The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the thoracic spine manipulation on spinal alignment (Cobb angle), pain, and trunk range of motion (ROM) in a patient with mild thoracic scoliosis. The Cobb angle was 11.0° and there was a right deviation of the thoracic spine. The subject had thoracic and lumbar pain, and had felt stiffness during turning of the trunk for about 3 years. Thoracic manipulation was applied at the upper thoracic spine as a therapeutic intervention three times per week for 5 weeks. After intervention, the Cobb angle decreased from 11.0° to 5.5° and the pain score decreased from 4.0 to 1.5, and the trunk left rotation ROM increased from 30.0° to 41.5°, and trunk right rotation ROM increased from 26.0° to 39.0°. These results suggest that the thrust thoracic manipulation technique had a positive effect on the spinal alignment, pain and trunk rotation ROM in patients with mild scoliosis.

토목분야 생산성 향상을 위해 BIM을 적용하기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있으나, 선형과 지반에 대한 정보가 필수적인 터널 구조물의 정보모델링에 대한 연구는 미흡한 상황이다. AMT에서 생성된 선형의 이산화를 통해 포인트의 정보를 BAT로 전 달하여 곡선 선형을 반영한 터널 모델 생성 방안을 제시하였다. 철도 구조물과 선형에 대한 물리적 요소와 공간적 요소를 모두 고려할 수 있도록 IFC 데이터 스키마를 확장하였으며, 확장된 데이터 스키마를 참조하여 선형, 구조물, 지반 정보에 대한 의미정보를 PSET에 담아 IFC기반의 정보관리를 가능하게 하였다. 제안한 방법에 따라 생성한 정보모델을 통해 터널과 밀접한 암반 등급을 자동으로 도출함으로써 활용성을 검증하였다.

건축분야에서 BIM이 널리 사용되면서, 토목구조물에 BIM을 적용하려는 노력이 최근 급속히 증가하고 있다. 그러나 기존 상용 BIM 소프트웨어의 기능은 건물 등의 건축물 중심으로 특화되어 있기 때문에 선형 중심의 토목구조물에 적용하기에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 철도 궤도부의 객체 정보를 관리하기 위하여 선형을 다룰 수 있는 소프트웨어와 BIM 소 프트웨어간의 정보공유를 통해 캔트가 반영된 정보모델 생성방법을 제시하였다. 철도 궤도부 모델링은 궤도부 구조물을 연속 구조물과 비연속 구조물로 분류한 후, 연속 구조물을 선형 소프트웨어에서 생성하고, 이후 공유된 선형정보를 이용하여 비연속 구조물의 정보모델을 생성하는 절차로 이루어진다. 이 때 비연속 구조물은 BIM 소프트웨어에 전달한 이산화된 궤도 선형 및 캔트 정보를 바탕으로 비연속 구조물 각각의 위치, 회전 정보를 계산하는 알고리즘을 통하여 생성된다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법을 오송 철도종합시험선로에 적용하여 그 실용성을 검증하였으며, 생성된 정보모델을 기반으로 명확한 객체 식별과 속성정보 추출 및 객체별 물량산출이 가능함을 확인하였다.

In this study, the ion beam irradiation method on organic (polyamic acid and epoxy resin compound) overcoat layer was investigated. The use of ion beam on overcoat organic layer has the potential to replace conventional rubbing process. The traditional alignment layer is made by coating process and 2 times heat treatment on polyamic acid liquid. It requires many times and process steps. However, it is very economic and convenient process substitute polyimide alignment layer for organic overcoat. In order to characterize the LC alignment the polarized microscope image and pretilt angle measurement were investigated. The good LC aligning capabilities treated on the organic overcoat thin film surfaces with ion beam exposure of 45° at above ion beam energy density of 1200 eV were achieved.

Background: Shoulder stabilization commonly involves two components: the glenohumeral stabilization exercise (GSE) and scapular stabilization exercise (SSE). Despite the fact that the shoulder stabilization has advantageous merit, to our knowledge, only a few studies have compared the superior of the GSE and the SSE. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of GSE in patients with nonspecific shoulder pain. Methods: Thirty subjects with nonspecific shoulder pain were randomly divided into an experimental group and control group, each with 15 patients. The experimental group used an GSE, whereas the control group did SSE. All subjects were measured in shoulder stability, scapular symmetric alignment, pain, muscle power, and range of motion before and after the intervention. Results: GSE resulted in significantly better shoulder stability (p=.046, from 8.67±7.54 score to 13.93±9.40) in the experimental group compared with SSE in the control group. However, no significant effects were observed for scapular symmetric alignment including the angles of inferior scapular distance (p=.829) and inferior scapular height difference (p=.735), pain (p=.113), muscle power including shoulder flexion (p=.723) and abduction (p=.897) and range of motion including shoulder flexion (p=.853) and abduction (p=.472). Conclusion: These findings suggest that GSE may be more effective in increasing the shoulder stability than the SSE in patients with nonspecific shoulder pain, probably through a centralization effect on the shoulder mechanism.

Homogeneous liquid crystal (LC) alignment on hafnium strontium oxide (HfSrO) films prepared by sol-gel process via ion-beam (IB) bombardment was investigated. Uniform LC alignment was achieved on the IB-irradiated HfSrO films at IB intensity of 1.8 keV. We confirmed the effect of surface morphology on LC alignment using field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). In addition, we observed electro-optical characteristics of the twisted-nematic (TN)-LC cells based on HfSrO films to verify the possibility of LC display (LCD) application.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of cervical alignment, pain, and physique to apply proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation( PNF) techniques in patients with forward head posture (FHP). The subjects of this study were 24 patients diagnosed with FHP. They were randomly divided into two groups: a PNF group(n=12) and a control group(n=12). The intervention was performed a total of 24 times, 30 min a day, six times a week for four weeks. Data on cervical alignment(forward head displacement, FHD), pain(visual analog scale, VAS), and physique(height, weight, and body mass index) were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the groups and time. For FHD, the VAS, and physique(height and BMI), there was an interaction effect for the groups and time(p<.001, BMI: p<.05) and main effects for time(p<.001, BMI: p<.05). For weight, there were main effects of time(p<.01). For FHD(p<.01) and the VAS(p<.05), there were main effects for the groups. In the PNF group, there were significant improvements in FHD, VAS, and physique. In the control group, there was a significant increase in FHD. The results of this study indicated that PNF intervention using scapular and upper extremity patterns effective in FHP positively. The use of a therapeutic intervention on physique changes may also be effective in improving poor posture and help to better patients’ quality of life.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recovers the alignment of the knee joint, but fails to automatically restore the alignment and function of the hip and ankle joints. It may affect the alignment and stability of the knee joint, therefore therapeutic intervention in hip and ankle joint is necessary for the rehabilitation process after TKA. Objects: The aim of this study was to comparison of the effects of the two exercise methods on the coronal plane alignment after TKA. This study conducted an experiment by dividing subjects into a lower extremity isometric co-contraction group (LEIC) and a quadriceps isolated isometric contraction (QIIC) group. Methods: A total of 37 subjects were randomly assigned to the LEIC (n1=19) or the QIIC (n2=18). Exercise was applied to five times per week for three weeks, starting on the eighth day after surgery. Range of motion exercises were performed as a common intervention and then each group performed quadriceps isometric contraction exercises with 10 sets of 5 repetitions. Radiological imaging was performed prior to surgery, one month and six months after surgery. In addition, the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and tibiotalar angle (TTA) were measured. Results: The HKA was close to neutral in the LEIC rather than the QIIC (p<.05). The LEIC showed varus and the QIIC exhibited valgus TTA (p<.05). In a comparison of HKA and TTA over time, there was no significant change in either group (p>.05). According to the comparison of the TTA before surgery, the LEIC showed significant changes in the varus direction (p<.05), while there was no significant change in the QIIC (p>.05). Conclusion: The LEIC method triggered changes in the TTA and brought the HKA close to the neutral. Thus, LEIC is more effective than QIIC in creating stability in the coronal plane alignment of the knee and ankle joints after TKA.

New communication challenges for companies that use social media are: 1) the knowledge and control of the degree of alignment between communicated and perceived brand personality in order to measure the effectiveness of competitive positioning, and 2) the measurement of engagement among consumers who share comments about brands in online communities. Our research proposes research tools that can help fashion companies meet these challenges. In particular, we present an innovative methodological approach that combines netnography and text-mining to extract and analyze data from online communities of fashion brands.

Nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment effects on SiOF layers via ion-beam(IB) irradiation for four types of incident energy were successfully studied. The effect of fluorine addition on silicon oxide film properties as a function of SiOF₄/O₂gas flow ration was investigated. The SiOF thin film exhibits good chemical and the thermal stability of the SiOF thin film were sustained as function of the NLC alignment until 200℃. Also, the response-time characteristics of aligned LCD based on SiOF film were studied.

This study was conducted to identify how a flexi-bar exercise influences body alignment and balance in adults who have asymmetry in their right or left body. In total, 20 participants were separated into the experimental group and the comparison group. Those in the experimental group participated in a flexi-bar exercise for 6 weeks and based on the coronal plane before and after exercise, their body alignment and balance were measured behind the body. The result was those who had participated in a flexi-bar exercise significantly improved their angle of acromion on both sides, the difference in the angle and height of the posterior superior iliac spine on both sides(p<.05), and the balance of the center sagittal plane(p<.05). Through this study, it could be said that participating in a flexi-bar exercise would improve postural alignment and balance of the shoulder and pelvis in adults with asymmetric posture.

This sudy on the evaluation of steering knuckle effect on wheela alignment for passenger automotive. In generally, wheel alignment of vehicle influences on steering knuckle of shapes, sizes, working clearances, etc. The wheel alignment values in vehicle suspension system are very important factors because vehivcle riding quality handling performance are related to these factors. This study on camber angle according to lateral force of two models.

본 논문에서는 헤테로 애피택시(heteroepitaxy) 박막의 표면확산계수를 국부적으로 제어하여 표면에서 형성되는 나노구조물이 정렬되는 과정을 수치해석적으로 연구하였다. 격자 불일치 물질계(lattice-mismatched materials system)의 탄성변형에너지와 표면자유에너지, 그리고 습윤에너지를 고려하여 박막의 변형거동에 대한 지배방정식을 도출하였으며, 확산계수의 활성화 조건이 성장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 해석결과는 주기함수 형식으로 표면확산계수를 제어하면 표면구조물이 배열형태로 정렬됨을 나타내며, 이는 노광 및 식각 과정을 거쳐야 하는 포토리소그래피(photolithography)로부터 탈피한 바텀업(bottom-up) 방식의 공정방법에 규칙성을 부여하여 차세대 나노기기의 개발에 일조할 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES: Safety consciousness can be the first factor to hinder the acceptance of design alternative, which moderates the applied design criteria in order to adapt the road to the natural terrain condition. METHODS : The method which enables to check the safety of design alternative by using design consistency concept is suggested. The method is based on the linked or interactive analysis between terrain and road alignment. Real design example is considered as a guide how to apply the method and the analysis result is discussed with the future research. RESULTS: Suggested method can be used for designers as a tool to review their design outputs can be safe as much as the original design. So, designers have the more objective judgement on their designs and have the confidence on their designs. CONCLUSIONS : The method is expected to be used as a tool to see the safety consciousness in an objective view, so any possible conflicts between designers and design-related personnels caused by the terrain-oriented design can be solved.

This study is research on the thermal emissivity depending on the alignment degrees of graphite flakes. Samples were manufactured by a slurry of natural graphite flakes with organic binder and subsequent dip-coating on an aluminum substrate. The alignment degrees were controlled by applying magnetic field strength (0, 1, and 3 kG) to the coated samples. The alignment degree of the sample was measured by XRD. The thermal emissivity was measured by an infrared thermal image camera at 100˚C. The alignment degrees were 0.04, 0.11, and 0.17 and the applied magnetic field strengths were 0, 1, and 3 kG, respectively. The thermal emissivities were 0.829, 0.837, and 0.844 and the applying magnetic field strengths were 0, 1, and 3 kG, respectively. In this study the correlation coefficient, R2, between thermal emissivity and alignment degree was 0.997. Therefore, it was concluded that the thermal emissivities are correlated with the alignment degree of the graphite flakes.

PURPOSES : The lack of details of design guideline for zig-zag shaped section approaching central bus stop leads an traffic accident proneness. So, this study analysed the geometric elements of central bus stop area in terms of vehicle dynamics and suggested design alternatives. METHODS: The study analysed a dynamic behaviour of bus moving in and out of zig-zag shaped section using Auto-Turn under scenarios. Based upon dynamic analysis, the study found out the width of overtaking lane is the most influential factor for a safe moving at zig-zag alignment. RESULTS : The width of overtaking lane at design speed of 40, 50, and 60 km/h respectively was suggested given taper ratio of 1 to 10 required for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), and the lane width is not wider than 4.0m which possibly makes two vehicles using the same lane. Also, the width of overtaking lane which mitigates the taper ratio was suggested with the same restriction about the maximum lane width. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study can be used to prepare a design guideline on zig-zag shaped alignment of central bus exclusive lanes. The more stable moving is expected by applying the design alternatives suggested, therefore the lower rate of traffic crashes at the vicinity of central bus stops.