최근 해사산업 분야에서는 4차 산업혁명의 대명사로서 자율운항선박 관련 자율운항기술 및 원격운항기술 등의 개발이 활발히 진행되어 자율운항선박에 대한 본격적인 실증이 현실화되고 있다. 이러한 자율운항선박이 현실화가 된다 면 이러한 선박이 국제해사협약 체계 내에서 아무 문제없이 운항이 가능해야 할 것이며, 이를 위한 정책적, 법제적 준비가 제대로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이 를 위해 자율운항선박이 운용되기 위하여 반드시 고려되어야 하는 인적요인의 역할 변화에 대한 법제적 및 기능적 검토가 필요하다. 먼저 국제협약 및 국내법에서는 인적요인에 대한 여러 규정을 두고 있으며 선박의 해상에서의 안전을 확보하기 위하여 자격 있는 선원의 승선 및 통제를 전제로 하여 선박과 인적요인을 분리하고 있지 않다. 다만, 자율운항선박의 경 우 기국이 재량에 따라 판단하여 선원이 승선하지 않아도 안전하고 효율적으로 선박을 운항할 수 있다고 판단한다면 반드시 선원의 승선이 필요한 것은 아니 라고 볼 것이다. 특히, 선박의 안전운항을 위하여 그동안 선장 및 해기사가 수 행해 온 역할들이 누락없이 축소된 최소 선원, 원격운항자 및/또는 첨단기술로 적절히 이전된다면 그러한 시대변화를 뒷받침할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 IMO에서 논의가 되고 있는 원격운항자의 역할과 책임 과 관련하여 기존 해기사의 기능 중 원격운항자가 이어 받아 수행할 수 있는 기능을 식별하고 그러한 기능에서 요구되는 해기능력을 확인하여 제시하고자 하였으며, 향후 원격운항자의 요구능력으로 참조할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to develop the Functional golf inner-wear by preventing the injuries and enhancing the performance of the Golf swing by checking the influence of the wearing of the functional golf inner-wear considering golf characteristics on the Swing trajectory and Shot distance. Functional inner-wear effective for golf swing was manufactured using the sports taping method. Changes in driver and iron swing before and after wearing the functional golf inner-wear manufactured in this way were measured using trackman equipment. Measurement variables were limited to Club Speed, Attack Angle, Club Path, Ball Speed, Smash Factor, and Priority. Before and after wearing functional golf inner-wear, there were statistically significant differences in driver club speed, iron club speed, driver etch angle, iron club pass, driver ball speed, driver smash factor, iron smash factor, driver carry, iron carry, and right shoulder joint proprioceptive sensory ability. As a result, functional golf inner-wear is effective for ball speed, impact, and carry by increasing club speed and efficient swing. Future research will focus on the development of functional golf that can improve the swing ability in a short game that plays an important role in the golf game through various sports taping grafting technique, textile, special material, film, Research on functional golf inner-wear.

In Korea, the function of Jeong(亭), Jeongja(亭子), and Nujeong(樓亭) architecture is essentially rest. However, in China, where the name Jeong was first coined and used, Jeong was not only used as a place of rest, but also for a variety of functions depending on the time and region, such as building units for guard posts, policing, and mail delivery. But why is it that in Korea, Jeong is primarily perceived and used as place of rest? Starting from this question, this article examines the historical process of the emergence of Jeong and its changing functions, focusing on the official history of China, and then examines the perception of Jeong in Korea through its connection to the dominant function of Jeong in China during the period of Jeong's emergence in Korean literature. This will help us to fundamentally understand the differences between Jeong architecture in Korea and Jeong architecture in China, and to further clarify the historical significance of the types of Jeongja and Nujeong architecture in Korea.

The global pet market is continuously growing as the number of single-person households increases along with the preponderance of the nuclear family, so pet-related industries are steadily growing. In addition, the market related to the health of companion animals is also increasing significantly. Regarding the health of companion animals, it is reported that the incidence of adult diseases, like humans, is growing mainly due to activities in indoor environments and the lack of exercise due to the lack of time for companion animals. This paper studies the antioxidant properties of Jerusalem Artichoke extract, which can be used as a raw material for functional foods related to adult diseases in companion animals by using substances extracted from Jerusalem Artichokes grown by the first author. Samples to be tested were extracted from hot water extraction and ethanol extraction methods according to conditions. To confirm the antioxidant properties, absorbance analysis, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, polyphenol measurement, flavonoid measurement, and radical scavenging ability measurement by DPPH were performed to determine whether the raw materials applied in this paper could be used. It was confirmed that Jerusalem Artichoke extract is a suitable additive raw material for functional pet food.

By developing molds and facilities to horizontally mold the functional part of the dry-cast concrete block, We intend to develop molds and a series of facilities to horizontally mold the functional part of the dry-cast concrete block to increase production per cycle while maintaining existing production methods and major facilities. In order to do so, CAE analysis is first required to develop molds and facilities for horizontally molding the functional part of the drycast concrete block in the horizontal direction. The procedure will be carried out by reviewing the validity of boundary conditions and physical properties, 3D modeling, grid generation, construction of analysis models, model validity, analysis according to frequency changes, and analysis according to physical properties. First, through the comparison of two-point support, three-point support, and two-point and three-point support in the constraint conditions, We would like to compare it with the actual molded product in the horizontal direction. But first of all, it is considered two-point support in the constraint conditions in this paper.

Background: Hemiparesis not only affects the affected side but also exerts an impact on the unaffected side. Stroke patients endure muscular weakness attributable to hemiparesis, resulting in asymmetry of muscular strength between the paralyzed and non-paralyzed sides. Objectives: To investigate the correlation between lower limb muscle strength asymmetry and functional factors in patients with stroke. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 58 stroke patients participated in this study. After measuring the muscle strength of both lower limbs using manual muscle testing, the asymmetry was calculated. Functional factors such as berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go (TUG), 10-metre walk (10MW), and modified barthel index (MBI) were measured. Results: The BBS showed positive correlations with hip, knee, and ankle strength asymmetry (P<.05). The TUG showed negative correlations with hip, knee, and ankle strength asymmetry (P<.05). The 10MW showed negative correlations with hip, knee, and ankle strength asymmetry (P<.05). The MBI showed positive correlations only with hip strength asymmetry (P<.05). Conclusion: We were found that there is a more pronounced lower limb muscle strength asymmetry in the lower extremity of stroke patients, which is associated with BBS, TUG, and 10MW.

Background: Chronic back pain not only causes physical discomfort and decreased functionality but also affects emotional well-being, resulting in feelings of anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues. Studies have indicated that cognitive functional therapy and motor control exercises can alleviate chronic low back pain and associated psychological issues. Objectives: To investigated the effect of chronic low back pain on the cognitive functional therapy (CFT) and motor control exercises (MCE). Design: Quaxi-experimental study. Methods: Forty patients with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned and divided into 20 cognitive functional therapy group with motor control exercises group (CFTMG) and 20 patients in motor control exercises group (MCEG). After applying CFT with motor control exercises and motor control exercises for 8 weeks, changes in numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) were observed. Results: In the CFTMG, statistically significant changes were observed in NPRS, ODI, and FABQ before and after the intervention. In the MCEG, statistically significant changes were observed in VAS and ODI before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The application of CFTM and MCE in patients suffering from chronic low back pain has demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating pain, enhancing back function, and reducing kinesiophobia associated with the condition.

Abstract Purpose : This study analyzed physical properties using 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) as an additive to improve functionality of hydrogel lens such as durability. It was checked whether HDDA can be applied as a crosslinking agent in place of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Methods : Polymerization used thermal polymerization and photopolymerization methods, and HDDA was added to each polymerization method at a ratio of 1∼20%. Optical and physical characteristics of the manufactured lens were evaluated by measuring spectral transmittance, refractive index, water content, tensile strength, contact angle, and AFM. Results : Regardless of the polymerization method, the tensile strength ranged from 0.232~0.408 kgf/mm2 in thermal polymerization and from 0.146~0.429 kgf/mm2 depending on the addition ratio of HDDA. In addition, as a result of using HDDA instead of EGDMA, it was confirmed that the physical characteristics of the lens were similar to that of EGDMA, and in the case of tensile strength, HDDA was much improved. Conclusion : HDDA has been shown to be effective in improving the functionality of hydrogel lens and to improve stability and durability. In addition, it is believed that it can be used in various ways as an ophthalmic material as well as a photopolymerization crosslinking agent. Key words : Crosslinking agent, Tensile strength, 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate, Hydrogel lens

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional and functional ingredients and antioxidant activity after fermenting rice bran using Lactobacillus brevis for 24, 36, and 48 hours. The results of the analysis of the nutritional ingredients revealed that there was no significant difference in the carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat and ash content regardless of the fermentation process and fermentation time. The amount of dietary fiber was significantly different between the unfermented and fermented rice bran and was observed to be the highest after a 48-hour fermentation. The -oryzanol, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and total phenolic contents were significantly higher in the fermented rice bran compared to the unfermented rice bran (p<0.05) and the GABA and total phenolic contents increased significantly as the fermentation time increased (p<0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities used to measure antioxidant effects significantly increased as the fermentation time increased (p<0.05). From these results, it was confirmed that the antioxidant effect and functional components, namely -oryzanol, GABA, and the total phenolic content of rice bran improved with fermentation. Based on these results, fermented rice bran could be presented as a functional material for use in high value-added industries.

사회적 기업은 효율과 경쟁 중심의 자본주의 시장경제 속에서 발생하는 양극 화, 고령화 사회, 환경문제 등 다양한 사회 문제를 해결하기 위하여 등장하였 다. 특히, 세계적인 금융위기가 지속되면서 전통적인 사회적 기업인 협동조 합이 대안 모델로 주목받고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 협동조합이 자본주의 시장 경제 속에서 경쟁력을 갖춘 사회적 기업으로 지속가능할 것인가에 대해서는 다소 의문이 제기되고 있다. 그 이유는 협동조합이 사업체임과 동시에 사회 적 목적을 실현하는 단체로서의 이중성을 갖고 있으며, 주식회사와 다른 고 유한 조직적 특성이 있음에도 불구하고 이러한 특성이 제대로 반영되지 못하 고 있기 때문이라고 한다. 이에 이러한 특성을 반영하고 그 기능과 역할을 제대로 수행할 새로운 형태 의 사회적 기업을 요청하게 되었다. 따라서 본 논문은 사회적 목적과 가치를 실현하며 정부의 지원 없이도 독자적으로 지속 가능한 운영을 할 수 있는 새 로운 형태의 사회적 기업으로 미국의 L3C, 인증 B콥 기업, BC를 검토하고자 하였다. 이러한 제도는 유럽과 달리 국가 내지 정부 중심이 아닌 기업 중심으 로 기본적으로 영리추구형 사회적 기업이며, 독자적 형태의 존립 기반과 정 부의 지배를 받지 않는 자율적인 운영을 하는 기업이기 때문이다. 생각건대, 사회적 기업으로서 기능과 역할을 제대로 수행하기 위해서는 유럽식의 사회 적 기업 모델은 한계가 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 위에서 요청하는 역할과 기 능을 실질적이고 지속적으로 수행할 수 있는 미국의 새로운 형태인 사회적 기업에 대한 검토를 하고, 이를 도입할 경우 현행 법제도상 어떤 문제점을 검 토할 것인지에 대하여 살펴보았다.

This study aimed to prepare kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, containing Dendropanax morbiferus (DM) leaves and roots, and analyze its antioxidant and intracellular activities. We compared the pH change, total acidity, radical scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of kombucha fermented with black tea alone and that with added DM leaves or roots during fermentation. Using RAW 264.7, we evaluated the effects of kombucha containing different DM parts on nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammation-related cytokine content in cells. Kombucha containing ethanol extracts of DM leaves (BTK-E-DML) and roots (BTK-E-DMR) showed higher radical scavenging activity and ORAC 3 d after fermentation than that prepared from black tea alone (BTK-Ori). In an in vitro experiment using RAW 264.7, samples were treated with 8 mg/mL kombucha considering cytotoxicity; the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO content significantly reduced after BTK-E-DML and BTK-EDMR treatments compared with that after BTK-Ori treatment. Additionally, the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which were LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines, significantly decreased in cells treated with BTK-E-DML and BTK-E-DMR 15 d after fermentation compared with those treated with BTK-Ori. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that kombucha fermented with the leaves and roots of DM increases antioxidant activity and can significantly regulate inflammatory responses at the cellular level.

The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of functional compounds in perilla leaves of various genetic resources and their antioxidant activities. A comprehensive analysis of functional compounds was conducted for 90 genetic resources, focusing on total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic content (IPC), and lutein. Their antioxidant activities were then analyzed based on their radical scavenging capacity using ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The TPC content exhibited a range of 13.19 to 35.85 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, whereas the TFC content varied from 11.74 to 46.51 mg catechin equivalent/g. Total IPC was detected in a range of 6,310.98 to 40,491.82 μg/g. Lutein was detected at levels between 70.97 and 597.97 μg/g. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of perilla leaves ranged from 30.39 to 58.58 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g and from 7.74 to 46.56 mg TE/g, respectively. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that rosmarinic acid, a phenolic acid, exhibited a significantly positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that various genetic resource of perilla leaves could effectively mediate antioxidant capacity. Results of this study provide valuable information for use of perilla leaves in Korea as functional food materials.

We investigated the functional response of aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at four different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30℃). Seven host densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were used during a 24-h period. A type III functional response for A. colemani was fit separately at each constant temperature. The estimated handling times at 15, 20, 25, and 30℃ were 0.85, 0.61, 0.41 and 0.88 day, respectively. The proportion of aphids that were parasitized showed the similar characteristics curve at four different constant temperatures.

목적 : 본 연구는 고기능 인지 평가도구의 사용 빈도 및 시행방법, 평가영역, 인지 요소에 따른 분석을 시 행하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2017년도 1월부터 2022년도까지 12월까지 Web of Science(WoS), CINAHL, Pubmed, MEDLINE 데이터베이스에 게재된 문헌 중 선정기준에 적합한 논문 45편에서 추출된 9개의 평가도구의 출현 빈도수, 대상자, 평가 시행 방법, 평가영역을 분석하였다. 결과 : 가장 많이 사용되는 고기능 인지 평가도구는 Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function(BRIEF) 로 확인되었다. 평가도구 사용 대상자 분석 결과, 뇌성마비가 가장 많이 나타났다. 평가도구의 영역은 대부분 과제 수행형 평가(task performance assessment)였다. Frontal Systems Behavior Scale(FrSBe), Dysexecutive Questionnaire(DEX), Computerized Neurocognitive Battery(CNB)는 논리적 인지 요소와 함께 사회정서적 인지 요소를 평가하는 영역이 있었으며 일상생활 기반 과제 수행형 평가 (ADL-based task performance)는 Executive Function Performance Test(EFPT)뿐이었다. 평가도 구의 신뢰도 및 타당도는 모두 허용할만한 수준이었다. 결론 : 논리적 측면의 ‘Hot Executive Function(EF)’와 감정적 측면의 ‘Cold EF’를 모두 측정하는 평가 도구의 수가 적으며, 집행기능을 일상생활의 과제 수행을 기반으로 하는 평가도구의 수가 제한적임이 나 타났다. 보다 넓은 전두엽 영역을 평가하고 재활치료에 있어 중요한 일상생활에서의 독립적 기능을 가능 하게 하기 위해 이러한 점을 보완한 고기능 인지 평가도구에 대한 개발 및 연구가 필요하다.

본 연구에서는 복숭아혹진딧물의 포식 기생자인 콜레마니진디벌의 기능반응을 조사하였다. 이산화탄소 농도별(400, 600, 1000ppm) 복 숭아혹진딧물 밀도를 달리하여(2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128마리) 콜레마니진디벌 한 마리를 24시간 동안 노출시켰다. 각 이산화탄소 처리에서 콜레 마니진디벌은 제 3 유형의 기능반응을 보였다. 600 ppm (0.015 day)과 1000 ppm (0.014 day)에서 추정된 처리시간은 400 ppm에서 추정된 결 과(0.017 day)보다 짧았다. 이산화탄소 농도별 복숭아혹진딧물 기생률은 유사한 특징을 나타내었다. 가장 높은 기생률은 400, 600, 1000 ppm 에서 복숭아혹진딧물 16, 32, 32마리에 대해 0.57, 0.61, 0.70이었다. 이산화탄소 농도 증가는 콜레마니진디벌의 기능반응에서 공격율에는 영향 을 주지 않았지만 처리시간에는 영향을 주었다.

This study aimed to predict the shelf life of black soybean Sunsik to develop a functional labeling system for the product. The Arrhenius equation was used to calculate the shelf life by examining alterations in the dietary fiber and calcium levels of black soybean Sunsik stored at 25, 35, and 50°C for 0, 6, and 12 months. Dietary fiber and calcium analyses were performed according to the experimental methods specified in the Food Code of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Both black soybean Sunsik (BS) and black soybean Sunsik containing nondigestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate (BSN) exhibited an upward trend in dietary fiber content after 12 months of storage, compared to their initial levels. During storage, the phytate in Sunsik degraded, releasing cations that facilitated the formation of new cross-links between pectic acid and middle lamella, which ultimately increased dietary fiber content. Conversely, the calcium contents of both BS and BSN decreased with prolonged storage. Based on these findings, the expected shelf life of BS and BSN was calculated as 15.65 and 28.34 months, respectively.

The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities and functional contents of Korean conventional and Chinese seed gingers from the Jeollabuk-do Wanju and Chungcheongnam-do Seosan regions. Ginger samples were subjected to steaming treatments for different durations (2–8 h) at 121oC using an autoclave. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities, while functional ingredient contents were analyzed for gingerols and shogaols. The results showed that Wanju conventional seed ginger (WO-2) had the highest total polyphenol (85.24 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (98.14 RE/100 g) contents, surpassing that of the control in all steamed groups at 6 h. ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a strong correlation with total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The control groups indicated that Korean conventional seed ginger had 1.0–1.3 times higher gingerol contents compared to Chinese seed ginger. Furthermore, the content of shogaols, considered major functional ingredients, increased significantly with longer steaming durations, reaching the highest content (1,793 mg/kg) at 8 h, which was 1.0–1.8 times higher in Korean conventional seed ginger than that in Chinese seed ginger. These experiments provide valuable data supporting the excellence of Korean conventional seed ginger in the future.