Background: Despite the fact that aquatic exercise is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for children with cerebral palsy (CP), there are few research regarding its effectiveness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on upper extremity function and postural control during reaching in children with CP. Methods: Ten participants (eight males and two females; 4–10 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–IV) with spastic diplegia were recruited to this study. The aquatic exercise program consisted of four modified movements that were selected from the Halliwick 10-point program to enhance upper extremity and trunk movements. The participants attended treatment two times a week for 6 weeks, averaging 35 minutes each session. The Box and Block Test (BBT), transferring pennies in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) scores were used as clinical measures. Three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect and analyze kinematic data. Differences in BBT and BOT values among pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention (after 3 weeks) were analyzed using a Friedman test. In addition, the PRT scores and variables (movement time, hand velocity, straightness ratio, and number of movement units) from the three-dimensional motion analysis were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. When the results appeared to be statistically significant, a post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All clinical measures, which included BBT, transferring pennies of BOT, and PRT, were significantly increased between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores and between pre-intervention and retention scores after treatment (p = 0.001). Three-dimensional motion analysis mostly were significantly improved after treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic exercise may help to improve body function, activity, and participation in children with varying types of physical disabilities.

Background: Postural control deficit is a major characteristic in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Elastic ankle tapings are commonly used to facilitate postural control in patients with CAI as well as prevent relapse of a lateral ankle sprain. However, equivocal evidence exists concerning the effect of elastic ankle taping on postural control. Objects: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of elastic ankle tapings using kinesio taping (KT) and dynamic taping (DT) on static and dynamic postural control in patients with CAI. Methods: Fifteen subjects with CAI were participated in this study. The participants performed tests under three conditions (barefoot, KT, and DT). Static postural control was evaluated using the one-leg standing test (OLST) and dynamic postural control using the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare center of pressure (CoP) data and normalized mSEBT reach distances among the three conditions (with α = 0.05). Results: The CoP parameters (path length, ellipse area, and mean velocity) of the OLST significantly decreased on applying KT and DT compared with those when barefoot. The normalized reach distances in the anteromedial (AM), medial (M), and posteromedial (PM) directions of the mSEBT significantly increased with DT compared to that in the control condition. Further, the higher reach distances with KT compared with those in the control condition were obtained in the M and PM directions of the mSEBT. No significant differences were identified in any of the OLST and SEBT parameters between the two different taping applications. Conclusion: KT and DT improved static postural control during the OLST compared with the control condition. Moreover, these tapes improved dynamic postural control during the mSEBT compared to the control. Therefore, elastic ankle tapings are useful prophylactic devices for the prevention and treatment of ankle sprain in people with CAI.

Background: Visual and somatosensory integration processing is needed to reduce pusher behavior (PB) and improve postural control in hemiplegic patients with acute stroke. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of game-based postural vertical training (GPVT) on PB, postural control, and activity daily living (ADL) in acute stroke patients. Methods: Fourteen participants with acute stroke (<2 months post-stroke) who had PB according to the Burke lateropulsion scale (BLS) (score>2) were randomly divided into the GPVT group (n1=7) and conventional postural vertical training (CPVT) group (n2=7). The GPVT group performed game-based postural vertical training using a whole-body tilt apparatus. while the CPVT group performed conventional postural vertical training to reduce PB (30 minutes/session, 2 times/day, 5 days/week for 3 consecutive weeks). The BLS was evaluated to assess the severity of PB. And each subject’s postural control ability and ADL level were assessed using the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), balance posture ratio (BPR), and Korean-modified Barthel index (K-MBI). Outcomes were measured preand post-intervention. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-intervention assessment results showed that both interventions led to the following significant changes: decreased severity of PB scores and increased PASS, BPR, and K-MBI scores (p<.05). In particular, statistical analysis between the two groups, the BLS score was significantly decreased in the GPVT group (p<.05). And PASS, BPR, and K-MBI scores were significantly improved in the GPVT group than in the CPVT group (p<.01, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GPVT lessened PB severity and improved postural control ability and ADL levels in acute stroke patients.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 자세보조용구 적용의 효과를 측정하기 위해 사용하는 Seated Postural Control Measure (SPCM)를 한글화하고, 그 신뢰도를 조사하여 국내 적용가능성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : SPCM의 번안을 위해 한글 번역 및 검증, 역번역 및 검증으로 구성된 번안 절차를 거쳐 한글 판 SPCM을 완성한 후, 23명의 뇌성마비 장애인을 대상으로 내적 일치도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 검사자 간 신뢰도를 산출하였다. 결과 : 내적 일치도는 총점에 대해 .92, 정렬영역 .68, 기능영역 .97을 보였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 총 점에서 .95, 정렬영역 .93, 기능영역 .96으로 산출되었고, 검사자간 신뢰도는 총점에서 .98, 정렬영역 .83, 기능영역 .99로 나타나 한글판 SPCM이 높은 수준의 신뢰도를 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 체계적인 번안 절차를 통해 한글판 SPCM을 완성하였고, 본 평가도구가 높은 수준 의 신뢰도를 보유하고 있음을 입증하였다. 이에 따라 한글판 SPCM이 향후 보조공학분야에서 자세보조 용구 적용에 대한 객관적인 근거를 제시할 수 있는 평가도구로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This study aims to examine the effects of taping of the ankle joint on the static and dynamic balance and gait ability of stroke patients. Twenty-six stroke patients receiving physical therapy at a hospital located in Gyeonggi-do were divided equally into a group that had taping in physical therapy and an ordinary physical therapy group. They exercised for 30 minutes each, 3 times per week for 8 weeks from June to August 2011. Romberg’s eye open and eye closed tests, limits of stability(LOS), forward and back test, timed up and go test(TUG) and 10-meter gait velocity test were performed to evaluate static balance, dynamic balance, and gait ability, respectively, prior to and 8 weeks after the intervention. Differences within each group in relation to the lapse of time were compared by a paired t-test. Differences between the two groups were compared by an independent t-test. Regarding comparison of differences within each group, all tests resulted in significant changes in both groups after the intervention (p<.05). Comparison of differences between the two groups showed that taping in the physical therapy group had significantly better test results than the ordinary physical therapy group in all measured items(p<.05). The after effects of ankle taping on stroke patients are more efficient and effective than ordinary physical therapy alone in improving balance and gait ability.

In daily activities, people often perform two or more tasks simultaneously. This is referred to as dual-tasking or multi-tasking. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing dual tasks while using a mobile phone on static and dynamic postural stability. Twenty-four subjects were asked to stand on a force plate and then instructed to perform a balance task only (BT), a balance task while listening to music (BTL), a balance task while talking on the mobile phone (BTT), and a balance task while sending text messages (BTS). We used the BioRescue to measure postural sway and limit of stability for static and dynamic postural stability. Also the star excursion balance test (SEBT) was used to measure dynamic postural stability. A one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the effects of the BT, BTL, BTT, and BTS. The Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the differences among four tasks. Carrying out the BTS significantly decreased the limit of stability compared with carrying out the BT, BTL, and BTT (p<.05). In limit of stability, total surface area of BTT was more significantly decreased than that of BT and total surface area of BTS was more decreased than that of BT, BTL and BTT (p<.05). In the SEBT, the BTS displayed significantly smaller reach distance values compared with the BT or BTL (p<.05). These findings suggest that performing the balance task while sending text message on the mobile phone decreases dynamic postural stability, whereas performing the same task while listening to music using the mobile phone does not. Therefore, it requires more attention to maintain dynamic balance while sending text messages.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback on the postural control of stroke patients, by systematically varying conditions of visual feedback [eye-open condition (EO) vs. eye-closed condition (EC)], and base-support (both-side support, affected-side support, and unaffected-side support). In this study, we allocated 41 stroke patients with no damage in the cerebellum and visual cortex who can walk at least 10 meters independently, and 35 normal adults who have no experience of stroke to the control group. Both groups were asked to perform a "sit-to-stand" task three to five times, and their postural control ability was measured and compared in terms of asymmetric dependence (AD) instead of the traditional symmetric index (SI) in the literature. The results showed that although both subject groups maintained better postural control in the EO condition than in the EC condition, the patient group appeared to be more stable in EC than in EO when they were required to perform the task of the support condition given on the affected side. These results implied that visual feedback can impair stroke patients' postural control when it is combined with a specific support condition.

목적 : 자세조절과 시지각 능력은 일상생활 및 학습을 하는 데 있어 기초가 되고 이러 한 요소는 뇌성마비 아동을 치 료하는데 주된 목표가 된다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 경직형 뇌성마비 아동에서 안구운동프로그램이 자세조절과 시 지각 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2010년 5월 1일부터 2010년 8월 31일까지 부산에 위치한 P복지관에 내원하는 만4세~8세 경직형 뇌 성마비 아동을 대상으로 하였다. 10명의 경직형 뇌성마비 아동을 무작위로 실험군과 대조군으로 각각 5명씩 배정 하였다. 실험군에게는 안구운동프로그램과 함께 일반적 작업치료를 제공하고 대조군에게는 일반적 작업치료를 시 행하였다. 안구운동 프로그램은 단속성안구운동, 이접안구운동, 추적안구운동, 전정안구운동 4가지로 구성되어 있 다. 활동 중재는 1회 40분씩 주 3회로 8주 동안 제공되었다. 중재 전∙후에 대한 평가는 대동작기능평가(GMFM), 소아균형척도(PBS), 소아뻗기검사(PRT)와 한국판시지각발달검사(K-DTVP)를 사용하였다. 결과 : 안구운동프로그램을 수행한 실험군에서는 GMFM, PBS, PRT와 시각통합을 제외한 K-DTVP 모든 하위평 가항목에서 중재 전과 후의 점수가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으나(p<.05), 대조군에서는 PRT와 K-DTVP의 눈손협응과 공간위치를 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 두 집단 의 평가 점수의 변화량을 비교하였을 때 모든 평가항목에서 실험군이 대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 보여 자세조절 과 시지각 기능 향상이 대조군보다 더 좋음을 나타냈다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구는 경직형 뇌성마비 아동에서 안구운동프로그램 중재가 자세조절 및 시지각능력 향상에 효과적임을 시사한다.

This study examined whether any changes by mental task types on postural control in chronic stroke persons. Sixteen chronic stroke persons (mean age=53.75 yr) and sixteen age-and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age=54.44 yr) took part in this study. Participants randomly performed three different tasks on the stable and unstable surfaces. The no mental task was to stand while holding a 100 g weight in each hand, the arithmetic task (mental task) was to perform a silent 1-backwards counting while standing and holding a 100 g weight in each hand, and the simple task (mental task) was to stand and hold with both hands a tray (200 g) on which a glass filled with water has been placed. Sway path and sway velocity of the center of pressure (COP) were measured to assess standing postural control by task performance using the force platform. According to the results, in stroke group, total sway path and total sway velocity of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable surface (p<.05), and sway path (anteroposterior AP, mediolateral ML) of COP, total and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the unstable surface (p<.05). Especially, sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In healthy control group, sway path (AP, ML, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable and unstable surface (p<.05), and sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that arithmetic and simple task improved standing postural control for chronic stroke patients and the type of arithmetic and simple tasks were critical factor that reduced standing postural sway in dual-task conditions. Future research should determine whether dual-task conditions, including simple task, would be effective as a training program for standing postural control of stroke patients.

Core stability exercises for patients with hemiplegia have become increasingly important and a variety of exercises have been developed over the years to give the hemiplegic patients more stable postural control. This study examined the therapeutic effects of the core stability exercises on the ability of static and dynamic postural control. Fifteen hemiplegic patients (7 males, 8 females, age ranging from 46 to 76 years) hospitalized in a Daejoen rehabilitation hospital were enrolled in this study. Nine and 6 patients had a cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, respectively. The subjects participated in a core stability exercise program consisting of a total of 12 sessions 3 times each week over a 4-week period with each exercise lasting approximately 15 minutes. The ability of static and dynamic postural control by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG), respectively, were measured before and after the core stability exercise. A Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare the effects of the ability of static and dynamic postural control before and after core stability exercise in patients with hemiplegia. The =.05 level of significance was used for the statistical tests. Core stability exercises were effective in improving the ability of static postural control; BBS (p<.05). Core stability exercises were also effective in improving the ability of dynamic postural control; TUG (p<.05). Overall, core stability exercise is believed to be an important therapeutic method in rehabilitation programs for hemiplegic patients.

This study was aimed to understand the effects of perturbed floor surface on human postural stability while standing. Ten subjects were asked to stand quietly on the surface with two angles of inclination (0° and 5°), two contamination conditions(dry and

The present study was aimed at investigating the postural control ability of volleyball players with functional ankle instability. The subjects were 26 male volleyball players were divided into 2 groups (13 subjects with functional ankle instability and 13 subjects with ankle stability) who could evaluate Questionnaire. All the male participants were tested by a Balance Master System. This study were to measure of static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, motor function the difference between functional ankle instability group and control group. Ankle instability group and stable group in postural sway (°/sec) on film surface with eye closed in modified clinical test sensory interaction on balance, and left unilateral stance with eye opened and closed were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in limit of stability were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in left/right rhythmic weight shirt were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in turn time (sec) & turn sway (°) during step/quick turn and end sway (°/sec) in tandem walk were significantly different (p<.05). This study showed that volleyball players with functional ankle in stability were effected postural control ability by static balance & dynamic balance ability. Further study is needed to measure various athletic with functional ankle instability for clinical application.

The purpose of this study was to find any correlations among Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Tone Assessment Scale (TAS), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Fugl Meyer-Balance (FM-B), and to predict MBI from subscales of the PASS. The subjects were 41 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The main outcome measures were postural control (PASS), gait (MAS-G), Balance (FM-B), Tone (TAS), ADL (MBI). The data was analyzed using the Pearson product correlation. PASS scale was used between other clinical and instrumental indexes, multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for ADL incline, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to identify internal consistency on PASS scale. The results of this study areas follows: 1. The highest level was sitting without support, the lowest level was standing on paretic leg on PASS scale. The highest level was chair/bed transfer, the lowest level was bathing on MBI. 2. All items of the PASS, except postural tone were significantly correlated with Gait, Balance, MBI (p<.01), 3. The Internal Consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=.85) was very high, indicating that the PASS is homogeneous and is likely to produce consistent response. Furthermore, the sums of maintaining position items and of changing-position items were strongly correlated (r=.64, p<.05) and there were significant correlations between sums of PASS, sums of maintaining position items (r=.87, p<.01), and changing-position items (r=.93, p<.01). 4. The standing without support of the PASS items was the strongest variance (R²=.85) of the predicting ADL function. These findings provide strong evidence of the predictive value of the postural control on gait, Balance, ADL function in stroke patients and to can provide a reference for the successful therapeutic program and more improved functional recovery.

목적 : 본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 자세 조절이 일상생활동작 수행능력과 근 긴장도 변화 및 상지기 능 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다． 연구방법 : 본 연구를 위하여 국립재활원에 입원한 41명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 모든 환자들은 자세조절 평가 척도(Postural Assessment Scale stroke, PASS), 일상생활동작 수행능력 측정 도구(Modified Barthel Index, MBI), 긴장도 사정 척도(Tone Assessment scale, TAS), Fugl-Meyer 평가 척도(Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale－upper extremity) 등을 이용하였고 자료 분석은 피어슨 상관분석(pearson correlation coefficient), 단계적 다중 회귀분석(stepwise multiple regression）을 실시하였으며 내적 일치도를 알아보기 위하여 Cronbach's alpha Coefficient를 구하였다． 결과 : PASS항목에서 가장 기능이 좋은 것은 지지하여 서기로 나타났으며，가장 기능이 낮은 것은 환측으로 서기였고，MBI항목에서 가장 기능이 좋은 것은 의자／침상 이동이며， 가장 기능이 낮은 것은 목욕하기로 나타났다．PASS의 모든 항목은 MBI, FM-UE, TAS와 유의한 상관관계(r=-33~91, p<.05~01）가 있으며，FM-U/E와 MBI(r=.35, p<.05), TAS- 안정(r=.-40, p,<．0.1), 연합항목(r=-.39,p<.05)에서 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다．내적 일치도는 Cronbach's a=.86로 높게 나타났으며，PASS의 합과 자세유지 항목 (r=.90 p<.01)의 합，자세변화 항목(r=.93,p<.01)의 합은 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며，자세유지 항목의 합과 자세변화 항목의 합 간에는 유의한 상관관계(r=.69,p<.01)가 있었다．PASS 항목 중 누운자세에서 건측으로 돌기와 바닥에서 볼펜집어 올리기가 각각 ADL과 상지 기능을 예견하는데 가장 중요한 변수(R2=.95, R2=.56)임을 알 수 있었다． 결론 : PASS는 일상생활동작 수행 능력과 근 긴장도 및 상지기능수행 간에 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 뇌졸중 환자의 기능적 독립성을 예측할 수 있는 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다．

뇌기능 장애 환자에서 자세균형 제어능력의 저하는 보행 및 일상생활동작 수행 등에 어려움을 초래하며 이에 대한 정확한 평가 및 치료를 위하여 일상의 환경변화와 유사한 상황을 제공하고 이에 따른 자세균형 조절 능력을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 뇌기능 장애 환자에서 가상적 움직이는 환경에 따른 자세균형 조절 기능을 정확히 평가하고 환경의 움직임이 자세균형 조절에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 15명의 뇌기능 장애 환자들과 정상인 15명을 대상으로 실생활과 유사한 환경의 조성을 위하여 HMD를 이용한 가상 환경 움직임(Virtual Moving Surround)을 네 가지 다른 패턴으로 제공하였다. 자세동요의 정도는 힘판을 이용하여 신체압력중심의 변화를 전체이동거리, 동요주파수, 최대 빈도 COP 위치로 측정하였으며 가상 환경의 차이에 따른 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과 검사 재검사 신뢰도평가에서 일관된 분석결과를 나타냈고 뇌 기능장애 환자와 정상인의 분석에서는 두 그룹간의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 전후로 빠르게 변하는 가상 환경에서 가장 큰 자세동요를 나타내었고 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 뇌기능 장애 환자에서 가상 환경 변화가 자세균형 조절에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었으며 이러한 환자들을 위한 치료와 평가 환경 조성 등에도 유용한 자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of sensory integrative procedures in promoting postural control, bilateral coordination and motor planning outcomes in child with developmental delay. Design: A single-subject ABA research design. Setting: Early Intervention Center of University. Participant: A 7-year-old boy with developmental delay. Interventions: Sensory integrative procedure. The subject was tested four times before, four times during, and three times after intervention. Main Outcome Measure: Part of subtests of DeGangi-Berl Test of Sensory Integration, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency and Sensory Integration and Praxis Test. Result: Postural control and motor planning are effected on sensory integrative procedure. Bilateral coordination did not change by this study. The quality of performance was increased by the therapy.

The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the relationship between antigravity control(supine flexion and prone extension) and postural control(static and dynamic balance) by age, 2) to determine the quality of antigravity and postural control, and 3) to determine whether sex difference correlates with differences in antigravity and postural control in young normal children. We tested 120 children aged 4 to 7 years. The study results showed a significant relationship between antigravity and postural control by age. Quality scale measurements(r=0.90) indicated that the children in this study had not yet developed full antigravity or postural control. The study results revealed differences between sexes(f>m in 5 of 7 tests) and a significant relationship by age in antigravity and postural control.

Purpose: This study investigated whether there is a correspondence between linear and non-linear analysis for postural stability. Specifically, the focus on this study was to examine whether standard deviation could represent postural stability of whole body and each foot. Methods: 12 young adults participated in the experiment and had to maintain their balance with eyes open in 5 postures: side-by-side (SS), staggered (left (SL) or right (SR) foot forward), and tandem (left (TL) or right (TR) foot forward). Each subject had two 65s trials in each condition. Under two force platform protocol, center of pressure of left (COPL) and right (COPR) was measured and total body center of pressure (COPNET) was finally measured in both the anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) direction. Standard deviation (SD) of linear analysis and the largest Lyapunov expoenent (LyE) of non-linear analysis were measured for COPL, COPR, and COPNET across whole standing conditions. Results: SD of COPNET was larger in AP than ML in SR and SL conditions, whereas LyE of COPNET in AP and ML were not significantly different. In addition, SD of COPNET in AP was not significantly different from that in ML in TR and TL conditions, while LyE of COPNET in ML was larger than that in AP. Lastly, SD of COPL and COPR in ML was larger than that of COPR and COPL in TR and TL condition, respectively, on the other hand, there was no difference in LyE between COPL and COPR in ML in those conditions. Conclusion: Overall, there is an inconsistency between the SD and LyE during postural dynamics. The findings support the position that SD is not a representative measure of postural stability.

다이나믹 시스템 관점에 따르면 직립자세를 취하는 동안 발생하는 자세 흔들림은 단순히 불필요한 소음이 아닌 안정된 자세균형을 위해 필수적인 기능을 한다. 전후와 좌우 방향의 자세 흔들림 중 어느 한방향이 초자세적 과제 요구로 인해 고정 또는 감소시켜야 할 때 균형유지를 위한 탐색과 수행 기능을 위해 또 다른 방향의 자세 흔들림은 증가시켜야 한다. 본 연구는 초자세적 과제 요구로서 권총조준 과제를 사용하여 이 가설을 검증하였다. 열 명의 피험자들은 표적을 향해 측면 또는 정면자세로 서서 권총으로 가까운 거리(3m)와 먼 거리(10m)에 위치한 표적을 향해 조준선 정열을 하도록 요구되었다. 표적거리의 차이에 따른 전후와 좌우 방향의 자세 흔들림의 변화 크기를 압력판 시스템을 사용하여 측정하였다. 분석결과 측면과 정면자세 모두에서 표적거리가 증가했을 때 피험자들의 좌우와 전후 방향의 자세 흔들림의 크기는 유의하게 증가 또는 감소되지 않았다. 표적거리에 따른 자세 흔들림의 변화 크기가유의함에는 미치지는 못했지만 자세 흔들림의 변화 형태는 본 연구의 가설과 일치했다. 본 연구의 결과는 권총조준을 수행하는 동안 정확도와 자세균형의 요구를 충족시키기 위해 전후와 좌우 방향의 자세흔들림이 서로 보상적 관계로 작용한다는 본 연구의 가설을 부분적으로 지지한다. 유의함에 미치지 못한 표적거리 효과는 제한된 범위의 표적거리 조건과 권총사격의 특성에 비추어 논해진다.

이 연구의 목적은 인생전반에 걸쳐 인지 과제 수행 중 자동자세와 감각통합 반응의 발달과 변화에 대한 메커니즘을 Posturography를 통해 규명하고 궁극적으로 노인들의 낙상을 예방할 수 있는 기초 자료를 획득하는데 있다. 건강상의 문제가 없으며 어떤 형태의 대근감각, 인지적 또는 신경손상이 없는 남·녀를 대상으로 만 8세에서 75+세에 걸쳐 6개 연령층을 각각 15명식 무선 표집하여 연구 대상으로 선정하였다(8-9세, 14-15세, 20-25세, 40-45세, 65-74세, 75세+). 피험자들은 인지과제 수행과 인지과제 수행 없이 지면반력기 위에서 6가지 조건을 1회 20초씩 각 3회 시행하여 복합평형점수, 조건별 평형점수, 감각분석, 동작전략, COG 정렬 등의 감각구성에 대한 점수들이 획득되었다. 운동제어 검사는 지면반력기의 6가지 움직임 변화에 대한 체중분배, 잠복기, 진폭 등이 획득되었고 발바닥의 아래쪽이동과 발바닥의 위쪽이동에 대한 적응점수 등이 획득되었다. 실험 결과 종합 평형성, 조건별 평형성, 감각분석, 전략, COG정렬, 잠복기, 적응도, 등에 대해서 연령증가에 대한 변화가 인지과제 수행 여부에 관계없이 나타났다. 그러나 그 변화는 인지과제 수행시 노인 집단에서 더 크게 나타나났다. 노인의 자세제어 능력은 다른 연령집단과 비교하여 볼 때 인지과제 수행시 자세제어를 위한 종합적인 감각 통합과 이에 따른 전략에서 차이를 보이고 있고 이런 차이가 궁극적으로 많은 낙상을 가능하게 할 수도 있음을 보여주고 있다. 자동자세 반응에서 신경전달 속도와 적응면에서도 그 차이가 나타나고 있다. 노인들의 낙상은 일반적으로 알려진 신경계의 쇠퇴, 인지과제와 관련된 부적적한 감각통합, 그리고 돌발적인 상황에서의 자세제어 전략과도 관계가 있을 것으로 연구결과는 제언한다.