ 1000㎍/50g에서 억제되는 경향이 나타남에 따라 가장 적당한 농도는 600~ 1000㎍/50g보다 낮은 400㎍/50g이라고 본다.

100, 200, 300, 400, 500㎍/50g 무기셀레늄(Na2SeO3)의 배지처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 저농도 Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간은 대조구 22일에 비하여 100~400㎍/50g처리는 1~2일 단축되었고, 500㎍/50g처리는 1일 길어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사밀도는 100~500㎍/50g처리는 아주 치밀하였다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 초발이소요일수는 100~400㎍/50g처리는 3~4일로 대조구 5일에 비해 1~2일 단축되었다. 500㎍/50g처리는 1일 길어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 유효경수는 100~400㎍/50g처리는 19~20개로 대조구 18개에 비해 1~2개 증가되었다. 500㎍/50g처리는 17개로 대조구 18개에 비해 1개 적어졌다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 수량(개체중)은 100~400㎍/50g처리는 129~138g/850cc로 대조구 123g/850cc에 비해 4.9~12.2%까지 증수되었다. 500㎍/50g처리는 122g/850cc로 대조구 123g/850cc에 비해 수량이 감소되었다. Na2SeO3의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 축적된 유기셀레늄 량은 100~500㎍/50g처리까지 2.73~8.19㎍/g/dry로 농도가 높을수록 대조구 0.05㎍/g/dry에 비해 55~164배까지 축적되었다. 결론적으로 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량은 100~400㎍/50g까지는 촉진되었고 500㎍/50g에서 억제되는 경향이 나타남에 따라 보다 고농도 처리시 그의 영향을 조사할 필요성을 시사한다.

노랑느타리버섯 균사생장에 대한 영양원에 대한 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 탄소원은 maltose로 균사생장량은 357mg/25ml/15일이다. 2) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 질소원은 peptone으로 균사생장량은 374mg/25ml/15일이다. 3) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 유기산은 glutamic acid로 균사생장량은 389mg이다. 4) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 비타민은 biotin으로 균사생장량은 399mg/15일이다.5) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 C/N율은 40이다.

노랑느타리버섯의 인공재배를 위한 우량균주 선발 및 균사배양적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 노랑느타리버섯균의 적정배지는 MCM에서 87.8mm/10일로 균사생장과 균사밀도가 가장 좋았으며, 그 다음은 PDA, YM, MEA, Czapek 순이었다. 2) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 온도는 25℃이었으며 5℃에서는 균사가 사멸하였다. KNAC2003 균주는 25℃에서 87.8mm/10일로 균사생장과 밀도가 가장 양호하였으며, 온도별로는 25, 30, 20, 35, 10, 5℃ 순으로 균사생장 속도와 밀도가 좋았다. 3) 노랑느타리버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 산도(pH)는 6.0에서 88.3mm/10일이며 이보다 높거나 낮으면 균사생장과 밀도에 저해를 받는다.