본 연구는 경상북도(경북; 안동시, 청송군, 영주시, 의성군), 경상남도(경남; 밀양시), 전북도(전북; 장수군), 경기도(경기; 파주시), 강원도(강원; 정선군) 등 한국의 8개 주요 사과 생산지에서 기후변화가 ‘후지' 사과의 수확시기와 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 사과 과수원은 경북지역은 위도 36도, 경남과 전북지역은 35도, 경기와 강원지역은 37도에 위치하였다. 그리고 사과의 착색기인 10월 최저 기온은 청송 5℃, 장수 6.4℃, 정선 5.7℃로 전반적으로 낮았으며, 지리적 차이와 관계없이 과실의 수확시기에는 약 10일 정도의 차이가 있었다. 수확시 과실의 경도는 경북과 경남지역 과실은 56.6-64.1 N으로 다소 낮았던 반면, 전북, 경기, 강원지역은 67.8-72.2 N으로 높게 나타났다. 한편, 지역 간 산 함량 및 내생 에틸렌 발생량은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 과피의 적색도 또한 청송 25.8, 정선 27.5, 파주 26.2로 비교적 낮은 수준을 보여 재배지 간 뚜렷한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 8개 지역의 과실을 수확후 180일간 저온저장하였을 때 안동, 밀양, 파주지역의 과실 경도는 59.4-64.5 N으로 높게 유지되었고, IEC는 87.0-112.5 μL·L-1으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 산 함량은 저장기간이 길어지면서 감소하였고, 가용성 고형물 함량은 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 RCP 4.5와 8.5 시나리오에서 기온 상승에 대한 우려에도 불구하고, 현재까지 한국 사과재배 지역에서 ‘후지’ 사과의 과실품질에는 유의미한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다.

As a result of analyzing bioactive compounds according to the maturity stage of strawberry fruits, there was no difference in callistephine content according to the extraction solvent and tended to increase as the maturity stage progressed. There was a difference in accumulation patterns between cultivars with different fruit colors, but the callistephin content of the red strawberry, Seolhyang, was high, while the pink strawberry, Manyeonsel, tended to be low. The extraction efficiency of cyanidine-3-glucoide was higher when water was used as the extraction solvent than ethanol, which was the highest in the green stages in both cultivars and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The (+)-catechin content according to the maturity stage showed the highest content in the green stages overall, and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The extraction efficiency of (+)-catechin was good in ethanol, and the (+)-catechin content according to the maturity stage was generally high in the green stages and tended to decrease as the maturity stage progressed. The catechin content in green stages of Manyeonsel was 205.3 mg per 100 g of dry weight, which was very high compared to 115.6 mg in the Seolhyang. The extraction efficiency of epi-catechin was better in water than in ethanol, and the content of epi-catechin tended to be higher in Seolhyang than in Manyeonsel. When extracted with water, the epi-catechin content of Seolhyang increased 16.0-fold from 15.7 mg per 100g dry weight in green stages to 250.3 mg in mature stages, and 3.1-fold from 50.1 mg to 154.2 mg in Manyeonsel. The content of quercetin-3-glucoside tended to be higher when ethanol was used as an extraction solvent than water, and it was 12.2 and 15.7 mg per 100 g of dry weight in Seolhyang and Manyeonsel, respectively, in the highest-content green stages. Quercetin had a higher extraction efficiency from ethanol than water, which tended to be slightly higher, at 2.5 mg in the mature stages of Seolhyang, while at 3.2 mg in Manyeonsel. The extraction efficiency of chlorogenic acid was higher in water than in ethanol, and the content was highest in the green stages and tended to decrease as maturation progressed. When extracted with water, the content in the green stages of Seolhyang and Manyeonsel decreased by 45.3 and 33.9%, from 14.8 and 18.9 mg, respectively, to 8.1 and 12.5 mg during the mature stages, respectively. The content of ellagic acid tended to be higher when water was used as an extraction solvent than ethanol, but there was no difference in content according to maturity stages in the two cultivars. The cinchonine was more efficient in extraction from water than ethanol and tended to increase as the maturation stage progressed in both varieties, the highest at 148.6 mg per 100 g of dry weight in the mature stages of the Manyeonsel.

The cosmetics industry expects low irritation and skin improvement effects by utilizing natural ingredients and botanical extracts. In particular, Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract is a traditionally recognized ingredient with proven pharmacological efficacy and contains various bioactive compounds. According to previous studies, Poncirus trifoliata fruit has been reported to possess antioxidant, whitening, and skin-improving effects. In this study, the antioxidant and whitening efficacy of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was evaluated according to different extraction solvents, and the formulation stability of a cleanser containing this extract was analyzed. The antioxidant activity of Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract was confirmed by measuring DPPH and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, while its whitening efficacy was assessed through tyrosinase inhibition activity. Additionally, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content was measured, confirming its strong antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract may contribute to anti-aging and skin-whitening effects. To evaluate the stability of a cleansing formulation containing Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract, pH and viscosity changes were measured over 28 days under temperature conditions of 5°C, 25°C, and 45°C. The results indicated a decline in stability over long-term storage. Therefore, further studies are required to optimize the extract concentration and improve the formulation for enhanced long-term stability. This study suggests that Poncirus trifoliata fruit extract has potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient for skin whitening and anti-aging and can serve as fundamental data for future research on stability enhancement.

본 연구에서 사용된 국내산과 중국산 댕댕이나무 열매 는 평균 길이가 약 2.2 cm이고, 자흑색의 타원형으로 육안 상 국내산과 중국산 댕댕이나무 열매는 비슷한 외형을 보 인다. 국내산과 중국산 댕댕이나무 열매를 기능성 식품소 재로 활용하기 위하여 polyphenol, amino acid 및 fatty acid 를 분석하고, 항염증 활성을 측정하여 원산지에 따른 차 이를 비교하였다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 국내산 열수 추 출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 8.58±0.11 mg QE/g 과 11.83±0.25 mg QE/g의 결과를 보였고, 중국산 열수 추 출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 3.49±0.09 mg QE/g 과 4.46±0.10 mg QE/g의 결과를 보여 국내산이 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출보다 2배 이상 높았다. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid 및 rutin을 분석한 결과, chlorogenic acid 함량이 국내산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄 올 추출물에서 각각 1.51±0.02 mg/g과 1.94±0.03 mg/g으 로 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 0.23±0.00 mg/g과 0.25±0.01 mg/g을 보인 결과보다 7배 이상 높았으며, caffeic acid와 rutin은 모든 추출물에서 미 량 또는 낮은 함량을 보였다. 아미노산 분석결과, 국내산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 17종의 아미노산 이 확인되었고, 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출 물에서 cystine을 제외한 16종의 아미노산이 확인되었으며, 주요 아미노산은 glutamic acid로 확인되었다. 총 아미노 산 함량은 국내산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물, 중 국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 2.02±0.03 g/100 g과 0.81±0.03 g/100 g, 0.15±0.01 g/100 g 과 0.05±0.00 g/100 g의 결과를 보였다. 지방산 분석결과, 국내산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물 및 중국산 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 caprylic acid (C8:0)를 제외한 13종 지 방산이 확인되었고, 중국산 열수 추출물에서 caprylic acid (C8:0)와 lignoceric acid (C24:0)를 제외한 12종 지방산이 확인되었으며, 모든 추출물에서 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid (C16:0)로 확인되었다. 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 국내산 및 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 52.02±2.00- 84.17±3.51%로 대부분을 차지하였고, 총 지방산 함량은 국 내산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물, 중국산 열수 추출 물과 30% 에탄올 추출물에서 각각 0.49±0.06 mg/g과 1.12±0.03 mg/g, 0.45±0.03 mg/g과 0.76±0.02 mg/g을 보였 으며, 모든 추출물에서 지방산 함유량이 대체로 낮은 결과를 보였다. 세포독성 측정결과, 국내산 및 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물은 500-2,000 μg/mL 농도에 서 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 대한 독성이 나타내지 않았다. NO 생성억제 활성은 국내산 및 중국산 열수 추출물과 30% 에탄올 추출물의 농도에 따라 유의적으로 NO의 생 성량을 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었고, cytokine 생성억제 활성 또한 TNF-α와 IL-6의 생성량이 유의적인 감소를 보 여 항염증 활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연 구결과를 통하여 댕댕이나무 열매를 활용한 기능성 식품 소재 연구에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L,. var. cerasiforme Mill.) is small fruits with a bright red color resembling a cherry and having an excellent taste, sweet and juicy ambience. So far, no cherry tomato variety was registered in Ethiopia. Consequently, six genotypes were imported from National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Sciences (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) Republic of Korea, and field experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications at six Ethiopian testing sites, with irrigation, during off-seasons of 2021 and 2022 to identify high yielding, well adapted and good quality varieties. The overall analysis of variance across locations and years showed non-significant difference among the genotypes for marketable and total yields. But separate analysis for each site has revealed significant differences among genotypes at Melkassa, Koka, Adami- Tulu and Fogera, unlike that of Kulumsa and Woramit. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among these genotypes for fruit numbers per plant, average fruit weight, fruits per cluster, plant height, skin thickness, juice volume and total soluble solid. Wonhong No.3 gave higher marketable (24.49 t/ha) and total (26.19 t/ha) yields, and generally Wonhong Nos.3 and 5 had higher yields and good qualities across these tested locations and years. Hence, Wonhong No.3 (designated as Jorgie-1) was registered for its higher yield, non-cracking, good TSS and color, while Wonhong No.5 (renamed as Jorgie-2) was preferred for its smaller fruit size, reasonable yield and quality (TSS, color, non-cracking). Hence, both varieties were officially registered in 2023 season for commercial production in different agro-ecologies of Ethiopia, and they are believed to add more economic and nutritional values for the tomato producers and the consumers. They can also support the intensification of tomato cultivation in peri-urban and urban agriculture, where demands and thus government focus are increasingly growing.

국내 유통 중인 과·채류음료 64건을 대상으로 비타민 C, 폴리페놀, 무기질 함량에 대해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 비 타민 C는 1.851-251.108 mg/100 mL의 범위를 나타냈고, 비 가열 처리 사과주스에서 평균 함량 89.646 mg/100 mL로 가장 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀은 260.767-1895.095 mg GAE/L의 범위를 나타냈으며 비가열 처리 사과주스에서 평균 함량이 1042.311 mg GAE/L로 가장 높게 나타났다. 무기질의 경우에는 100 mL 당 평균 함량이 가열 처리 오 렌지주스에서 셀레늄, 구리가 각각 0.101 μg, 22.875 μg으 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 비가열 처리 딸기주스에서 마그 네슘, 인, 철의 평균 함량이 각각 4.281 mg/100 mL, 16.085 mg/100 mL, 0.400 mg/100 mL으로 가장 높게 나타 났으며, 가열 처리 딸기주스에서 아연의 평균함량이 149.344 μg/100 mL으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 성인남성기준 일일권장섭취량과 비교해보았을 때, 200 mL의 주스 한 컵 을 마실 경우, 비타민 C는 하루 권장섭취량의 최대 5배 섭 취가 가능했고, 무기질 중 철은 50% 이상 충족이 가능했다.

This study was conducted to confirm whether domestic fruit tree pruning residues can replace sawdust, which is the main ingredient of mushroom medium. The five types of fruit tree pruning residues collected were from apples, pears, peaches, grapes, and citrus. The basic components of these residues were analyzed. The pH ranged from 5.2 to 7.0, the Total carbon(T-C) ranged from 46.0% to 47.2%, the Total nitrogen(T-N) ranged from 0.5% to 0.9%, and the moisture content ranged from 12.4% to 14.2%, which was identified as an appropriate range for growing mushrooms. In order to confirm the possibility of mycelial growth of oyster mushroom "Suhan", column tests were conducted based on the conventional medium(poplar sawdust 49.5: cotton seed hull 27.3: beet pulp 12.7: cotton seed meal 10.5, v/v). As a result of incubation at 25°C for 28 days, grape branches showed the fastest growth at 143 mm compared to the control, which showed 135 mm. The yield per bottle was comparable, with grape branches(134g/bottle) and control(139g/bottle). Additionally, the quality of the fruiting bodies was comparable across all Processed lots. It means grape branches can be used as alternative sawdust materal. In the future, it is expected that using by-products as substitutes for carbon sources and main ingredients will help reduce farm production costs and protect the environment.

본 연구는 경상북도 안동시 북후면에 위치한 사과원에서 채집한 복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta)의 새로운 알 기생봉을 형태 및 분자적 방 법으로 동정하여 보고한다. 기생봉의 촉각 및 날개 구조를 통해 명충알벌(Trichogramma chilonis)과 가장 유사하였으며, 이는 cytochrome oxidase I 염기서열 분석을 통해 뒷받침되었다.

This study compared the climatic conditions and fruit quality of the ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin. This variety is expanding to inland areas due to climate change and global warming. The main producing area of ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin is Jeju Island. In the inland areas where ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin is grown, the average temperature is 12.9-13.9℃, which is 3-4℃ lower than the temperature in Seogwipo (16.9℃) on Jeju Island. In these inland areas, there are frequent critical minimum temperatures (below –3℃) in January or February, making the open field temperatures unsuitable for growing ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarins. However, farmers in these areas have managed to mitigate this risk by maintaining an average temperature of 18.3℃ inside plastic houses, which are actively heated from December to March. The earliest full bloom of ‘Shiranuhi’ was recorded in Jindo, Jeollanam-do on April 10. The earliest harvest date was observed in Seogwipo, Jeju on January 9, which indicates the shortest maturity period of 272 days. The cumulative temperature inside the greenhouse was highest in Wanju, Jeollabuk-do at 5,755℃. Buan, Jeollabuk-do (5,517℃) and Seogwipo, Jeju (5,518℃) had nearly identical temperatures. Significant differences in fruit quality were observed between the inland areas and Jeju Island. These differences were observed in fruit length, summit length, firmness, and the CIE b* value of the peel. The climate differences seem to have a greater influence on the factors that determine the fruit shape among the fruit quality characteristics. The yield per tree was higher in Seogwipo, Jeju (38.3kg) compared to the inland areas (30 to 34kg). Inland areas predominantly featured medium to small fruits (251-300g), while Jeju Island had a higher proportion of larger fruits (over 350g).

The oyster mushrooms have known to be a major product in Gyeonggi-do, with production accounting for 69% of the entire country. The ‘Daeseon’ cultivar, which has white and straight stem, was developed. This cultivar was developed by mating monokaryons isolated from the ‘Heuktari’ and ‘Hwaseong-2ho’ varieties. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was 26~32oC on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruit body of ‘Daeseon’ was 16~20oC on sawdust media. It took 35 days to complete spawn running, 3 days for finish primordia formation, and 4 days for finish fruit body growth in the bottle culture. It has shallow funnel-shaped pileus and a white straight stipe. The yield per bottle was 201 g/1,100 ml and was 16% higher than that of control cultivar ‘Suhan-1ho’. Based on above results, we expect this cultivar to be suitable for small packaging.

This study was conducted to present primary data for the development of functional beverages by measuring quality characteristics and antioxidant properties and preparing coffee with dried fruit powder. The pH, water content, and brownness were higher in the control group than in the fruit-added sample group. Total polyphenols were highest in the Prunus Fruit Coffee (PFC) at 2765.43±87.03 mg GAE/L. In terms of DPPH, the fruit addition group (consisting of dried apple, dried cherry, and dried plum) was higher than the control group, and the LFC was the highest at 70.04±2.01%. ABTS showed high antioxidant properties in all sample groups, and LFC showed the highest content at 83.01±1.06%. Caffeine was the highest in the control group, all sample groups showed lower content than the control group, and AFC showed the lowest content at 664.70±16.36. As a result, the fruit-added coffee groups are higher than the control groups in terms of quality characteristics and antioxidant properties, and it is considered that the fruit groups are suitable as functional food materials when developing coffee products.