교통사고는 인적요인, 도로 기하구조, 교통류, 환경적 요인 등 복합적인 요인에 의해 발생하고 속도는 교통사고와 밀접한 연관성이 있다. 또한, 교통사고는 교통 혼잡도와 관련이 있으며 사고와 실시간 교통상황 간의 상관관계를 통해 사고 발생 개연성을 추정하고 도 로 안전성 분석이 필요하다. 모바일 센서와 통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로 스마트폰 보급률이 증가하였으며 내장된 센서를 기반으로 생성된 차량 주행 데이터 수집이 가능하다. 기술의 발달로 데이터 수집이 쉬워졌음에도 불구하고, 스마트폰을 기반으로 수집된 위험 운전 이벤트를 활용한 도로 위험도 평가에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 스마트폰 센서 기반의 위험 운전 이벤트 데이터 중 하나인 급감속 위험 운전 이벤트 데이터를 도로 위험도 평가 기법에 활용하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 급감속 위험 운전 이벤트 데이 터는 주행 차량이 3초간 속도를 40km/h 이상 감소하는 위험 이벤트가 발생할 때 시간과 위치를 기록한 자료를 의미한다. 본 연구의 범위는 대한민국 내 인구와 교통량이 많은 지역인 수도권을 대상으로 서울, 경기, 인천을 연결하는 고리 형태의 도로인 수도권제1순환 선을 대상으로 하였다. 먼저, 개별 차량 데이터는 좌표 기반의 내비게이션 데이터로 집계하여 VDS 링크 데이터와 매칭하였다. 다음으 로는 개별 차량의 위험 운전 이벤트 데이터와 차량 검지기의 교통 매개변수를 결합한 새로운 지표를 개발하였다. 또한, 시·공간적 교 통류의 특성을 반영하여 다양한 도로 위험도 평가 방법에 활용하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 위험 운전 지표와 이력 자료를 기반으로 통 계적으로 유의한 안전성능함수를 개발하였으며, 다양한 시간 단위의 집계 수준을 활용하여 도로 구간별 최적의 모형을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 스마트폰 센서를 기반으로 식별한 개별 차량의 위험과 교통류 차원의 위험을 결합하여 새로운 위험 지표를 개발하고 도로 위 험도 평가에 활용한다는 것에 의의가 있다. 결과물은 향후 스마트폰 센서 기반 개별 차량 위험 운전 이벤트 데이터와 교통 조건을 통 합하는 도로 위험도 평가의 기초자료로써 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the variability of LiDAR performance indicators, such as intensity and Number of Point Cloud(NPC), according to various environmental factors and material characteristics. METHODS : To consider the material characteristics of road safety facilities, various materials (Reference Material(RM), reflective sheet, matte sheet, granite, plastic, and rubber) were used in a darkroom, and the performance indicators of LiDAR were repeatedly measured in terms of changes in the measurement distance, rainfall, and angle of observation. RESULTS : In the case of standard reflective materials, the intensity measurement value decreased as the measurement distance and rainfall increased. The NPC showed a tendency to decrease as the measurement distance increased, regardless of rainfall intensity. For materials with high-intensity values, it was found that rainfall intensity and color had negligible effect on the change in intensity compared with the measurement distance. However, for materials with low-intensity values, it was found that the measurement distance, rainfall intensity, and color all had a significant effect on the change in intensity. CONCLUSIONS : For materials with high-intensity values, it was found that rainfall and color had negligible effect on change in intensity compared with the measurement distance. However, for materials with low-intensity values, the measurement distance, rainfall, and color all had a significant effect on the change in intensity value.

In this study, the Euro NCAP-based AEB system evaluation simulation was conducted by applying the calculated corrected TTC by road condition estimation of scenarios (CPFA, CPNC, CPLA) of the V2P situation scenario using PC-Crash, a program used for traffic accident analysis. The scenario was evaluated in consideration of the two road conditions. the low-speed conditions among every scenarios avoided collision, but in the medium and high-speed conditions has been collided with pedestrian. It was confirmed that the time point at recognizing pedestrian was lower than set TTC at which AEB system was operated, even though the AEB was operated immediately, a collision occurred due to insufficient braking distance. As in this study, if studies such as V2V, V2P, and V2B considering road friction are actively conducted, it is expected to be useful data for automobile accident prevention and accident analysis.

In this study, the AEB system evaluation simulation was conducted by applying a corrected TTC from 0s to 3s obtained by estimating the road-friction factor and slope applying two scenarios(CCRs and CCRm) that may occur in V2V situation using PC-CrashⓇ, a program used for traffic accident analysis. As a result of two scenarios : At 0.8 of road-friction factor and 0° slope which adapted default model of TTC had longer braking distance so that it crashed. At 0.2 of road-friction factor with corrected TTC slidingly crashed due to slope and braking condition. CCRs and CCRm scenario showed that the maximum slipped distance of the collision avoidance situation was 31.7m, 87.7m. And the collision speed was 35.7km/h at 50km/h and 66.1km/h at 80km/h.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the road design elements affecting the lateral driving safety under high-speed driving conditions with a speed limit of 140 km/h and to derive useful implications to design of safer roads. METHODS : A full-scale driving simulator was used to evaluate the various design scenarios. Different regression techniques and a random forest method were adopted to conduct comprehensive comparisons among the simulation scenarios. The relationships between the safety indicators, including the frequency of the lane departures and the standard deviation of the lateral acceleration, and the design elements were explored in terms of lateral driving safety. RESULTS : The length of the combined alignment was found to be a significant factor affecting the lateral driving safety based on the analysis of the frequency of lane departures. Regarding the standard deviation of the lateral acceleration, it was identified that the length of the horizontal curve, the length of the bridge, and the right-side superelevation must be considered significant factors associated with driving safety while designing the road under high-speed driving conditions. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the findings of this study, a set of recommendations for designing roads was proposed. For example, the proper length of the combined alignment and the horizontal curve should be determined to prevent crashes due to hazardous lateral driving events because the installation of sufficient superelevation in the bridge section would be limited under high-speed driving conditions. In addition, applying a larger horizontal curve radius with longitudinal grooving is a promising approach to tackle risky driving conditions.

PURPOSES : Accidents involving autonomous vehicle continue to occur. However, research on autonomous vehicle monitoring has been insufficient. The purpose of this study is to develop monitoring indicators from the perspective of vehicles and road infrastructure for the safe driving of autonomous vehicles. In addition, the purpose is to monitor autonomous vehicles and road environments using the monitoring indicators developed, as well as to analyze the characteristics of road sections where autonomous vehicles exhibit abnormalities. METHODS : Data from Pangyo Zero Shuttle, an autonomous vehicle, were used in this study. Infrastructure data installed in Pangyo Zero City were used. The data were collected from June 2019 to July 2019, during the normal driving period of the zero shuttle. The five monitoring indicators were developed by combining the vehicle operation information table collected from the V2X device of the zero shuttle and the road environment monitoring detail table collected from the infrastructure data with the road section table. In addition, an analysis of road characteristics with frequent errors is performed for each monitoring indicator. RESULTS : The three monitoring indicators from the perspective of the vehicle allowed monitoring of the sensor error, sensor communication error, and yaw rate error of the autonomous vehicle's timing and road section. In addition, the two monitoring indicators from the infrastructure perspective enabled the monitoring of events and road surface conditions on roads where autonomous vehicles drive. As a result of analyzing the road characteristics that frequently caused errors by monitoring indicators, sensor errors frequently occurred in the section waiting to enter the left-turn lane. Sensor communication errors are left-turn standby and have occurred frequently on road sections where U-turns are allowed. Finally, yaw rate error occurred frequently in sections of roads where there were no induction lines or where changes to lanes occurred frequently. CONCLUSIONS : The five monitoring indicators developed in this study allowed the monitoring of autonomous vehicles and roads. The results of this study are expected to help the safe driving of autonomous vehicles and contribute to the detection of autonomous driving abnormalities and the provision of real-time road condition information through further analysis.

기계 중심의 자동차에 전기/전자 부품의 장착이 증가함에 따라 자동차 내 전기/전자(EE) 시스템에 대한 기능 안전 설계 요구가 대두되고 있다. IEC 61508 국제 표준은 모든 종류의 산업에 적용 가능한 기본적인 기능 안전 표준으로 작성되었다. 자동차 분야에서는 ISO 26262가 특화된 기능 안전 표준으 로 적용되고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차의 기술적 복잡도 증가, 소프트웨어 내용 및 메카트로닉스 증가 추세와 함께 시스템적 고장(systematic failure)과 하드웨어의 우발 고장(random hardware failure)에 의한 리스크를 방지하기 위한 지침을 포함하고 있다. ISO 26262는 자동차 안전 수명 주기(관리, 개념, 시스템 개발, 하드웨어 개발, 소프트웨어 개발, 생산, 운용, 서비스, 폐기)를 제공하고, 각수명 주기 단계 별 필요한 안전 지침을 제공하고 있다. 최근 자율주행 차량(automatic driving) 및 전기자동차모빌 리티(e-mobility) 등에 대한 전 세계적 관심이 증가하고 이에 따른 기능 안전 설계의 중요성이 더욱 증가하는 시점에서 자동차 기능 안전에 대한 올바른 개념 이해는 자동차의 안전 설계를 넘어 자동차의 사용성 및 사용자 경험을 높이기 위한 기반을 마련하는 데 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 발표를 통해 자동차 안전 설계 개념을 이해하고, 안전 설계를 지원하고 보장하기 위한 아이디어를 제공하기를 기대한다.

국토교통부는 매년 고속도로에서 평균 3만∼4만 건에 달하는 화물적재규정 위반 등 운행제한차량에 대해 단속·적발하고 있지만 도로 낙하물 사고는 매년 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 또한, 지속적인 도로연장의 증가, 도로와 산림 및 녹지간 공간적 거리가 가까워짐에 따라 단절된 녹지를 통과하기 위해 도로로 뛰어드는 야생동물들로 인해 로드킬 발생 빈도도 매년 증가하고 있다. 도로 낙하물로 인한 교통사고는 연쇄 추돌사고 등 대형사고로 이어질 확률이 매우 높다. 따라서 도로 낙하물로부터 운전자뿐만 아니라 이를 처리하는 도로작업자들을 보호할 수 있는 예방책을 마련할 필요가 있다. 기존 도로 청소차의 경우 도로에 떨어진 부피가 큰 쓰레기 및 적재물이나 로드킬 등의 낙하물을 제거하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 로드킬, 타이어 조각, 종이박스, 나무판넬 등 부피가 있는 낙하물 까지 수거가 가능하도록 설계‧개발하였다. 국내의 경우 일부 기관에서 이미 낙하물 수거 장비를 사용하고 있지만 안전성에 대한 검증이 이루어지지 않았기 때문에, 특수 도로관리 목적으로 고속도로 등 연속류에만 제한적으로 사용되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 설계‧개발된 도로 낙하물 수거 장비는 도로 상의 로드킬을 포함한 각종 낙하물들을 신속하고 안전하게 수거할 수 있다. 국내의 경우 도로 낙하물 및 로드킬로 인한 사고는 지속적으로 증가하는 추세지만, 외국과 달리 비교적 소형 낙하물이 주류를 이루고 있기 때문에 아직까지 심각성이 대두되지 못하고 있다. 고규격 도로 및 차량 보유 대수 증가로 인해 도로 낙하물 및 로드킬로 인한 도로작업자 안전사고 및 2차 추돌사고 문제는 매우 심각해질 전망이다. 기존 청소차 및 낙하물 수거 장비의 경우 도로변의 사고잔해, 유리, 철재 등 부피가 작은 낙하물에 대해서만 수거가 가능하다. 그러나 도로 낙하물 수거 장비의 개발이 완료될 경우, 처리하기 힘든 로드킬, 타이어 조각, 종이박스, 나무판넬 등 부피가 있는 낙하물 까지 신속하게 수거가 가능하므로 도로 유지관리업무 및 교통안전 확보에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Recently, the damage caused by typhoons and strong winds frequently displayed according to world climate change tends to be increasing. In the case of soundproof / windproof wall installed on the road, frequent occurrence does function for damage due to strong wind. As a result, in this study, strong wind fragility evaluation was performed to predict the degree of damage of strong winds of soundproof / windproof walls. We were conducting research focusing on the destruction mode in which the overall destruction of the sound barrier caused by the destruction of the aluminum frame occurs. Three node bending experiments were conducting for grasping the material properties of a soundproof wall aluminum frame that is currently being constructed on a road. Based on the results of this experiment, the resistance performance of the target structure was calculated, the frame breakage was selected as the limit state, and the wind load acting on the simplified soundproof wall model was measured using the Monte Carlo model model technique to measure.From now on, through the additional study, it will be necessary to proceed with a more accurate evaluation of the safety against strong windsof the soundproof wall structure using the vulnerability evaluation execution and the setting of the limit state.This study is expected to be the basic data of the study on prediction technique of wind - induced damage of soundproofing and windshield walls in the future.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of variable message signage (VMS) on traffic safety as a function of road curve radius using statistical methods. METHODS: In order to analyze the impact of VMS installations on traffic safety, travel speed, lateral distance, and geometric data relating to road curvature in each study area was acquired and analyzed for the impact of providing VMS information on driver performance and traffic safety using statistical methods including student t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and the Anderson-Darling test for estimating traffic safety hazard zone in each lane. RESULTS: As a result of analyzing driver performance characteristics before and after providing VMS information, it was determined that by providing VMS information, mean travel speed is deceased and vehicles are driven with increased precision, following the centerline in the first and second lanes. Also the results of analyzing traffic safety impacts of VMS indicate that traffic safety performance factors in the first lane of the Gapyeong section can, on average, increase in the left and right side of the lane by 19.22% and 68.98%, respectively, and in the case of the second lane, safety impacts, on average, can increase in both sides by 100%. For the Hongcheon section, traffic safety impacts in the first lane, on average, can increase along the left and right sides of the lane by 32.31% and 47.18%, and within the second lane, traffic safety can be increased along the left and right side of the lane by 10.97% and -0.01%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the impact on traffic safety obtained by providing VMS information for road sections with smaller curve radii is greater than can be obtained for road sections with larger curve radii.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the requirements of the road traffic safety moderator robot when road repairing. The road traffic safety moderator robot is road traffic safety equipment and to conversions mechanical engineering and IT when road repairing. METHODS: The study used AHP based on the survey from road repair related expert that field engineers, design engineers, public officials and professors. The survey used paired comparison. The survey items were safety, convenience and economics. The safety is classified as visibility or efficiency, the convenience is classified as utility or mobility and the economics is classified as initial investment cost or maintenance $ management cost. The survey alternatives were the road traffic safety moderator robot, traffic regulation by human, traffic regulation by mannequin and traffic signs. The software for AHP is Expert Choice 2000. RESULTS : The results of AHP analyze, the weighted value of safety was analyzed with the highest at 0.488 of survey items. The weighted value of convenience was analyzed at 0.295, the weighted value of economics was analyzed at 0.218. The results of the road traffic safety moderator robot, the weight value of efficiency and utility were analyzed with the highest at 0.284 and 0.259 of alternatives. The weighted value of initial investment cost and maintenance & management cost were analyzed with the lowest at 0.203 and 0.211 of alternatives. The consistency test results of each items, null hypothesis is rejected because the CR values were 0.000 respectively. Therefore, the study results are consistency. CONCLUSIONS : The result of this study, overall value of the road traffic safety moderator robot came off second-best of other alternatives. The road traffic safety moderator robot has been received highest praise by the result of the study as good road traffic safety equipment when road repairing because the weighted values of efficiency and utility were analyzed with the highest of survey items. The efficiency mean securing safety and the utility mean practical assistance when road repairing. The results of this study showed that the road traffic safety moderator robot will effective for traffic safety when road repairing. economics and visibility are that supplementation of the road traffic safety moderator robot because the weighted values of economics and visibility were analyzed with the lowest of survey items. The consistency test results are consistency because the CR values were 0.000 respectively.

우리나라 화물자동차운송업에서 ‘표준운임제’의 도입과 관련한 논란이 계속되고 있는 가운데, 호주에서는 도로운송업에서의 낮은 운임이 안전하지 않은 업무관행을 야기하여 결과적으로 국민의 안전을 위협한다는 문제인식 하에 2012년 7월부터 도로안전운임제를 도입하였다. 따라서 호주의 도로안전운임제의 도입배경과 도입내용을 체계적으로 살펴보고 우리나라에서의 도입에 대한 시사점을 찾아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 도로안전운임제의 적용대상이 운송계약체결자뿐만 아니라 화주를 비롯한 공급사슬참가자까지인 점, 기준이 최저기준을 적용하고 있는 점, 직접강제방식을 적용하는 점, 체계적인 분쟁해결절차를 설정한 점, 그리고 도로안전운임위원회가 정보를 상당한 수준으로 공개하도록 하여 숙의민주주의의 시행을 추구하고 있는 점이 한국의 표준운임제와 관련이 있는 특징으로서 나타났다. 이러한 점을 토대로 본 연구는 표준운임제와 관련한 시사점으로서 화물운송시장의 안정을 위해 적정수준의 직접강제가 필요하다는 점, 화물운송운전자의 안전 확보를 위해 운임뿐만 아니라 관련 노동조건을 표준위수탁계약의 내용으로 규정할 필요가 있다는 점, 단계적 도입에 대해 법에 명시할 필요가 있다는 점, 숙의민주주의의 시행 노력이 필요하다는 점, 노동기본권 보장이 우선되어야 제도의 실효성이 있을 것 이라는 점을 제시하였다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is development of automatic equipment to measure the road water-reservoir which can be one of factors for road traffic safety inspection and its application to safety analysis. METHODS : The scopes of this study are the examination of the riskiness and location of road water-reservoir through literature review, development of appropriate sensor and automatic equipment to survey the road water-reservoir and evaluation of field application. RESULTS: The laser lighting and IR camera were selected to develop the equipment. It was found from the field calibration that there is a high correlation between rutting and road water-reservoir and road water-reservoir caused by rutting can be correctly calculated. About 20.2km of national highway were inspected for case study and field application. It was found from correlation of traffic incident that 2.08km of the latent length for water-reservoir which is related to 12 traffic incidents were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS : This technique can be utilized evaluation method for road condition such as road water-reservoir for conventional evaluation system such as road traffic safety assessment and safety analysis and it can be use to new evaluation system to apply various road condition and traffic condition.