In order to ensure good animal health and performance, it is essential to produce forages with high feeding value and good hygienic quality. However, huge amounts of forages consumed by ruminants are contaminated with mold prior to harvest or during stora

In order to ensure good animal health and performance, it is essential to produce forages with high feeding value and good hygienic quality. However, huge amounts of forages consumed by ruminants are contaminated with mold prior to harvest or during storage as hay, straw or silage. These mold can grow in forages only when nutrients are available, correct temperature exist, oxygen is present, and unbound water is available. Fungal 'species can be divided into two groups: field fungi and storage fungi. Field fungi invade the forages while the crop is still in the fíeld, require high moisture conditions, and are such as species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Clodosporium, Diplodia, Gibberrella and Helminthosporium. Storage fungi invade forages during storage and need less moisture than fíeld fungi. These such as species of Aspergillus and Penicillium usually do not occur any problem before harvest. Mold growth can spoil the nutritional aspects of the forages and also results in secondary metabolites that are highly toxic to animal, humans and plants. Moldy feeds are less palatable and may reduce dry matter intake. This, in turn, leads to a reduction of nutrition intake, reducing weight gains or milk production. Performance losses of 5 to 10 percent are typical with moldy feeds. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by fungi (molds) growing on crops in the field or storages. While greater than 400 mycotoxins have been chemically identified, the biological or veterinary medical impact of only several mycotoxins is known. Mycotoxins have attracted considerable attention as potential causes for poor performance and health disorders in domestic livestock. They can be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunosuppressive, estrogenic, or mutagenic. So, feeding moldy forages has adverse effects on animal health and milk consumers. AIso, this author reported that rice straw hay was contaminated mycotoxigenic fungi such as Penicillium roqueforti and Fusarium culmorum in Korea. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop an improved post harvest storage method to reduce nutrient loss and mycotoxin contamination of forages, which will have a positive impact on human health.

Recently, metal molding has become essential not only for automobile parts, but also mass production, and has greatly influenced production costs as well as the quality of products. Its surface has been treated by carburizing, nitriding and induction hardening, but these existing treatments cause considerable deformation and increase the expense of postprocessing after treatment; furthermore, these treatments cannot be easily applied to parts that requiring the hardening of only a certain section. This is because the treatment cannot heat the material homogeneously, nor can it heat all of it. Laser surface treatment was developed to overcome these disadvantages, and, when the laser beam is irradiated on the surface and laser speed is appropriate, the laser focal position is rapidly heated and the thermal energy of surface penetrates the material after irradiation, finally imbuing it with a new mechanical characteristic by the process of self-quenching. This research estimates the material characteristic after efficient and functional surface treatment using HPDL, which is more efficient than the existing CW Nd:YAG laser heat source. To estimate this, microstructural changes and hardness characteristics of three parts (the surface treatment part, heat affect zone, and parental material) are observed with the change of laser beam speed and surface temperature. Moreover, the depth of the hardened area is observed with the change of the laser beam speed and temperature.

In the case of Inmold injection, it is a device which conducts injection and painting. In order to design it is important composition of devices to accurate feed of film and process of analysis. It used program of plastic injection flow analysis in order to a flow aspect of resin. It might be used shape crystallization of products, design of mold and process of feed device. In the case of inmold injection, film supply equipment is one of important device. 2-dimensional designs and 3-dimensional modelings are performed for its manufacturing. Specially 3-dimensional modeling data is used in structural strength analysis by finite element method. These background data is avail of manufacture of film supply equipment. Finally it is performed mold injection test and we got the satisfactory result.

In this study, mold does not modify the overall. And core was developed as part of a separate. And not detached from the injection mold core part of the device only has to exchange. It has to perform the simulation of resin flow injection. Result of analysis, problems were observed. To create the change core of the four kinds of production prototypes and replace only with the exchange of change core operation of the injection. As a result, there were able to get a products with smooth surface.

Nanofabrication is an essential process throughout industry. Technologies that produce general nanofabrication, such as e-beam lithography, dip-pen lithography, DUV lithography, immersion lithography, and laser interference lithography, have drawbacks including complicated processes, low throughput, and high costs, whereas nano-transfer printing (nTP) is inexpensive, simple, and can produce patterns on non-plane substrates and multilayer structures. In general nTP, the coherency of gold-deposited stamps is strengthened by using SAM treatment on substrates, so the gold patterns are transferred from stamps to substrates. However, it is hard to apply to transfer other metallic materials, and the existing nTP process requires a complicated surface treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the nTP technology to obtain an easy and simple method for fabricating metal patterns. In this paper, asnTP process with poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) mold was proposed without any chemical treatment. At first, a PVA mold was duplicated from the master mold. Then, a Mo layer, with a thickness of 20 nm, was deposited on the PVA mold. The Mo deposited PVA mold was put on the Si wafer substrate, and nTP process progressed. After the nTP process, the PVA mold was removed using DI water, and transferred Mo nano patterns were characterized by a Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium was observed in Daegu on August, 2000. The causal fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Conidiophores one-stage branched, terminating in a whorl of 3~5 metulae. Metulae mostly 5.2~7.8㎛. Phialides were flask-shaped, 5.7~7.5×2.2~2.7㎛. Conidia were subglobose, 1.8~2.3㎛ in size. Colonies on Czapek agar were mostly attaining a diameter of 23 ㎜ within 8 days at 25 . The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 20~30℃. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host mushrooms, the fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum. This is the first report on the green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium citrinum in Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Penicillium citrinum by backfill (sand, granite soil, and smash rock). The result showed that the use of granite was 3~10% infection rate and sand was 2~10% infection of P. citrinum. However, the smash rocks showed no infection of this fungus. The chemical properties of smash rocks was pH 8.4, showing alkalinity. The sand and granite soil were pH 6.1 and pH 7.5, respectively. These did not have heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb and As.

  Single PPM Quality Innovation activity made a great contribution to strengthening the quality competitiveness and the international competitiveness for the domestic small and medium enterprises. But it doesn"t work to companies that deal with the partic

Novel polymer mold process for fabrication of microcomponents using metal nanopowders was developed and experimentally optimized. Polymer mold for forming green components was produced by using a hard master mold and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In the preparation of metallic powder premix for the green components without any defect, 90 wt.% 17-4PH statinless steel nanopowders and 10 wt.% organic binder were mixed by a ball milling process. The green components with very clear gear shape were formed by filling the powder premix into the PDMS soft mold in surrounding at about . Cold isostatic pressing (CIP) was very potent process to decrease a porosity in the sintered microcomponent. The microgear fabricated by the improved process showed a good dimension tolerance of about 1.2%.

Green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium was observed in Daegu on August, 2000. The causal fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. Conidiophores one-stage branched, terminating in a whorl of 3~5 metulae. Metulae mostly 5.2~7.8㎛. Phialides were flask-shaped, 5.7~7.5×2.2~2.7㎛. Conidia were subglobose, 1.8~2.3㎛ in size. Colonies on Czapek agar were mostly attaining a diameter of 23㎜ within 8 days at 25℃. The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was about 20~30℃. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host mushrooms, the fungus was identified as Penicillium citrinum. This is the first report on the green mold of Phellinus baumii caused by Penicillium citrinum in Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Penicillium citrinum by backfill (sand, granite soil, and smash rock). The result showed that the use of granite was 3~10% infection rate and sand was 2~10% infection of P. citrinum. However, the smash rocks showed no infection of this fungus. The chemical properties of smash rocks was pH 8.4, showing alkalinity. The sand and granite soil were pH 6.1 and pH 7.5, respectively. These did not have heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Pb and As.

The paper presents a new approach for analyzing mold growth risk in buildings, based on a mixed simulation approach with consideration of uncertainties in relevant building parameters. The approach is capable to predict and explain unexpected mold growth occurrences that would typically not show up in standard deterministic simulation. This study simulates the local environmental conditions at material surfaces in buildings by using a mix of standard simulation tools. By introducing uncertainties in relevant input parameters, this approach generates a statistical distribution of time aggregated mold growth conditions at a number of "trouble spots"in a specific building case. This distribution is then translated into an overall mold risk indicator. In addition, our method identifies those parameters whose uncertainty range has a dominant effect on an increase in mold risk. By thus identifying the critical influence of building components, building operation and maintenance factors on the increase in risk, appropriate actions during the building design and procurement process can be set up to address these risks.

본 연구에서는 상황버섯 (P. baumii)의 자실체에 발생하는 Penicillium sp.균을 동정하기 위하여, 분리균의 배양적·형태적 특징을 조사하였다. 분리된 Penicillium sp.의 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과, 분생포자의 모양은 타원형이고 직경이 1.8∼2.3 ㎛ 크기로 분생포자를 많이 형성하였다. 분생포자경은 균사로부터 one-stage branch 모양을 형성하였고, matulae는 3∼5개로 길이가 5.2∼7.8 ㎛이며, phialide는 플라스크상이고 크기가 5.7∼7.5×2.2∼2.7 ㎛이였다. Czapek's agar 배지에서 생육시 25℃에서 8일간 균체가 23 ㎜ 생장하였다. PDA 배지 상에서 균총의 형태는 처음에는 조밀한 솜털모양의 백색을 띄었으며 차츰 기중균사가 형성되었고, 점차 회녹색으로 변하였다. 이상과 같은 형태 및 배양적 특징으로 이 균을 P. rubrum으로 동정하였다. 상황버섯 (P. baumii)에서 P. rubrum에 의한 병은 아직 국내에 보고된바 없어, P. rubrum에 의한 상황버섯 (P. baumii) 푸른곰팡이병을 최초로 보고한다.

Since 1990's, many enterprises have constructed Integration Information System. Especially, they want to become an advanced company use ERP package. Already, ERP system come to high level which is stabilized and support independent business process of many industry sectors. Therefore, important success factors for ERP project are change management and organization activation. Although most companies had previous good plans, but those are not satisfied. Because of failed to change management and discontinued next activity for promotion. This paper studied success factors of project team and plan for organization activation. Also, it proposed next study subject about investigate the role of the member of task force team as a factor that makes the ERP system a success. The results of this study can be used for a successful construction of the ERP system as a solution about internal problems of Project team.

With the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and machined to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process.

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry. With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape, with the help of computer-aided analysis for powder injection molding process was developed. Compter aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, and air vent position prediction were investigated and eventually showed good agreements with experimental results.

New powder compaction process, in which a Bingham semi-solid/fluid mold is utilized, is developed to fabricate micro parts. In the present process, a powder material is filled as slurry in a solid wax mold, dried and compressed. The wax is heated during compaction and becomes semi-solid state, which can acts as a pressurized medium for isostatic compaction. Since the compacted micro parts are very fragile, the mold's temperature is controlled to higher than its melting point during unloading, to avoid breakage of the compacts. To demonstrate effectiveness of this process, some micro compacts of alumina are shown as examples.

In recent years, demands for sintered ferrous material with higher strength are increasing. To satisfy these demands, studies and commercial use of the die wall lubrication method, the warm compaction method and the combination of both methods are widely carried out to achieve high density. The die wall lubrication warm compaction method makes it possible to achieve high density by reducing internal lubricant through die wall lubrication, although the method involves several issues such as prolonged cycle time due to lubricant spraying and difficulty in spraying lubricant in the case of compacting with complicated geometry. Meanwhile, the conventional warm compaction method requiring no die wall lubricant application cannot achieve such a high density as in the case of die wall lubrication warm compaction due to higher volume of internal lubricant. However, this report discloses our study result in which the possibility of improving density is exhibited by using a lubricant type with superior dynamic ejection property that can reduce volume of lubricant additive.