There have been meaningful changes in column stirrup spacing by KDS 41 20 00 in 2022, which is to decrease one of the spacing limits from the minimum section dimension to half of the minimum section dimension. Decreased column stirrup spacing increases the seismic shear resistance of columns and the seismic performance of the entire building. Among the effects of the column stirrup spacing change, this study focused on deformation compatibility in the seismic design of building frame system buildings with ordinary shear walls for seismic design category D. The beams and columns in building frame systems shall satisfy moment and shear strength, or deformation capability induced by seismic design displacement for satisfaction of the deformation compatibility. The commentary of KDS 41 17 00 describes that the deformation compatibility check can be ignored if the members in moment frames are upgraded to intermediate section details. The study showed that the deformation compatibility of columns was satisfied without additional consideration if the building frame systems were designed by the decreased column spacing in KDS 41 20 00. However, beams adjacent to walls needed further consideration, such as the recommendation of commentary in the code.

본 연구는 노인여가복지시설인 경로당의 지역사회 돌봄 거점 으로서의 기반에 주목하며 경로당회장 리더십이 프로그램만족 및 역량강화에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 서울지 역 소재 경로당 이용노인을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였다. 분 석결과, 경로당회장의 리더십은 프로그램만족도에 긍정적 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경로당은 노인이 이용자이면서 운 영자가 되는 운영체계를 특성으로 하고 있어, 운영의 핵심적 위치에 있는 회장 리더십의 동기부여, 개별적 배려, 영향력 등 은 프로그램 만족도를 높이는 것으로 드러났다. 둘째, 경로당회 장 리더십은 경로당 역량강화에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 경로당회장 리더십은 지역노인들이 여가, 건강, 친 목 등을 위해 자율적으로 참여하고 협력하는 노인공동체로서 공유된 정체성과 유대감, 협력과 상호작용을 높여 경로당 역량 강화에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경로당회장 리더십이 역량강화에 미치는 영향 관계에서 프로그램만족은 부분매개 역 할을 하는 것으로 드러났다. 이는 경로당회장 리더십이 경로당 역량강화에 긍정적 영향력을 미치는데 있어서 프로그램만족이 간접적인 경로로 기여하고 있는 것으로 풀이된다. 이에 지역사 회 돌봄의 특성화된 소규모 거점으로 경로당의 기능 강화 실천 적 방안을 제안하였다.

본 연구에서는 구조물의 응답 데이터를 기반으로 고유진동수, 감쇠비 등 동특성과 풍하중 모델의 파라미터를 동시에 추정할 수 있는 스펙트럼 백색화 기반 식별 기법을 제안하고, 이를 실제 40층 고층 구조물에 적용하여 실용성과 정확도를 평가하였다. 기존 연 구에서는 본 기법을 수치 시뮬레이션 및 풍동 실험에 적용하여 그 타당성을 입증한 바 있으나, 실계측 응답 데이터를 활용한 실구조물 적용에 대해서는 검증이 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 이를 확장하여, 장기간 계측된 고층 건축물의 진동 응답을 분석하고, 각 주요 모드에 대해 백색화 처리를 수행함으로써 구조물 전달함수 및 풍하중 전달함수의 파라미터를 최적화 기반으로 동시 추정하였다. 특히 백색 잡음의 누적 파워 스펙트럼 길이를 목적함수로 설정함으로써, 기존 커브 피팅 기반 기법 대비 감쇠비 추정의 정확도와 안정성을 향상시켰다. 분석 결과는 전통적인 모달 식별 기법(예: SSI)과의 비교를 통해 제안 기법의 유효성을 입증하였으며, 풍하중 모델 파라미 터까지 포함하는 통합적 구조 해석 프레임워크로서의 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 향후 구조물의 풍응답 예측, 하중 생성 모델 구 축, 구조 건전도모니터링(SHM) 및 디지털 트윈 기반 해석 등 다양한 실무 응용에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Within the Pungnap-dong Earthen Fortress in Seoul, various archaeological remains and artifacts that constitute an ancient capital have been excavated, including residential sites from the Proto-Three Kingdoms period to the Hanseong period of Baekje, as well as public buildings, ritual facilities, large-scale waste pits, pit dwellings, roads, waterways, and earthen fortess. The reconstruction focuses on Building Site No. 44 in the Gyeongdang zone and Pit-Dwelling Site No. Ga-30 in the Mirae Village area. Based on the traces of these structures, the study reconstructs various architectural elements, including floor plans, foundation construction methods, flooring treatments, pillar arrangements and frameworks, wall construction techniques and openings, as well as roof materials and forms. Building Site No. 44 in the Gyeongdang zone exhibits features characteristic of a transition to above-ground architecture, such as a rectangular floor plan, the construction of a separate foundation, a deliberately planned pillar layout, and independently built walls. Pit-Dwelling Site No. Ga-30 in the Mirae Village area, on the other hand, was designed as a pit structure with thick load-bearing walls to create a large interior space, differing from earlier forms. In this case, materials such as wood, stone, and earth were combined, reflecting an understanding of the distinct properties of each material. The significance of this study lies in the discovery that, although both buildings share similarities with pit dwellings in terms of floor plan and certain structural aspects, they also reveal attempts to implement new wall construction techniques in order to elevate the structures above ground and to construct large-scale buildings.

식량 운송 과정에서 발생하는 온실가스는 전 세계 온실가스 배출량의 15분의 1 수준이다. 식량이 이동하는 거리를 줄여 푸드 마일리지를 절감하는 것은 도시의 지속 가능성과 회복력 을 향상시킬 수 있다. 옥상 온실은 푸드 마일리지를 감소시키 고 에너지를 절감하는 도시농업의 한 형태로 주목받고 있다. 온실과 건물 모두 실내 환경을 유지하기 위해 냉난방이 요구 된다. 건물과 온실의 통합 시스템 운영은 설비 공유로 인한 비 용 절감, 건물과 온실 간 에너지 이동으로 인한 에너지 활용이 가능하다. 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 이용해 다양한 통합 시 스템 에너지 성능 평가 연구가 수행되었지만, 실제 통합 시스 템에 대한 검증과 설계변수 분석은 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구 에서는 건물 에너지 시뮬레이션을 통해 옥상온실의 설치 유 무, 옥상의 단열 성능 및 설치 면적에 따른 에너지 절감을 평가 하고자 하였다. 현장 실험은 서울특별시 성동구 성수동의 옥 상온실에서 수행되었다. 측정한 실내 온도를 통해 건물 에너 지 시뮬레이션의 모델을 검증하였고 R2 = 0.91의 결과를 보였 다. 이후 설계변수가 에너지 부하에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 통합 시스템을 운영하는 경우, 독립적으로 운 영하는 경우보다 에너지 부하량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 통합 시스템 설치 시 에너지 부하 절감 효과가 있으며, 효율적 인 에너지 이용을 하는 도시농업이 될 수 있다고 사료된다. 건 물 옥상의 열관류율을 0.251W/m2·K에서 1.535W/m2·K로 증가시켜 단열 성능을 약화시킨 경우, 옥상온실과 건물 최상 층의 에너지 부하는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 통합 시스템 설 치 시 경계면의 열 교환이 증가하도록 설계하는 것이 에너지 부하 절감에 유리하다고 판단된다. 옥상온실 면적을 2.53배 증가시켰을 때 단위면적당 에너지 부하는 감소하는 경향을 보 였다. 온실 면적 증가로 인해 에너지 부하량은 증가하지만, 건 물과 온실의 열 교환이 증가하여 통합 시스템의 에너지 부하 절감이 가능하다고 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 통합 시스템 을 통한 에너지 부하 절감을 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으 로 판단된다. 향후 연구에서는 기후 변화에 따른 에너지, 식량 문제의 해결 대책으로 옥상온실을 활용하기 위해서 추가적인 방안이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This paper aims to quantify the retrofit effect of the Bolt Prefabricated Concrete-Filled Tube reinforcement method on non-seismic school reinforced concrete building through static cyclic loading experiments. To achieve the objective, two-story specimens including a non-retrofitted frame(NRF) and a Bolt Prefabricated Concrete-Filled Tube Reinforcement Frame(BCRF) were tested under static cyclic loading, and the lateral resistant capacities were compared in terms of maximum strength, initial stiffness, effective stiffness, and total energy dissipation. In addition, the load-displacement curves were compared to the story drift limit specified in Seismic Performance Evaluation and Retrofit Manual for School Facilities to investigate if the retrofitted frame was satisfied in target performance(life safety). Experimental results showed that BCRF successfully met the target performance, with a 200% increase in maximum strength and a 300% increase in energy dissipation capacity. Additionally, both initial stiffness and effective stiffness improved by more than 30% compared to NRF. Furthermore, BCRF exhibited an effect that delayed the occurrence of bond failure.

This study was conducted through experiments by producing an image output evacuation guide light linked with a smoke detector. To summarize the results, first, the biggest recognition distance of the door at 30% smoke concentration was found to be the image output evacuation guide light. This is because of visual impairment and fear caused by indoor smoke, and in the process of finding the light of the emergency exit, accurate recognition of the evacuation behavior was searched even at the farthest distance, and it is judged that the time required for evacuation was short. Second, the biggest recognition distance of the door at 70% smoke concentration was the image output evacuation guide light, which showed the longest recognition distance. It is judged that even in smoke with many evacuees, the door is accurately recognized while seeing the light of the image output evacuation guide light and exits safely. Third, when the smoke concentration was 100%, the smoke rose and the evacuation guide light at the top of the door was not identified as thick smoke, and the image output evacuation guide light was displayed on the bottom of the passage, indicating that the evacuee accurately recognized the door and escaped safely to the outside even from a long distance.

This study aims to model an accident that occurred at building demolition work sites in Gwangju in 2021 by using functional resonance analysis method(FRAM) and to understand a range of factors contributing to the accident based on the concepts and principles of FRAM and Safety-II. The nature of building demolition works needs to be understood from the viewpoint of socio-technical systems. Not only technical factors but also non-technical factors, including human, organizational, and political factors, and their complicated interrelationships should be considered in the modeling and analysis of accidents happening in the works. Because of the inherent complexity of a demolition works, it is unlikely to specify all of the necessary activities to be conducted in the works and their accountable actors. Additionally, unexpected situations are likely to happen and therefore some activity procedures cannot be followed in a prescribed way, which means that workers sometimes should conduct their activities in an improvisional way. Those characteristics of building demolition works indicate that a traditional accident analysis method based on a linear cause-effect relationship would be inadequate, and that more systemic approaches that can deal with the socio-technical complexities and characteristics of demolition works should be used. With this in mind, we applied FRAM to the accident happening in Gwangju in 2021 and attempted to understand the accident based on the concepts and principles of FRAM and Safety-II (e.g. a functional variablity and its propagation to another function). Lastly, we also suggested ways to enhance the safety of building demolition working sites.

역사적으로 빈곤층을 대상으로 한 반빈곤 정책은 전통적인 빈민 구호 방식에서 인적 자본 형성과 경제 참여를 촉진하는 사회투자 전략으로 전 환되어 왔다. 미국의 개인발달계좌 (Individual Development Accounts, IDAs) 의 경우, 저소득층이 발달적 목표를 위한 자산을 축적하도록 장려 하고, 이를 통해 지속 가능한 경제적 안정을 달성하도록 설계된 대표적 인 자산형성 프로그램이다. 한국에서도 2010년부터 저소득층을 위한 자 산형성지원사업을 도입하였으나 프로그램의 주된 목표는 탈수급을 유도 하는 것이어서, 사회투자 전략에 기반한 장기적인 발달 목표를 지원하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 빈곤층을 위한 자산형성 개념을 재 조명하고, 한국의 자산형성프로그램에 대한 시사점을 찾아보고자, 저소득 층을 위한 개인발달계좌의 원형적 시범 사업인 아메리칸 드림 시범사업 (American Dream Demonstration, ADD) 프로젝트를 주요 사례로 분 석하였다. 이를 위해 David Gil의 정책분석 틀을 적용하였고, ADD의 주 요 쟁점, 가치 전제, 제도적 메커니즘, 주요 성과와 시사점, 상호작용을 제시하였다. 끝으로 한국의 자산형성지원사업이 ADD에 내재된 사회투자 개념을 잘 활용할 수 있도록 정책 대안을 제시하였다.

With the increasing integration of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, there is a growing demand for accessible AI-powered platforms for teachers and students. This study examines the efficacy of an online question-making platform using GPT-3.5 generated content to develop Korean students’ question-asking skills in English. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we assessed the platform’s impact on students’ question making abilities and its feasibility in classroom settings. Participants included thirty students from a 4th grade elementary school English classroom in Korea and seven elementary school teachers. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests measuring students’ question-making skills, while qualitative insights were gathered from semi-structured teacher interviews. Results indicated that the application was able to significantly improve students’ question-making abilities. Thematic analysis of interviews indicated positive perceptions of the platform’s usability and p otential f or l anguage learning. Findings m ay contribute to the growing body of research on using artificial intelligence in L2 education and offer practical insights for educators seeking to leverage advance language models in their instructions.

In order support the design support system of small and medium-sized shipbuilding companies that carry out designs using 2D CAD, this study developed a system that automatically calculates the cable length by extracting the Y-axis value expressed as text data in 2D CAD. By setting the equipment where the cable starts and ends, the essential route and the installation rate were checked so that the optimal route of the cable could be calculated. As a result, the value calculated based on the optimal route and length of the cable by extracting the data of 2D CAD through this study was the same as the value previously calculated by the actual user, and the installation rate was less than 130% so there was no problem with the on-site installation. In addition, it was confirmed that the cable length calculated through this was reduced by about 7% compared to the existing work.

Due to seismically deficient details, existing reinforced concrete structures have low lateral resistance capacities. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural element due to the green retrofit (e.g., energy equipment/device, roof garden) for CO2 reduction and vertical extension, building capacities are reduced. This paper proposes a machine-learning-based methodology for allowable ranges of axial loading ratio to reinforced concrete columns using simple structural details. The methodology consists of a two-step procedure: (1) a machine-learning-based failure detection model and (2) column damage limits proposed by previous researchers. To demonstrate this proposed method, the existing building structure built in the 1990s was selected, and the allowable range for the target structure was computed for exterior and interior columns.

In South Korea, over 400,000 Non-building Structures are inadequately managed and exposed to potential risks due to insufficient inspection systems, leading to an increase in accidents and significant losses of life and property. Therefore, it is crucial for users to conduct proactive self-inspections to identify and mitigate potential hazards. This study reclassified Non-building Structures into four main categories by analyzing their structural characteristics and associated risks through statistical analysis. Among these, retaining walls, which account for the largest proportion, were systematically analyzed to identify common damage patterns. Based on this analysis, self-inspection checklists were developed for both non-experts and experts. The proposed process involves an initial visual inspection using a simple non-expert checklist, followed by a more detailed expert-level inspection if any anomalies are detected. The reliability of this process was validated through approximately 120 validation processes.