Background: Sarcopenia refers to a decrease in functional ability due to the loss of skeletal muscle. Sarcopenia can be prevented, delayed, and treated more effectively the sooner the intervention, and muscle mass and strength can be effectively increased through physical exercise and adequate protein intake. Because symptoms of sarcopenia do not appear in the early stages, awareness among healthcare professionals is essential for early diagnosis and subsequent intervention. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop sarcopenia questionnaire items and investigate additional factors in Korean clinical practice. Design: Qualitative research. Methods: A qualitative survey was conducted targeting eight physical therapists affiliated with the sarcopenia associations or physical therapists with extensive clinical experience. A preliminary sarcopenia questionnaire and a qualitative survey questionnaire created by the researchers were sent to the participants together. All questions were open-ended. Results: Through a qualitative survey, themes were derived, including barriers to equipment and healthcare reimbursement, the need for awareness of sarcopenia, and improvement of survey questions. Conclusion: The diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia requires efforts not only from physical therapists, but also from patients, government, and professional societies.

본 연구는 감정노동자 심리분석을 통한 심리치유 방향에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적 은 감정노동 심리치유 프로그램 개발에 기여 하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 G도 북부지역 감정노동자 157명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 연구 기간은 2021년 4월부터 2023년 2 월까지 진행되었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 28.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 일원분산분석 (One-way ANOVA) 및 피어슨의 상관관계 분석(pearson correlation analysis)을 하였다. 연 구결과는 직군별 감정노동 수준은 M 3.03∼3.96, 감정노동 인식은 M 2.40∼3.48 유의미한 차이가 없는 상태로 나타났다, 감정노동 실태 면에서 1직군(M 2.81), 2직군(M 2.88)은 다른 직군과 M 0.68∼0.4의 차이를 보이는 등 언어적 폭력에서 더 취약한 결과가 나타났다. 감정 노동의 수준 정도에 따라 감정 부조화 및 손상-고객 응대 부조화 및 갈등 순으로 직업 불 만족에 영향을 주고 있다는 유의미한 차이를 볼 수 있다. 정신적 평가결과에서도 감정노동 으로 인해 감정소진, 의욕 저하 등 심리적 문제가 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이를 통해 향후 감정노동자 심리치유 발전에 기여하고자 한다.

In order to understand basic data for improving the fishing system and fishing vessel structure in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 to analyze opinions on the improvement of operation status and fishing vessel structure. The questionnaire survey consisted of ten questions on the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and six questions on the improvement of fishing vessel structure, and the results of each question were analyzed by the region, the captain’s age, the captain’s career and the age of fishing vessel. As a result of analyzing opinions on the operation status of the coastal improved stow net fishery, it was found that the average time required for casting net was 32.8 to 33.0 minutes and that the average time required for hauling net was 41.0 to 42.2 minutes which took 10 to 12 minutes more than for casting net. The most important work requiring improvement during fishing operation (the first priority) were ‘hauling net operation,’ ‘readjustment and storage of fishing gear,’ and ‘fish handling’ and the hardest factor in fishing management were in the order of ‘reduction of catch,’ ‘labor shortage’ and ‘rising labor costs.’ The most institutional improvement that is most needed in coastal improved stow net fishery was an ‘using fine mesh nets.’ Most of the respondent to the questions on the experience in hiring foreign crews was ‘either hiring or willing to hire foreign crews,’ and the average number of foreign crews employed was found to be 2.3 to 2.4 persons. The most important reason for hiring (or considering employment) foreign crews was ‘high labor costs.’ The degree of communication with foreign crews during fishing operation were ‘moderate’ or ‘difficult to direct work.’ The most important problem in hiring foreign crews (the first priority) was an ‘illegal departure.’ As the survey results on the opinion of structural improvement of coastal improved stow net fishing vessel, the degree of satisfaction with fishing vessel structure related to fishing operation was found to be somewhat unsatisfactory, with an average of 3.3 points on a five-point scale. The inconvenient structure of fishing vessel in possession (the first priority), the space needed most for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first priority) and the space considered important for the construction of new fishing vessel (the first prioprity) was a ‘fish warehouse.’ The most preferred equipment for the construction of new fishing vessel were ‘engine operation monitoring’ and ‘navigation safety devices.’ The average size (tonnage class), the average horse power and the average total length of fishing vessel for proper profit and safety fishing operation was between 13.8 and 14.0 tonnes, 808.3 to 819.5 H.P. and 23.4 to 23.5 meters, respectively. The results of the operation status of coastal improved stow net fishery and the requirement for improving the fishing vessel structure are expected to be provided as basic data for reference when we build or improve the fishing vessel.

In this study, factors such as improvement of a fishing process and safety, reduction of the labor force and headcount and development of the automation technology for offshore (eel and crab) pot fishing vessels were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze and select the key factors using independent/paired sample t-test and correlation analysis, and a living lab was operated with ship owners, skippers and experts to discuss practical needs of the site. From the result of questionnaire survey and field requirements, it was possible to understand the level of awareness of ship safety, general safety equipment, fishing work process and fishing safety equipment from the point of view of the field. In addition, there were differences in the measurement results of each items because the working environment and experience were different according to the position of the ship owner and the skipper. The results of the questionnaire survey and various perceptions of field stakeholders were reflected when analyzing the fishing system and fishing process to choose the development equipment applicable to the field. From the analysis results, the selected development equipment based on the fishing equipment and process currently in operation are pot washing device, catch separation and fish hold injection device, length limit regulations and bait ejection device after use, automatic main line winding device, bait crusher, automatic (crab) pot hauling separator and so on.

In order to collect basic data for the improvement of fishing systems in coastal improved stow net fishery, a questionnaire survey and on-site hearing were conducted from May 10 to June 11, 2019 on the basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery and safety accidents that occurred during fishing operation. The questionnaire for the survey on the actual conditions of coastal improved stow net fishery consisted of a survey on basic matters (six questions) and a questionnaire (six questions) on safety accidents occurring during fishing operation. The results of the survey on basic items were analyzed by region (Incheon, Seocheon, Gunsan and Mokpo), by the captain’s age (less than 50 years of age, 50 to 60 years and more than 60 years of age), by the captain’s career (less than 20 years, 20 to 30 years, 30 to 40 years and more than 40 years) and by the age of fishing vessel (less than 10 years, 10 to 20 years and more than 20 years). According to the survey on basic items of coastal improved stow net fishery such as the captain’s age, the captain’s career, the age of fishing vessel, the fishing nets in use, the crews on board and the operation days per voyage by region, the average captain’s age was 55.7 years, the average captain’s career was 20.5 years, the average age of fishing vessels was 9.0 years, the average numbers of nets used by fishing boats was 14.0 sets, the average numbers of crew on board a fishing boat was 4.4 persons and the average numbers of operation days per voyage was 4.9 days (p < 0.05). As a result of the survey on safety factors during fishing operations, such as experience of ship accidents, major causes of ship accidents experienced, causes of ship accidents (first priority), experience of human accidents, major causes of human accidents, and causes of human accidents (first priority), more than 96% of the respondents experienced ship accidents including collisions with other vessels or fishing gear during fishing operations. The most significant cause of the accident was the other’s fishing gear installed in the fishing grounds. The first possible causes of ship accidents during fishing operations were found to be other fishing gear installed in fishing grounds, steering or engine failure, and inability to avoid accidents during casting and hauling nets. The survey of the experience of human accidents, such as injuries or sea falls, showed that more than 90% of the respondents experienced human accidents during fishing operations. The most important cause of accidents experienced during fishing operations was stucked in a fishing gear during casting and hauling nets. The first important causes of accidents during fishing operations were movement of the fishing gear during casting and hauling nets, damage of the fishing gear such as rope cutting. The results are expected to be provided as a basic data to prevent safety accidents occurring during fishing operation and improve the fishing system in the coastal improved stow net fishery.

This study examined the methods used in household doenjang (Korean soybean paste) production. Nine hundred fortythree responses were obtained using a nationwide, questionnaire-based survey (2018-2019) with non-probabilistic snowballing sampling. Consistent with previous studies, the respondents were primarily over the age of 50 years (97.1%) and female (97.9%). In addition to soybeans, the most used ingredients were red pepper (85.8%) and charcoal (85.5%), which most respondents obtained through direct farming (50.4-59.9%). Seasonal production occurred later in the higher latitude regions (Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do) (p < 0.01), which have lower average temperatures, and the fermentation period was shorter in the lower latitude regions (Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, Jeju-do) (p < 0.01), which have higher average temperatures. There were no significant regional differences in the season when doenjang was made, with most production occurring during January and February (81.1%). Most respondents (71.3%) made doenjang using homemade meju (soybean block used as a starter) in a traditional way to allow the microorganisms to be naturally inoculated. These results could be used as a basis for future research on topics such as starter development, standardized production, and safety of household doenjang.

The questionnaire survey was carried out to collect basic data to identify the cause of the risk that did not appear in the current data provided by the fishermen’s occupational accidents of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperative (NFFC) to the onsite specialist, such as a fishing master, chief engineer and fisher in stow net fishing vessel from June to July 2018. The results are as follows. A total of 134 cases were surveyed, including 53 cases in Yeosu, 44 cases in Mokpo, 30 cases in Boryeong and 7 cases in Gunsan. Approximately 60% of the respondents on board the stow net fishing vessel were more than 20 years old, and the boarding experience was seasoned and suitable for the respondents. In the 4M analysis by safety accident factor during fishing work, the mechanical factors included 51 cases (25.0%) of decrepit equipment or poor maintenance and 49 cases (24.0%) of systemic error of fishing equipment. The environmental factors exhibited 71 cases (33.5%) of poor communication by mixed manning of foreign fishermen and 63 cases (29.7%) of poor environment such as heavy weather etc. The human factors showed 78 cases (37.3%) of personnel’s carelessness and 45 cases (21.5%) of unskillfulness of operating net and haulers. The management factors exhibited 59 cases (32.1%) of work practice of poor safety precautions and 56 cases (30.4%) of inadequacy of education on hazard factor. The results are expected to contribute to the creation of a safe operating environment for stow net fishery, such as a fisher boarding a stow net fishing vessel, enabling the analysis of major causes of working safety accidents by cause.

We conducted a questionnaire survey to analyze the current status of the coastal composite fisheries, as well as the improvement point in designing a new type coastal composite fishing boat suitable for Korean fishing environments from April to August 2017. The questionnaire composed of 20 questions about the features of the coastal composite fishing boat and fishing work. The survey sites were selected to cover all parts of the country by considering the geographical position. The significance testing for the response results was accessed by  test and ANOVA. The results revealed that more than half (59.1%) of the fishermen operated one day per voyage and operating alone topped with 22.5% in the number of crews, followed by 2 persons (20.3%) and 5 persons (22.1%). The navigation devices had a high rate of installation and GPS plotter ranked first in the devices. In addition, fish finder ranked first in fishing equipment, followed by net hauler. The most inconvenient work that they felt during the fishing operation was fish handing at 49.8% and other general fishing works like setting and hauling line, deck cleaning accounted for about 25%. The hardest work was the accident by ropes wrapped around propeller and the engine trouble came in second. The most inconvenient facilities to the present design of fishing boat was wheelhouse (76.7%), followed by fish hold (38.5%), and deck (35.1%). Furthermore, inconvenient points related to the movement of fishing gear, noise and vibration of engine, slippery deck and small fish hold exceeded 50%.

The objective of the study is to assess temperament of a horse based on general temperament test by a questionnaire survey. Five test criteria were identified: gentleness, patience, aggressiveness, sensitivity, and friendliness, each on a 5-point scale. 114 horses bred at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in 2010, 2011 and 2012. The horses recorded scores of 3.6∼3.9 for gentleness, 3.1∼3.6 for patience, 3.4∼4.0 for aggressiveness, 2.8∼3.2 for sensitivity, and 3.4∼3.8 for friendliness, the overall score for sensitivity the lowest. Horses born in 2012 scored lower than the rest in all five areas at a statistically significant level (P<0.05). By gender, the colts scored higher than the fillies in all five areas, but the discrepancy was not statistically significant. Factor analysis yielded only one factor, and the Cronbach's α value was 0.980 for standardization of Factor 1, indicating a high reliability of internal consistency. The correlation coefficients among the test criteria ranged between 0.85 and 0.91 (P<0.01). The assessment criteria used in this study are expected to provide a useful basis designing a temperament test horses.

한국의 장묘 방법의 대부분은 매장묘지와 납골당묘지로 임야에서 이루어지고 있으며 국토 및 임야의 효율적 이용 면에서 심각한 문제가 대두되고 있다. 매장묘지의 제반 문제를 해결하기 위해서 정부 (산림 청), 지방자치단체 (인천광역시), 종교법인 (은회사)에서는 새로운 장묘 방법인 수목장을 조성하여 운영 하기시작하였다. 한국과 일본의 수목장에 대한 의식비교 설문조사 결과에 따르면, 80% 이상이 기존의 매장묘지 및 납골당묘지의 문제점을 인식하고 있었다. 그러나 아직까지 한국은 장묘문화에 대한 제반 문 제점이 산적해 있고, 수목장에 대한 전문가가 없는 상태에서 관리 및 운영이 이루어지고 있어 국민들의 기대와 요구에 부응한 기능 발휘를 할 수 없는 상태이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 환경 친화적 인 수목장은 새로운 장묘 문화로의 전환이다. 일본의 이와테켄 이치노세키시에 위치한 知勝院의 경우에 는 수목장 조성이 지역 정주 환경 개선에 영향을 주었고, 살기 좋은 마을 100선에 선정되어 관광객의 증가는 물론 지역경제소득 창출에도 좋은 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 상주시를 대상으로 사회 환경 변화와 산림의 다양한 기능 발휘를 통해 지역 활성화에 기여하고 지역 주민과 공존할 수 있는 지 역 상황에 적합한 수목장 조성의 필요성에 대하여 연구하였다.

This study surveyed the reading discomforts and the reasons for discomfortable reading of the safety and health information (texts and icons) presented on the agricultural vehicles/machines, pesticides, fertilizers, and feeds. Eighty seven people residing in rural area participated in the survey interview. Questionnaire survey showed that the most discomfortable product in reading the texts was pesticides. Forty three (49%) among participants had very-discomfortable or discomfortable in reading the texts used in the label of pesticides, and the main reason for the discomfort was small text size. The reading discomforts in reading the texts (varied from 4 point to 19 point and presented in 50 cm reading distance) showed different pattern according to the age groups. Three age groups (50s, 60s and older than 70s) showed a similar discomfort pattern, but different from the group of 30s and 40s. Forty four people (51%) had a problem in understanding the meaning of the icons and the main reasons were the small size and the difficulty in inferring the meaning of the icons. Thus, the more detailed and practical guidelines for the presentation format, particularly about the text heights and the size of icons, are required. Also, more comprehensive research is needed to investigate the readability and legibility of texts and icons.

Mould growth can deteriorate indoor air quality in buildings. To alleviate the problems in the built environment, accurate understanding of the risk factors associated for mould infestation is required. This study aims to evaluate current status of mould growth problems in residential buildings in Korea. Both the physical characteristics of buildings and the behaviour of occupants have been studied as risk factors. In this study, a questionnaire survey has been conducted randomly on a national basis. A total of 314 completed questionnaires were collected and processed for statistical analysis. The relationship between mould growth and activity factors was analyzed. As a result, about 30% of residential buildings in Korea reported mould problems. However, the types of residential buildings did not show a statistically significant difference in the ratio of mould problems.

Today''s database system needs to collect huge amount of questionnaire that results from development of the information technology by the internet, so it has to be administrable. However, there are many difficulties concerned with finding analytic data or

본 연구는 숲길 경관과 숲길 가장자리 임목밀도에 대한 대중의 관념적, 시각적 선호도를 조사 분석한 것이다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 관념적 조사로 행해진 숲길 경관 선호도의 경우, 울창하고 아늑하고 좁은 숲길을 울창하고 밝고 넓은 숲길보다 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 곡선으로 구불구불한 숲길이 직선으로 곧게 뻗은 숲길보다, 포장되지 않은 숲길이 포장된 숲길보다 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 숲길 가장자리 수종 구성과 관련하여 침엽수와 활엽수가 섞여 있는 숲길의 선호도가 침엽수, 활엽수로 조성된 숲길보다 높게 나타났다. 자연 그대로의 숲길을 길가에 꽃나무나 풀꽃 등을 심어놓은 숲길보다 더 선호했고, 숲 길가를 자연 그대로 살려 둔 숲길의 선호도가 풀깎기 등으로 잘 정리된 숲길보다 높게 나타났다. 숲길 가장자리의 잣나무림의 흉고직경별 입목간격에 따른 모습을 모델링하여 시각적 선호도를 조사한 결과, 일반소경재(D<25)에 해당하는 흉고직경 24(cm)의 경우, 2∼5(m) 범위의 입목간격에서 3m, 우량중경재(25≤D<40)에 해당하는 흉고직경 35(cm)의 경우, 3∼6(m) 범위의 입목간격에서 4m, 우량대경재(40≤D)에 속하는 흉고직경 45(cm)의 경우 4∼7(m) 범위의 입목간격에서 5m의 경관 선호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 현재 치유의 숲 조성 정책이 활발히 추진되고 있는 반면, 치유의 숲 조성을 위한 산림경관의 조성 및 관리에 대한 연구와 체계는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 치유의 숲 조성정책에 부응하여 경관의 시각적 질 향상을 통해 치유효과를 높이기 위한 산림경관관리의 기초자료로써 활용을 기대한다. 한편, 본 연구결과는 방문객이 기대하고 요구하는 숲길 경관의 이미지 파악은 가능하나, 가상의 풍경이나 응답자의 관념적 선호도에 기반하여 도출된 것이므로 실제 산림현장에 대한 반응과는 다르게 나타날 수 있는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 향후 풍부한 현장감을 통해 경관반응을 도출할 수 있는 후속 연구와 더불어 선호도 파악에서 나아가 선호 경관이 실제 인체의 생리적 반응과도 일치하는지에 대한 고찰이 필요한 바이다.

There are enormous challenges in the Istanbul Strait- one of the most important, congested and narrow waterways in the world - from the view point of risk determination and risk mitigation for the local traffic. Previously several traffic parameters such as; traffic volume for local vessels, traffic flow and potential encounters of local traffic, in addition to the possibility of collision, were investigated in order to determine the degree of dangers in the southern entrance of the Istanbul Strait. Furthermore, risky zones were also determined in this waterway. On the basis of the results of those, a group of expert was surveyed. These experts were pilots, Vessel Traffic Services Operators (VTS-O), Local Traffic Vessel Captains and Master Mariners who had several experience of navigation through the Istanbul Strait. In order to assess experts perceptions of danger and to propose further studies based on this survey. The questionnaire was analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) program version 13.0. Finally, some differences and/or shares on risk perceptions of expert in the Istanbul Strait are considered.

농림수산식품부는 어촌경제 활성화를 도모하기 위한 사업의 일환으로 2001년부터 어촌체험마을을 조성하고 있다. 그러나 일부 어촌 체험마을의 경우 체험객이 감소하거나 일시적 방문관광의 형태로 운영되고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 2006년도까지 우리나라 영남권에 선정된 총 21개 어촌체험마을을 대상으로 어촌체험마을 이용 현황 및 만족도 그리고 체험프로그램의 선호도 파악을 위한 설문조사를 수행하였다. 그리고 설문결과를 바탕으로 어촌체험마을의 활성화를 도모하고 어가소득증대와 어촌경기회복에 기여할 수 있는 3가지 활성화 방안을 제안하였다.

최근 우리나라 해기교육대학은 제3국 해기사의 국적선 승선, 국제경쟁력의 약화, 3D업종의 취업 및 이공계 기피현상 등과 같은 교육 환경 변화로 인하여 큰 어려움에 직면하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 교육환경 변화에 능동적으로 대처함으로써 21세기 해양혁명의 시대에 필요한 우수한 해기인력을 양성할 수 있는 효율적인 방안을 모색하기 위하여 한국해양대학교 해사대학 재학생을 대상으로 입학, 학업, 대학생활, 승선실습 및 진로선택의 5개 과정에 대하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 학생들의 변화된 의식구조 및 학교생활풍토를 파악하여 현 해기교육시스템의 문제점을 도출하고 그 해결 방향을 검토하였다.

수해발생에 따른 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 구조적인 대책뿐만 아니라 비구조적인 대책수립을 포함한 종합적인 수해 대응대책이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 비구조적인 대응대책 중 인명보호의 차원에서 중요한 피난활동을 중심으로 실제 피난행동을 하기까지의 영향요인을 설문조사를 토대로 분석하였다. 또한 향후 효과적인 수해대응을 위하여 태풍 루사 및 매미에 따른 침수지역주민을 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 피난 장소, 피난 거리 등을 분석하였다. 피난모의 실험을 통하여 피난에