As climate change and population growth raise the likelihood of natural disasters, it becomes crucial to comprehend and mitigate these risks in vital infrastructure systems, especially nuclear power plants (NPPs). This research addresses the necessity for evaluating multiple hazards by concentrating on slope failures triggered by earthquakes near NPPs over a timeframe extending up to a return period of 100,000 years. Utilizing a Geographical Information System (GIS) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), the research conducts a comprehensive fragility assessment to predict failure probability under varying ground-shaking conditions. According to the Newmark displacement method, factors such as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), slope angle, soil properties, and saturation ratio play significant roles in determining slope safety outcomes. The investigation aims to enhance understanding seismic event repercussions on NPP-adjacent landscapes, providing insights into long-term dynamics and associated risks. Results indicate an increase in slope vulnerability with longer return periods, with distinct instances of slope failures at specific return periods. This analysis not only highlights immediate seismic impacts but also underscores the escalating risk of slope displacement across the extended return period scales, crucial for evaluating long-term stability and associated hazards near nuclear infrastructure.

Existing reinforced concrete buildings with seismically deficient column details affect the overall behavior depending on the failure type of column. This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning-based prediction model for the column failure modes (shear, flexure-shear, and flexure failure modes). For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) models were used, considering previously collected experimental data. Using four machine learning methodologies, we developed a classification learning model that can predict the column failure modes in terms of the input variables using concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, axial load ratio, height-to-dept aspect ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio. The performance of each machine learning model was compared and verified by calculating accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and ROC. Based on the performance measurements of the classification model, the RF model represents the highest average value of the classification model performance measurements among the considered learning methods, and it can conservatively predict the shear failure mode. Thus, the RF model can rapidly predict the column failure modes with simple column details.

In this paper, as there are many cases of fires occurring due to the failure or inoperability of the thermostat of electronic products, the purpose is to test and analyze the risks and probabilities through fire cases and reproduction experiments, and suggest countermeasures. Among electronic products, water purifiers are composed of a refrigerant system with a compressor to make cold water, a heating device to make hot water, and an electric device used as an energy source. Due to the nature of the water purifier manufacturing, these devices are subject to a lot of moisture and dust. etc. exist in large quantities and use electrical energy, so there is a possibility of fire due to short circuit in the wire, electrical abnormal overheating (tracking phenomenon) in the thermostat, electronic board, starting relay, etc., and overheating of the heating device (Band Heater). there is. Therefore, in order to prevent fires from these devices, a system to remove foreign substances inside the water purifier is necessary, the use of heat-resistant (fire-resistant) wires for electrical devices is essential, and the use of non-combustible materials (semi-combustible materials) for each part is necessary to prevent fire. The risk must be eliminated through prevention and combustion expansion prevention devices.

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the post-discharge experiences of caregiving mothers of pediatric patients with intestinal failure who were receiving home TPN treatment. Methods: This was a qualitative study utilizing Colaizzi’s phenomenological research method. The eight participants were mothers of pediatric outpatients from the short-gut syndrome clinic at a tertiary hospital in Seoul who were continuing home TPN treatment through a CVC. Data were collected from January to May 2022 through individual in-depth interviews, and analyzed. Results: Analysis of 127 meaningful statements from the mothers identified 12 themes and 36 sub-themes, organized into five categories: “Mixed emotions regarding hospital discharge”, “Problems after discharge”, “Stress in everyday life”, “Support from nurses and family members”, and “Looking to the future”. Conclusion: The study results provided insights into the meaning and value of the post-discharge experiences of mothers of pediatric patients with intestinal failure. These findings will be valuable in the development of interventions to provide education and other support measures for primary caregivers of children with intestinal failure.

PURPOSES : As the number of fixed traffic enforcement equipments increase rapidly, it is necessary to improve efficient operation and management plans. The aim of this study is to evaluate the factors influencing fixed traffic enforcement equipment failure. METHODS : This study utilized binary logistic regression analysis using the database provided by the Korean Road Traffic Authority to evaluate the factors affecting the failure of fixed traffic enforcement equipment. RESULTS : As a result of the evaluation of this study, the main factors affecting failure were red-light camera, old equipment, Jeju, National expressways, and equipment with low speed limits. CONCLUSIONS : This study can be used as basic data on the improvement of operation management plas for maintenance of traffic enforcement equipment. Through this study, it will be possible to establish a step-by-step plan with high efficiency comapared to the input of required manpower.

PURPOSES : The wedge-type anchorage system requires a complex analysis of not only the tensile stress of the CFRP plate, but also the compressive stress and shear stress generated by the wedge action. The purpose of this study is to find a composite material failure theory that is suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system among various failure theories. METHODS : In this study, numerical analysis of various composite material failure theories was performed to analyze the anchorage strength and failure mode of the wedge-type anchorage system according to each failure theory, and compared with actual test results to determine the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of a wedge-type anchorage system. RESULTS : Since the Maximum Stress failure theory shows similar results to the actual test in terms of failure mode and anchorage strength, there is no significant problem in applying it to the wedge-type anchorage system. However, it is judged to be difficult to apply under property conditions where interactions between stresses are highlighted. The Tsai-Hill and Tsai-Wu failure theories are considered unsuitable for application to wedge-type anchorage systems because the wedge angle conditions at which the most advantageous anchorage strength occurs are significantly different from other theories and the fracture type cannot be predicted. The Hashin-Rotem failure theory is considered to be the most appropriate to apply as a failure theory for the wedge-shaped anchorage system because the anchorage strength was slightly lower than the actual test results, but there was no significant difference, and the failure mode was consistent with the test results. The Hashin failure theory is judged to be unsuitable for application as a failure theory for the wedge-type anchorage system because the anchorage strength and failure mode were interpreted differently from the actual test results. CONCLUSIONS : The Hashin-Rotem failure theory was presented as the composite material failure theory most suitable for analyzing the behavior of wedge-type anchorage system.

For safe and economical spent fuel management, assessing the integrity of the cladding, which is the first barrier to the escape of radioactive material, is very important. For the sake of risk assessment, it is essential to calculate the probability of failure of the spent fuel rods loaded inside the cask during the transportation or storage. However, due to the large amounts of calculations required, it is not practical to analyze every detail of the spent fuel rods and assemblies. This study presents a methodology to perform a cask-level analysis by sequentially simplifying the fuel rods and spent fuel assemblies for the calculation of fuel rod failure probability. A simplified single fuel rod model was generated by considering the material properties of a high burnup fuel rod stored in dry storage for approximately 5 years and the interfacial bonding conditions of the cladding tube. The simplified model produces the same deflection as the detailed model at the critical moment that produces a fracture plastic strain of 1%. The developed single fuel rod simplified model is assembled in a CE 16×16 configuration, and a methodology is presented in which the CE 16×16 assembly model is once again replaced by a simplified model with a cuboidal shape. Compression analyses were performed on each part of the CE 16×16 model to obtain isotropic property data, and a simplified model was created based on those data and the cross-sectional second moment values of the parts. A cask drop analysis was performed to validate the similarity of the CE 16×16 model and the simplified model by comparing important structural responses such as impact acceleration. The 20 simplified fuel assembly models and one detailed model were loaded into a cask to perform the drop analysis. For the detailed model, the impact acceleration was extracted for different loading positions and the corresponding impact load and pinch load were derived. The spring force and contact force corresponding to the pinch load were extracted by applying a Python script technique to extract the maximum value of them exerted on each fuel rod. The vulnerability of spent fuel rods to bending loads and the failure criteria were considered during the simplification process of a single fuel rod. From the extracted impact and pinch loads, the probability of failure of the spent fuel rods as a function of impact acceleration can be calculated.

본 논문에서는 유한요소해석 프로그램을 통해 파괴 거동 유형별 철근콘크리트 기둥 및 폭발 하중을 모델링하였으며, 실제 실험과 의 동적 응답을 비교하여 모델의 적합성을 입증하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 폭발 하중에 대한 부재의 동적 응답을 확인하기 위해 폭발 하중 시나리오를 설정하였으며 해당 시나리오별 폭발 하중에 대한 시간에 따른 변위 및 응력 결과를 도출하였다. 동적 응답을 통 해 폭발 하중에 대한 기둥의 성능평가(Ductility, Residual)를 수행하였으며 이를 비교 및 분석하였다.

Honeybee winter failure and mortality are a big issue in korea, especially from 2021 to 2023. Traditionally, honeybee winter failure has been estimated as Approximately 10-20%. However, for last 2 years, we had more than 35% of winter failure which impacted not only beekeeping sectors but also agriculture and the whole society as well. Primary factor was ascribed as honeybee mite resistance development to conventional acaricudes. Coinhabitance of tropilaelaps mite in honeybee complicated the mite problem. Further threat of vespa hornets especially in fall season would exerbate the wintering condition. More important is that the more frequent abnormal weather condition in fall and winter season could affected the winter bee production and maintenance of honeybee overwintering physiology. On these situation, we also observed some diseases were associated to the death of bees.

Honeybee winter failure and mortality are a big issue in korea, especially from 2021 to 2023. Traditionally, honeybee winter failure has been estimated as Approximately 10-20%. However, for last 2 years, we had more than 35% of winter failure which impacted not only beekeeping sectors but also agriculture and the whole society as well. Primary factor was ascribed as honeybee mite resistance development to conventional acaricudes. Coinhabitance of tropilaelaps mite in honeybee complicated the mite problem. Further threat of vespa hornets especially in fall season would exerbate the wintering condition. More important is that the more frequent abnormal weather condition in fall and winter season could affected the winter bee production and maintenance of honeybee overwintering physiology. On these situation, we also observed some diseases were associated to the death of bees.

최근 우리는 Hg2+에 대한 높은 선택성을 가지며 Hg2+와 결합하여 밝은 녹색 형광을 보이는 tetraphenylethylene-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)amine (TPE-BTA)의 착화합물(TPE-BTA-2Hg2+)의 구조를 밝혀내기 위해 시 간 의존적(time-dependent, TD) 밀도 함수 이론(DFT)을 이용하였다. 그러나 우리는 이 과정 속에서 Hg2+ 이온에 대한 모든 전자(all electron, AE) basis set인 x2c-TZVPPall만이 실험 스펙트럼에 가까운 흡수 및 형광 스펙트럼을 성공적으 로 재현한다는 것을 발견했다. 많이 알려져 있는 effective core potential (ECP) 기반인 LANL2DZ는 형광스펙트럼 계산 과 관련된 들뜬 상태의 구조 최적화 계산을 모두 실패했으며 또한, LANL2DZ는 첫 번째 들뜬 상태의 최적화 과정에서 너무 작은 형광 에너지를 제공했다. 이때 LANL2DZ는 리간드와 Hg2+ 사이의 거리가 증가함에 따라 빠르게 감소하는 HOMO-LUMO gap을 제공하는 반면, x2c-TZVPPall은 점진적으로 감소하는 안정적인 HOMO-LUMO gap을 보여줬다. 우리는 적어도 Hg2+ 이온을 포함하는 착화합물 시스템에서 ECP에서 발생하는 기하학적 문제들을 피하기 위해서는 모 든 전자 기본 세트를 사용하거나 새로운 ECP를 만들어야 된다고 조심스럽게 제안한다.

PURPOSES : The primary objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the factors that affect traffic incident duration in the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments of an expressway. In addition, this study derived the most suitable statistical prediction model based on various incident duration distributions. METHODS : South Korean expressway crash data for 11 years, from 2011 to 2021, were analyzed. The incident durations on the mainline, tunnel, and ramp segments were selected using the accelerated failure time model, which is a parametric survival analysis approach. RESULTS : The mainline segment showed that the incident duration increased during accidents, including guard pipe collisions, multivehicle collisions, and snowfall. In particular, collisions in a tunnel with shoulder facilities increase the incident duration, while decreasing the time in the ramp segment. CONCLUSIONS : The incident duration model for each segment type yielded the most accurate results when applying a log-logistic distribution.

Assertions in current academic research and practical discourse that promote agility reduce the importance or prominence given to organizational strategic planning. While firms today are required to become agile and thus quickly and timely respond to emerging market challenges, the strategic planning process is perceived as rigid, slow, and somehow obsolete and may contradict agility. These present practitioners with a dilemma regarding the relevance of planning in this era. This study examines the pertinence of strategy planning in this agile age and its effect on firms’ business performance. In addition, since the environment in which firms operate play a significant role in determining strategies, when maintaining strategic planning, organizations need to consider internal and external factors that may change the effect of planning on performance. Hence, the study also explores market scanning (an external condition) and fault tolerance climate (an internal condition) under which the relationship planning-performance varies. Based on a quantitative research, data from organizations, and insights from fit-as-moderation approach, a conceptual model and research hypotheses are designed and tested. Common and acceptable analysis methods were employed to test the hypotheses. Initial findings indicate that strategy planning should not be deemphasized in contemporary days since it is associated with better financial (e.g., sales growth) and nonfinancial (e.g., new customer acquirement) outcomes. Additionally, performance consequences of planning are dependent on firm external and internal conditions. While the positive planning-performance relationship is associated with higher levels of market sensing, it is negatively associated with higher levels of fault tolerance. The findings have well-timed theoretical and practical implications for the business and strategy literature. Managers considering the necessity of planning strategies should recognize its relevance and take into account contingencies examined in this research.

At a time when research on service failure and recovery is at a crossroads in terms of growth and relevance (Grégoire and Mattila 2021), this research studies an original context - the French manga market - in which the service providers behind the failure successfully decide not to be the recovery actors.

Visually superior design provides a competitive edge in the marketplace by attracting consumers and increasing the perceived value of product quality and functionality. Although the positive influences of visual product design on market performance are well documented in the literature, little is investigated on how visual design plays a role in a negative situation such as product failure. The positive halo effect of visual design on product evaluation is called ‘beauty premium’, while little is investigated on how beauty premium changes when consumers face product failure. For example, would the beauty premium continue or fire back when a product with superior design, called a ‘beauty’ in this study, has functional harm? To answer this inquiry, we focus on the following research questions 1) Would the beauty effect protect or damage consumer purchase intention and product sales after product failure, and 2) Under what conditions can beauty effects be positive or negative after product failure?

We have observed a phenomenon where the internal X capacitors of the input EMI filter experienced damage during operation. To solve the problem, we have analyzed the malfunction by identifying the characteristics and operating principles of EMI filter. Based on this analysis, we have derived improvement strategies and validated them through experiments. This paper help some people prevent the similar problem when developing the similar equipment and solve the similar problem of the similar equipment.

Integrity evaluation scheme for Spent Fuel (SF) dry storage has been developed under transportation failure modes. This method especially considered the degradation characteristics of Spent Fuel (SF) during dry storage such as radial and circumferential hydride content, hydride volume fraction, oxide thickness, etc. Hydride and zircaloy cladding are considered as material composite system, using correlation models related to material properties. Critical Strain Energy Density (CSED) is compared with Strain Energy Density (SED), to evaluate cladding integrity. CSED serves as material characteristics, while SED can be considered as boundary condition. To calculate the CSED of cladding in the lateral failure mode, circumferential hydride concentration is used. SED is calculated considering both the bending moment and axial load. On the other hand, in the longitudinal failure case, fuel rod temperature, internal pressure, hoop stress, radial hydride concentration is used to calculate CSED. And pinch force (contact) was considered to evaluate SED. Model validations were conducted by comparing hot cell SF test and existing validated evaluation results. To separately handle normal transportation conditions from hypothetical accident conditions, SED according to stress-strain analysis results was separated into elastic and plastic regions. As a result of applying this scheme for 14×14 SF, failure probability of normal condition was zero, which is the similar result with DOE and same with EPRI. Regarding accident condition, lateral case showed similar result, but longitudinal case showed different but reasonable result, which was due to the different analysis conditions. The proposed methodology which was indigenously developed through this study is named as K-method.

This study aims to present a method to evaluate the relative risk of failure due to liquefaction of domestic small to medium-sized earthfill dams with a height of less than 15 m, which has little information on geotechnical properties. Based on the results of previous researches, a series of methods and procedures for estimating the probability of dam failure due to liquefaction, which calculates the probability of liquefaction occurrence of the dam body, the amount of settlement at the dam crest according to the estimation of the residual strength of the dam after liquefaction, the overtopping depth determined from the amount of settlement at the dam crest, and the probability of failure of the dam due to overtopping was explicitly presented. To this end, representative properties essential for estimating the probability of failure due to the liquefaction of small to medium-sized earthfill dams were presented. Since it is almost impossible to directly determine these representative properties for each of the target dams because it is almost impossible to obtain geotechnical property information, they were estimated and determined from the results of field and laboratory tests conducted on existing small to medium-sized earthfill dams in previous researches. The method and procedure presented in this study were applied to 12 earthfill dams on a trial basis, and the liquefaction failure probability was calculated. The analysis of the calculation results confirmed that the representative properties were reasonable and that the overall evaluation procedure and method were effective.