PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to provide basic data to improve the service life of asphalt pavement using basalt aggregate in Jeju Island by evaluating the performance of asphalt pavement through analysis of material and structural aspects. METHODS : To evaluate the performance of Jeju Island's asphalt pavement, cracks, permanent deformation, and longitudinal roughness were analyzed for the Aejo-ro road, which has high traffic and frequent premature damage. Cores were collected from Aejo-ro sections in good condition and damaged condition, and the physical properties of each layer were compared and analyzed. In addition, plate cores were collected from two sections with severe damage and the cause of pavement damage was analyzed in detail. RESULTS : About 45% of the collected cores suffered damage such as layer separation and damage to the lower layer. The asphalt content of surface layer in the damaged section was found to be 1.1% lower on average than that in the good condition section, and the mix gradations generally satisfied the standards. The density difference between the cores of each layer was found to be quite large, and the air voids was found to be at a high level. CONCLUSIONS : Test results on the cores showed that, considering the high absorption ratio of basalt aggregate, the asphalt content was generally low, and the high air voids of the pavement was believed to have had a significant impact on damage. High air voids in asphalt pavement can be caused by poor mixture itself, poor construction management, or a combination of the two factors. Additionally, the separation of each layer is believed to be the cause of premature failure of asphalt pavement.

긴 파이프 라인 굴착 시설에 대한 광범위한 현장 평가는 예상과 달리 프레임 채널에서 생성된 진흙 흐름의 두께 변동이 평활하지 않아 펌프의 효율성에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 본 연구는 액체 저항을 줄이고 토양의 두께를 줄이는데 사용되는 전자기장(EMF)에 의하여 구조화된 프레임워크를 평가하는 데 중점을 두었다. 또한, 펌프의 효율성을 평가하기 위하여 빠른 점검이 가능한 프레임워크가 도입하였다. 300m의 절대 채널 길이와 11Kw의 펌프 강도를 사용하여 프레임 워크를 평가하기 위한 탐색적 연구를 수행하였다. 마찬가지로, 카올리나이트와 미분탄은 굴착된 진흙 흐름을 재현하기 위하여 사용하였다. EMF가 굴착토의 유속을 증대시키고 펌프의 효율성을 94.8%까지 구축함을 보인다.

In this study, a field bridge test was conducted to find the dynamic properties of cable supported bridges with resilient-friction base isolation systems (R-FBI). Various ambient vibration tests were performed to estimate dynamic properties of a test bridge using trucks in a non-transportation state before opening of the bridge and by ordinary traffic loadings about one year later after opening of the bridge. The dynamic properties found from the results of the tests were compared with an analysis model. From the result of the ambient vibration tests of the cable supported bridge with R-FBI, it was confirmed that the dynamic properties were sensitive to the stiffness of the R-FBI in the bridge, and the seismic analysis model of the test bridge using the effective stiffness of the R-FBI was insufficient for reflecting the dynamic behavior of the bridge. In the case of cable supported bridges, the seismic design must follow the “Korean Highway Bridge Design Code (Limit State Design) for Cable supported bridges.” Therefore, in order to reflect the actual behavior characteristics of the R-FBI installed on cable-supported bridges, an improved seismic design procedure should be proposed.

We used three gas sensors to monitor hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were frequently emitted from environmental facilities, such as municipal wastewater treatment, livestock manure treatment, and food waste composting facilities. Two electrochemical (EC) sensors for detecting hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and a photoionization detector (PID) sensor for detecting VOCs were characterized in this study. The performance of their linearity by concentration levels, lower detection limit (LDL), repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and response time were tested under the laboratory condition. The linearity according to concentration levels were favorable for all three sensors with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.98). The ammonia sensor showed the highest LDL (18.6 ppb) and the hydrogen sulfide and VOC sensors showed 22.3 ppb and 26.7 ppb of LDL, respectively. The reproducibility and precision were favorable for all three sensors, indicating a lower relative standard deviation (RSD) than 0.9% in the reproducibility test and 7.2% in the precision test. The response times to reach target concentration were varied from 1 to 12 minutes. The ammonia sensor needed 12 minutes of response time at 1 ppm target the NH3 concentration and the hydrogen sulfide and VOC sensors needed less than 2 minutes of response time.

PURPOSES: This study was conducted to investigate the causes of damage and to suggest proper repair methods for the sections in which a number of transverse cracks and faulting occurred in JCP (Jointed Concrete Pavement) slabs during the early-age performance period. METHODS: Field crack survey, FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) investigation, dowel bar installation condition survey, longitudinal profile survey, and in-situ core specimen inspection were conducted. . RESULTS : As a result of the analysis, it was found that there was no decline in the composite modulus of the subgrade reaction (k-value). The dowel bars were properly installed, but the LTE (Load Transfer Efficiency) of the joint and transverse cracks were analyzed to be very low. In addition, it was found that there are voids in the bottom of the slab at the joints and corners. Due to the excessive built-in curling in the early age of concrete pavement construction, upward curling displacement occurred at the joints and corners, resulting in voids at the bottom of the slab. As a result, it was found that transverse cracks occurred due to the defective joint LTE. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive built-in curling can cause early age cracks in the JCP slabs. In order to minimize the occurrence of reflection cracks after the application of the asphalt overlay in the future, concepts of alternative repair methods were proposed.

Most of aged water supply pipes have been replaced by the open cut method. However, this method has some limitations because water pipes, in many cases, are buried together with other underground facilities or are buried in the middle of high-traffic roads or in narrow alleyways where boring machines cannot be used. This research developed a pipe bursting device for small diameter pipes that enables pipe replacement without excavating the ground, by the busting of existing buried pipes followed by the traction and insertion of new pipes. As a results of examining the field applicability of the developed device, PE pipes and PVC pipes required the tractive force of 413.65～665.69 kgf and 457.43～791.35 kgf respectively, plus an additional 30 % tractive force per elbow. The proper number of bursting head was demonstrated that the connection of more than 2 heads could secure a stable bending radius of 15D. The developed device can be improved through field experiments involving various pipe types and pipe diameters, as well as presence/absence of elbow, so as to be utilized regardless of diverse variables according to the conditions of the soils surrounding existing pipes.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to develop an urgent road-repair system and perform a field applicability test, as well as discover the optimum mix design for machine applications compared to the optimum mix design for lab applications. METHODS: According to reviews of the patent and developed equipment, self-propelled and mix-in-place equipment types are suitable for urgent pavement repair, e.g., potholes and cracks. The machine-application mix design was revised based on the optimum lab-test mix design, and the field application of a spray-injection system was performed on the job site. The mixture from the machine application and lab application was subjected to a wet-track abrasion test and a wheel-tracking test to calibrate the machine application. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : This study showed that the binder content could differ for the lab application and the machine application in the same setting. Based on the wet-track abrasion test result, the binder contents of the machine application exceeded the binder contents of the lab application by 1-1.5% on the same setting value. Moreover, the maximum dynamic stability value for the machine application showed 1% lower binder contents than the maximum lab-application value. Collectively, the results of the two different tests showed that the different sizes and operating methods of the machine and lab applications could affect the mix designs. Further studies will be performed to verify the bonding strength and monitor the field application.

The present study aimed to investigate the change in the morphological and physiological characteristics within sesame plant when subjected by regulating water levels. The experiment was conducted at ground water level(GWL) 0, 20, and 40 cm in a paddy field soil. The results showed that sesame growth characteristics, such as shoot length, stem thickness, leaf length, and leaf width were significantly higher in sesame at GWL 0 cm at 10 days after treatment(DAT) and 20 DAT than in those grown at a GWL of 40 cm. The shoot length and stem thickness of sesame grown at a GWL of 20 cm was significantly higher than those grown at a GWL of 40 at 10 DAT. The chlorophyll content was significantly lower in plants grown at a GWL 40 cm at 10 and 20 DAT over sesame grown in GWL of 0 and 20 cm. The stomatal conductance remained consistent in all the GWL at overall time period. Moreover, the Ca content of sesame was reduced in both GWL 40 cm and 20 cm at 10 DAT and 20 DAT as compared to GWL 0 cm. The K content was increased at 10 DAT but was reduced at 20 DAT at both GWL 20 cm and GWL 40 cm over plant grown at GWL 0 cm. Likewise, the P content was decreased at 10 DAT in both GWL 20 and GWL 40 cm but was significantly increased at 20 DAT in GWL 20 cm as compared to plant at GWL 0 cm. Since the experimental soil is paddy field soil these results helps to understand the efficiency of sesame to tolerate the different stress levels of soil moisture. Therefore, these research may help to predict the appropriate level of irrigation to be provided at different time period for the sesame if it is grown in rice field as a commercial crops.

도시 열환경 개선을 위해 국내외 도로포장 분야에서 다양한 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 태양의 근적외선 반사를 통해 노면의 온도를 저감하는 반사형 차열성 포장 공법도 그 일환으로 연구와 실용화가 진행되어 왔다. 특히 일본의 도쿄도에서는 2002년 9월에 ‘살수를 필요로 하지 않는 포장노면의 온도상승을 억제하는 신기술’을 주제로 공모를 실시하여, 국토교통성 관동지방정비국 내에 ‘환경포장 동경 프로젝트’ 일환으로 차열성 포장과 보수성 포장에 대한 소규모 공개 시험시공을 추진하였다. 국내에서는 2005년 12월부터 수행된 ‘장수명 친환경 도로포장 재료 및 설계시공 기술개발’의 세부 연구과제로 ‘도심지 열섬완화를 위한 포장시스템개발’에서 주차장 부지를 배수성 포장으로 개량한 후 차열성과 투수성 포장에 대한 시험시공 및 추적조사를 실시하였다. 이러한 연구를 토대로 서울시에서는 2009년, 2010년 공용 중인 도로에 차열성 포장 시험시공을 실시하였으나 내구성이 미흡하여 6개월만에 조기파손이 발생하였다. 본 연구는 반사형 도료를 이용한 차열성 포장의 현장공용성 향상을 위해 개선된 차열성 도료를 개발하였다. 이에 대하여 내마모성 실내시험, 포장가속시험을 통한 공용성 평가시험, 주차장 진입구간 시험시공을 통한 내마모성 및 노면온도 저감 효과를 분석하였다. 차열성 포장의 현장공용성 및 노면온도 저감 효과를 평가하기 위해 기존 아스팔트 포장(장기공용으로 골재노출), 국외 우수 반사도료 개량형(A), 미끄럼방지 도료 개량형(B)을 대상으로 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 결과 도료 A, B 모두 내마모 시험(SPS-KTS 1102-1890:2005)에 따른 품질기준(50만회, 1%이하)을 충족하였다. 포장가속시험의 경우 그림 1]의 (b)에서와 같이 시공한지 15일밖에 되지 않는 아스팔트 포장에 도포한 결과 유분이 도료를 용해시켜 충분히 경화되지 않고 분리현상이 발생하였다. 반면 장기 공용한 아스팔트 포장의 경우 약 1년간 추적 조사한 결과 도료의 부착상태가 양호하였다. 따라서 차열성 포장은 신설보다는 유분이 어느 정도 없어진 3∼6개월 후에 적용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다. 온도저감 효과는 기존 아스팔트 포장과 비교하여 약 2.5∼3.5℃로 다소 적게 나타났는데, 이는 장기간 공용으로 아스팔트 바인더가 떨어져나가 표면색이 회색에 가까웠기 때문으로 판단되었다. 따라서 차열성 포장은 아스팔트 바인더가 안정적으로 유지되고 있는 신설포장일수록 상대적으로 온도저감 효과가 크게 나타나며, 노면온도를 상승시키는 근적외선을 반사함에 따라 낮 시간 포장체의 복사열 축적이 저감되어 일몰 후 도심 열섬현상을 완화하는 효과도 기대할 수 있다.

정부재정에 대한 의존도가 높은 과학기술분야 정부출연연구기관[이하 ‘출연 (연)]에 대해 국회와 언론을 중심으로 연구경쟁력과 비효율성 문제가 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 이들 외부 관계자는 출연(연) 평균연령의 증가를 비효율의 주된 원인 중 하나로 꼽는다. 평균연령 증가가 인건비 상승, 연구명맥 단절, 신진 연구자 유입 저하 및 연구경쟁력 약화 등을 야기한다는 것이다. 하지만, 출연(연) 내부에서는 평균연령 점증은 입직(入職) 연령 증가 등에 따른 자연스러운 현상이며, 연구성과에 미치는 부작용은 낮거나 오히려 그 반대라고 주장한다. 이처럼 논쟁이 극화되고 있음에도 불구하고 평균연령과 연구성과 간의 상관관 계를 실증한 기존 연구가 없다는 점은 흥미로운 사실이다.본 연구는 이와 같은 인식하에 2011년도부터 2015년도까지의 5개년도 출연(연) 연구성과 및 인력구조를 추적 조사 및 분석하고, 평균연령과 연구성과 간의 상관관계의 실증을 시도했 다. 그 결과 논문성과와 평균연령은 역U형 상관관계가 존재하고, 최적 평균연령은 44.96세라 는 점을 확인하였다. 특허성과에 있어서는 평균연령과의 상관관계를 확인할 수 없었다.

PURPOSES:In this study, field performance evaluation of crack treatment of pavement and the feasibility of surface treatment of pavement are presented. The performance and cost of preventive maintenance methods have been previously verified, and the methods are being used in many developed countries and cities. However, the performance and cost of the system have not been verified in domestic, field applications. Therefore, in order to improve performance, the field performance is evaluated, and a reasonable cost is proposed.METHODS:Visual Inspection was conducted to evaluate the field application and performance of the preventive maintenance method. In addition, the PCI index was calculated from the results of visual inspection of the application area of the surface treatment method, and the performance life of each method was predicted. For the economic evaluation, life cycle cost analysis was performed using the life cycle cost analysis program.RESULTS:In order to evaluate and quantify the field performance of crack repair material, the residue condition of the pavement surface after crack treatment, rather than the performance of the material, is evaluated. In addition, the crack resistance and performance life of surface treatment methods are evaluated. The cost of currently available treatment methods are compared to the common pavement cut and overlay method, and it is determined that the preventive method is not economical based on life cycle cost analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Because of the characteristics of cracking, it is necessary to conduct the evaluation of currently applied methods and the analysis of the cause of damage, by visual inspection. Moreover, in order to evaluate the performance and economic suitability of the currently applied surface treatment methods, it is necessary to acquire information on application sections by monitoring their long-term conditions and performance.

본 연구에서는 페이즈필드 설계법에 기반한 형상최적설계를 통해 개선된 패치안테나 금속 패치 부분의 형상 설계를 진행 하였다. 설계 목적은 패치 안테나의 목적 주파수에서의 방사 효율을 최대화 하는 것으로 설정하였고, 이에 따라 목적 함수는 반사손실을 나타내는 S-파라미터 값의 최소화로 정의하였다. 패치형상의 최적화 결과는 페이즈필드 설계법을 이용하여 도 출하였고, 최적화 결과의 회색영역을 제거하기 위해서 컷오프 방법을 적용하였다. 더불어 쿼터 정합기의 길이 변화를 통해 성능 개선 과정을 진행하였다. 이를 통해 도출해낸 최종 형상에 대한 해석 결과, 목표 주파수에서의 S-파라미터 값이 -1.14dB에서 -12.73dB로 개선됨을 확인하였다.

OBJECTIVES : Visibility at night can be improved by using retroreflection for short distances and phosphorescent line markings for long distances. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the phosphorescent line marking through a laboratory luminance test. Field performance analysis was performed through tests conducted on the road. We also examined the luminance measurement methods using the digital image obtained during the phosphorescent visibility evaluation. METHODS : In this study, the laboratory luminance test of the phosphorescent line marking was conducted using seven specimens to characterize the luminance changes according to the type of the glass beads, the thickness of the phosphorescent line marking, and the brightness and irradiation time of the light source. Phosphorescent and general line markings were made at 150 m to investigate the field luminance performance. A preliminary review of the luminance measurement methods was made using a digital image from a digital singlelens reflex (DSLR) camera. The measured luminance ratio of the general and the phosphorescent line markings was compared with the calculated luminance ratio using luminance analysis. RESULTS: Through the laboratory luminance test, it was seen that the change in luminance, which corresponds to the brightness of the light source, appears large but the influence of the thickness and irradiation time is low. The field performance test of the phosphorescent line marking conducted on the road involved measuring the luminance on the day the marking was made and 7 days after the marking was made. The luminance was found to be 190 mcd/m2 at 30 min after sunset and approximately 10-12 mcd/m2 4h after sunset. The results of the luminance test were captured using a digital image for each time group. The luminance ratio of the phosphorescent line marking, when compared to that of the general line marking, showed a similar trend within a 13% maximum error. Additionally, when this luminance ratio is compared to the direct field measurement, it could be confirmed that the luminance ratio, as captured in the digital image, showed a similar tendency. CONCLUSIONS : 1) The change in luminance corresponding to the brightness of the light source is significant in comparison with that corresponding to the thickness and the irradiation time. In addition, the results of the field test for the phosphorescent line marking satisfied the phosphorescent fire protection standard. 2) We examined the validity of the luminance measurement method using a digital image and we concluded that the change in the luminance ratio shows a similar tendency in both the cases. The results can form the basis for luminance measurement methodology for the construction and maintenance of phosphorescent line markings.

본 연구는 교육현장에서의 변혁적 리더십이 교사의 일터영성(workplace spirituality)과 교사가 업무 및 학교생활을 통해 얻어지는 만족도와 학교조직과 학생 및 수업에 대한 애착의 정도를 나타내는 교사헌신 간에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증분석을 통하여 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 전국의 초·중·고등학 교에 근무하는 교사들을 대상으로 설문지 409부를 회수하여 확인적 요인분석과 구조모형방정식을 이용하 여 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 학교장의 변혁적 리더십은 일터영성에 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일터영성은 소명의식을 제외하고는 교사만족 교사헌신에 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일터영성은 학교장의 변혁적 리더십과 학생수업 헌신 간에는 완전매개 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 학교장의 변혁적 리더십과 교사만족 및 조직헌신 간에는 부분 매개 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 일터영성이 학교조직성과에 중요한 변인임을 실증분석을 통하여 확인하였으며, 학교장은 교 사의 일터영성을 고양시키기 위하여 변혁적 리더십을 발휘하여 조직의 성과를 높여야 한다는 시사점을 제공하는데 의의가 있다.