From April to December in 2009, microbial investigation is accomplished for 100 frozen foods asked to microbial control team that corresponds with total aerobic viable bacteria, coliform group, Escherichia coli,Enterococcus spp. and antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. isolates are investigated. Average of total aerobic viable bacteria numbers is 4.3 × 10⁴CFU/g. Average of coliform group numbers is 4.3 × 10³ CFU/g. Average of Enterococcus spp. numbers is 1.8 × 10³ CFU/g. Escherichia coli from 100 frozen foods is not detected and detection rate is 0.0%. 22 Enterococcus spp. are isolated from 100 frozen foods. 12 of 22 Enterococcus spp. strains are identified as E. faecium. 7 of 22 Enterococcus spp. strains are identified as E. faecalis. 2 of 22 Enterococcus spp. strains are identified as E. gallinarum. 1 of 22 Enterococcus spp. strains is identified as E. hirae. Enterococcus spp. isolates show a high resistance to erythromycin, rifampin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, chlorampenicol, penicillin and a susceptibility to vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, strepomycin, linezolid. 15 of 22 Enterococcus spp. strains are multi-resistant and the most frequent multi-resistant pattern is erythromycin-rifampin for 6 Enterococcus spp. strains.

A HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of six sweeteners (acesulfame-K, cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose, stevioside, aspartame) in children's favorite foods. The procedure involves an extraction of the six sweeteners with 50% methanol solution, sample clean-up using the Carrez clearing reagent and filtering with cartridge filter. The HPLC separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold (150 mm × 2.1 mm 5 um) column using the water/acetonitrile mobile phase (95:5). Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using the TSQ Quantum Ultra operated in negative and positive ESI/SRM. With this method, good linear relationship, sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained. The spike recoveries of six sweeteners for 2 kinds of foods spiked into 0.4 mg/kg ranged from 87.4 to 114.7%. The detection limits were above 0.02 mg/kg. The method has been applied to determination of six sweeteners in children's favorite foods.

This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze azodicarbonamide (ADA) in wheat flour. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ADA in wheat flour. The recovery rate was 91.93~97.54%. The limit of detection for ADA was 0.02 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg. The monitoring results for ADA contents using the established methods showed that it was detected as the low value of 0.95 mg/kg in one of 51 flour samples (detection rate : 2%), but not detected in 59 bakery samples. The detected ADA level was suitable to its usage standard, compared to the standard (45 mg/kg). Although the detection rate was very low, the established analytical method of ADA will contribute to the management of ADA in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery.

Discussion in this article will center around introducing RFID/USN technology and exploring feasibility of applying the technology to agricultural area, based on actual pilot project done at the fisheries in Jeju Province, South Korea. The case in this article will suggest some factors needed to consider in applying RFID/USN system to the agricultural business.

인간이 지구상에 존재하는 생물체를 식품으로 섭취할 수 있는 것은 크게 세가지로 나눌 수 있는데 우리가 흔히 알고 있는 소고기나 돼지고기, 어패류 등의 동물성식품, 곡류나 야채, 과일 등의 식물성 식품, 그리고 마지막으로 미생물 식품을 들 수 있다. 미생물 식품이라고 하면 우리가 흔히 섭취하는 유산균과 효모 그리고 버섯을 들 수 있다.일반적으로 유산균이나 효모는 미생물 식품이라고 생각 하지만 버섯의 경우에는 미생물 식품으로 인식하기보다 식물성 식품으로 생각하는 사람들이 많은 것이 사실이어서 버섯의 식품학적 가치에 대해 적극적인 홍보가 필요하다고 생각한다. 버섯은 분류학적으로 진핵세포를 가진 고등균류(菌類)로 대부분의 담자균류(Basidiomycota)와 일부 자낭균류(Ascomycota)에 속하며 세계도처에 만 여종 이상의 버섯이 서식하고 있고 이중 1천여 종의 버섯이 예로부터 식용 및 약용으로 사용되어 왔다. 고대 그리스와 로마인들은 버섯을 '신의 식품'이라 하였고, 중국에서는 불로장수의 영약으로 귀하게 다루었다. 우리나라에서는 삼국사기에 신라 성덕왕 시대에 이미 목균(木菌 : 金芝)을 이용한 기록이 있고, 세종실록(世宗實錄)에 세종대왕시대에 식용 버섯으로 송이, 표고, 약용버섯으로 복령, 복신의 주산지까지 기록하고 있는 것으로 보아 아주 오래 전 부터 버섯이 중하게 이용되었음을 알 수 있다. 신농본초경(新農本草經)에 의하면 상약에 속하는 것이 표고와 영지로 “독은 없고 많이 오래도록 복용하여도 사람에게 해하지 않으며 몸을 가볍게 하고 마음을 젊게 다스리게 한다“ 라고 기록되어 있다. 버섯은 식품으로서 영양학적 가치와 독특한 향기, 물성, 맛, 무기질 및 비타민을 가지고 있으며 추출 분획물이나 단리한 성분 중에는 혈당조절, 면역기능강화, 항 종양 또는 항암 활성작용, 콜레스테롤 저하, 고혈압, 간 보호 등 순환계작용과 항산화, 항염증, 항알러지 등 다양한 기능이 밝혀지고 있어 향후 산업적으로 고부가 가치를 올릴 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있는 소재이기도 하다. 최근에 흰목이버섯의 경우 신경성장인자(NGF)로서 신경성장과 관련한 뇌 질환(기억력, 인지능력 포함) 예방 및 치료 식품으로 개발이 기대된다. 특히 올해부터 건강기능식품 공전이 개정됨에 따라 다양한 버섯들이 건강기능식품으로 등재되어 과학적이고 신뢰성 있는 원료와 제품으로 소비자들에게 다가갈 수 있기를 희망한다.

일반적으로 버섯류는 항암, 면역, 항염증 등 여러 가지 기능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 기 능성 내용을 표시/광고할 수 있는 “건강기능식품”은 2000년 11월 29일 발의되어 2002년 8월 26일 공포되어 시 행된“건강기능식품에 관한 법률”에따른 과학적 근거자료를 토대로 그 기능성을 입증할 수 있는 것이어야 한 다. 건강기능식품은 건강기능식품 공전에 등재되어 있는 고시형 건강기능식품과 등재되어 있지 않아 새로이 인정받아야 하는 개별인정형 건강기능식품으로 나눌 수 있다. 식약청은 2004년부터 3년 간 고시형 품목(대부 분이 건강보조식품으로 분류되던 품목들)의 기능성 재평가 연구사업을 수행하였고, 2007~2008년에는 연구사 업의 결과물을 우선 입안예고 한 후 각 계의 의견을 취합하는 과정을 밟았으며 2008년에는 이를 반영한 건강 기능식품 기준 및 규격 전면개정을 하기 이르렀다(식약청 고시 제2008-12호). 재평가 사업 결과 버섯제품 중 과학적 근거자료가 확보된 “영지버섯 자실체 추출물”과 “목이버섯”은 당/탄수화물 원료의 일부로서 잔류하게 되었으나 나머지 기존의 버섯제품은 “일반원료”로 분류되어 2009년 12월31일 까지 고시형으로 잔류하였으나 현재는 식품공전의 기타식품류 중 버섯가공식품으로 이관되었다(2010년 1월7일 “식품의 기준 및 규격” 전면 개정). 현재 건강기능식품공전에 등재된 버섯 원료는 당/탄수화물 중 식이섬유 중 “목이버섯(배변활동 원활)” 과 당/탄수화물 중 “영지버섯 자실체 추출물(혈행개선)”이며, 개별인정받은 원료로는 “금사상황버섯(면역기 능개선)”, “표고버섯균사체 AHCC(면역기능증진)”및 “표고버섯균사체추출물분말(간 건강)”의 3가지이다. 따 라서 신규 버섯의 건강기능식품 원료인정("기능성표시"를 위해서)을 위해서는 개별인정형을 위한 조건을 충족 시켜야 할 것이다. 기능성 원료로 인정받기 위한 개별인정 제출 자료는 법에 자세히 명시되어있다. 기능성분 또는 지표성분을 명확히 해야 하는데 기능성분은 말 그대로 기능성을 나타내는 성분으로서 추출물 자체가 될 수도 있고 특정 버섯 추출물에 함유된 특정한 베타글루칸 등이 될 수도 있다. 지표물질은 기능성 원료의 identity를 결정짓는 중요한 물질로서 버섯의 제조 형태에 따른 표준화 관리 목적으로 반드시 설정해야 한다. 즉, 버섯이 건강기능식품 기능성 원료로 인정받기 위해서는 버섯마다, 사용부위마다, 제조방법, 기능성분에 따른 기능성과 안전성 등에 차이가 있음을 인식하고 in vitro, in vivo, human study에 이르는 체계화 되고 일관 성 있는 연구 및 개발이 필요하다.

Recently, IPTV population is growing by leaps and bounds. and We performed FGI(Focus Group Interview) with various experts related to agriculture field to establish Agriculture and Fisheries special channel. this growth has social background that is change of paradigm caused by the convergence of broadcasting, demand for Agriculture and Fisheries special channel using new media thanks to interests in Wellbeing, Green food. so we think that we need to consider the way to establish Agriculture and Fisheries special channel and its validity from all angles. that is why we are having a heated discussion with Agriculture and Fisheries marketing experts, farmer, fisher(Korean Cyber Farmer Association), broadcasting experts. Concretely, government budget is needed to establish Agriculture and Fisheries special channel, so we are just about to examine its validity and find business model. to make this discussion detailed, we made 4 subjects. First, Do we need agro-fishery products distribution channel using media? Second, After establishing of Agriculture and Fisheries special channel, how many demands will occur? Third, Should we make Agriculture and Fisheries special channel public channel? Fourth, What would be profit model of Agriculture and Fisheries special channel?

The effects of different dietary fatty acids on the hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci and glutathione related enzyme system were investigated in carcinogen treated rats. Weaning male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed the diets of 15% corn(CO), perilla(PO), and sardine oil(SO), respectively. Hepatocellular carcinogenesis was initiated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN) and then fed the diet containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminoflumene(2-AAF) followed by 0.05% phenobarbital for 10 weeks. The hepatic tissues were homogenized and centrifugated to prepare microsoma1 and cytosolic fractions. The enzyme activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) were determined from cytosoIic Mans. The number of GST-P hyperplastic nodules was the highest in corn oil group at 6th week, the early stage of hyperplastic nodule formation. GST activities were increased significantly by carcinogens in a11 dietary groups after 6th wk. GR activities followed the same tread as GST activities. GPx activities were decreased by carcinogens in all dietary groups at 10th week. In this experiment, corn oil diet may have promotive effect on hyperplastic nodule formation during the early promotional stages of chemical carcinogenesis.

The current exploratory study attempted to investigate the influence of environment-friendly agricultural products(EAPs) perception on EAPs consumption behavior. The survey was conducted to parents of elementary school in Chung-buk area by the help of h o m teachers of each school. Out of 500 questionnaires administered, a total of 305 completed questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 61%. Regarding buying behavior, 89.6% of respondents have ever bought EAPs, among them, 52.9% usually bought in a mart. The reason to buy EAPs was mostly safety(57.6%), nutrition & health(30.4%), and quality(7.0%). The 11 item representing the attitude and knowledge were analyzed, resulting in three distinct dimensions-`attitude`, `knowledge`, and `concern`. The knowledge level of EAPs was slightly higher than medium. Concerning the influence of EAPs perception on EAPs consumption behavior, the more having high knowledge and attitude level on EAPs, the more lead to the EAPs consumption behavior. This implicit the importance of education to enhance the knowledge level and positive attitude towards EAPs.

This study was conducted to examine the hypoglycemic effects of complexcity extract(DB 55) from five oriental medicinal plants on the intake of food, body weight, blood glucose level, insulin content, serum GOP, GPT, BUN and hematocrit value in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Genera1 nutritional composition was also assessed. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups: normal control group(NC), STZ-diabetic control group (STZ-control), STZ-diabetic DB-1 group(DB 55-1), STZ-diabetic DB-2 group(DB 55-2) and STZ-diabetic DB-3 group(DB 55-3). The animals were fed an experimental diet for 12 weeks. Body weight gain of the STZ-diabetic group was significantly lower but diet intake was significantly higher than the NC group. Blood glucose levels of the DB-1, DB-2 and DB-3 rats were significantly lower than the STZ-control animals. Insulin level of STZ-control rats was lower than the NC serum GOT, GPT and BUN levels were significantly higher in the NC group, but hematocrit value was not significant as compare to the STZ-diabetic group. Blood glucose level was lower observed for the DB 55-1, DB 55-2 and DB 55-3 group. The results will be useful in oriental diet therapy and in the developing functional food resources.

This study aimed to determine microbiological quality on vegetable salad used dressing added with Prunus mume extracts. For this study, Dressing were blended with Prunus mume extracts to different concentrations of 0, 10, and 20%. Microbiological effects of vegetable salad used dressing added with Prunus mume extracts were assessed during production process by measuring process time, temperature, pH and Aw and determining total plate counts and coliforms. Effects of vegetable salad used dressing added with Prunus mume extracts on total plate counts and coliforms were observed during holding at 3. 25±1 ℃ for 12 hours. Dressing added with Prunus mume extracts improved the microbiological quality and showed antibacterial properties when they are added to vegetable salad.

Phenolic acid concentrates of rice bran(RB-ex) and hydroxycinnamic acids were investigated for their anti-hyperglycemic activities through glucose uptake and glucokinase activity using HepG2 cells and stimulatory effects on insulin secretion using HIT-TI5 cells. RB-ex was prepared as an ethylacetate extract after alkaline hydrolysis and hydroxycinnamic acids, found as major compositions of RB-ex, such as ferulic acid(FA), sinapic acid(SA) and p-coumaric acid(p-CA) were investigated to compare with the properties of RB-ex. The properties of glucose uptake in HepG2 cells were examined in the absence of insulin and two different glucose concentrations(5.5 mM and 25 mM). RB-ex and FA showed anti-hyperglycemic activities through the increase of glucose uptake and the stimulation of glucokinase activity in HepG2 cells. RB-ex exhibited higher glucose uptakes with higher glucose concentrations, whereas FA exhibited the same increasing effects on both concentrations of glucose. RB-ex and FA exhibited doubled glucokinase activities relative to control. In the presence of insulin in the 25 mM glucose-containing medium, the levels of glucose uptake were increased in all treatments compared with control. As stimulatory effects of samples on insulin secretion were estimated, RB-ex and FA stimulated insulin secretion at a concentration of 25㎕/㎖ and in particular, FA showed the highest amount of insulin-release in HIT-TI5 cells. Antioxidative effects on BIT-TI5 cells, RB-ex and hydroxycinnamic acids, excluding p-CA, showed inhibitory activities of 78% to 80% at a concentration of 100㎕㎖. On the basis of these results, we conclude that RB-ex and FA could help decrease blood glucose levels and prevent the cell damages via antioxidant activity.

새로운 항치매성 건강식품을 개발하기 위해 아세틸콜린에스터레이즈(AChE)를 강력하게 저해하는 추출물을 곡류와 두류의 다양한 추출물로부터 선발한후 최적 추출 조건을 조사하였다. 추출물 중 수수 메탄올 추출물이 63.4%의 가장 높은 AChE 저해 활성을 보였다. 수수를 80% 메탄올로 40℃ 에서 12시간 추출했을 때 최대의 AChE 저해 활성을 나타내었다. AChE를 저해하는 수수 메탄올 추출물의 영양성과 생리 기능성을 조사하였다. 메탄올 추출물은 유리당으로 고형물 100g당 4.78g의 포도당과 4.13g의 자당 및 0.97g의 과당을 함유하였다. 또한, 수수 메탄올 추출물의 고형물 100g에 linoleic acid 273.82㎎, stearic acid 4.96㎎을 함유하고 있었고, 주요 유기산으로 주석산 27.45㎎, 말론산 15.43㎎, 사과산 9.94㎎이 메탄올 추출물 1g에 함유되어 있었다. 수수 메탄올 추추룰은 항치매 활성 외에도 콜레스테롤 합성을 저해하는 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 활성이 50.2%이었고, 항산화 활성은 56.1%를 보였다.

To make sponge cake using Lentinrrs edodes powder, which is useful and valuable as a functional food material, we tested samples with 3, 6, 9, and 12% L. edodes powder to ascert200ain the quality characteristic and make optimize preparation. Samples and L. edodes powder-free control sponge cakes were compared in terms of quality characteristics including batter viscosity and specific gravity, moisture content, volume index, weight, color, textural characteristics, and sensory qualities, to determine the optimal ratio of L. edodes powder in the formulation. Viscosity and specific gravity of sample and control batter were not significantly different. Moisture content of the sample and control sponge cake also did not differ appreciably, and weight of sample and control sponge cakes did not differ appreciably. The volume index of the samples displayed contrasting values, increasing with 3-6% L. edodes powder and decreasing with 9-12% powder. L, a, and b crust color values of samples sponge cakes were lower than those of control cakes. The L and a values of the control cakes was maximal, with values progressively decreasing with incorporation of more L, edodes powder. The b value decreased by 3% with the addition of up 6% L. edodes powder with no further decrease thereafter. L edodes powder was the lower value. So was the color a, and L. edodes powder increased, a-values decreased. 3% difference was shown in b, the color and none between the samples with 6-12%. L. edodes powder showed lower values making a comparison with the control. Hardness and fracturablility were not appreciably affected by 3% L. edodes powder, but was affected by concentrations 6%. Fracturability og sample sponge cakes was consistently lower than control cakes. Fracturability made little difference in 3% samples, but it was not the same with more than 6% L. edodes powder samples; the samples showed lower value than the control. Adhesiveness was not significantly affected. Chewiness was lower in a11 sample cakes except those prepared with 3% L. edodes powder. Use of L. edodes powder conferreds higher resilience values as compared to thecontrols. Sensory attributes of color, flavor, softness and overall acceptability were the highest in control sponge cakes, as the mount of L, edodes powder increased, the acceptability decreased. L. edodes-flavor, pleasant taste and off-flavor were the lowest in control cakes, and values increased as the amount of L. edodes powder increased. The control sponge cakes showed the highest values in egg-flavor and moistness, which progressively increased as added L, W e s powder increased. The results indicate that control sponge cakes displayed were. the highest overall acceptability, with acceptability decreasing and it decreased as L. edodes powder content increased. However, 3-6% L. edodes powder can produce an acceptable product, and may be used as anoptimized mixture ratio.

To enhance the quality of traditional Dasik, pollen Dasik containing brown rice flour fortified with 5, 10, 15 and 20% pollen powder were prepared, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. Pollen Dasik possessed higher amount of mineral such as K and Ca than brown rice Dasik. The L value of pollen Dasik decreased with increasing pollen powder compared to brown rice Dasik, while the b value of pollen Dasik was increased with increasing pollen powder compared to brown rice Dasik(p<0.05). Hardness of pollen Dasik decreased with increasing amounts of pollen compared to the brown rice Dasik(p<0.05). Sensory evaluation on pollen Dasik preparewd with over 10% pollen showed the highest sensery evaluation value in overall preference.

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the perceived management performance and importance level of nutrition teachers by school administrators in the Chonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 142 school administrators. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. Approximately 74.6% of the subjects were men. About 37% of subjects were principals, 33% were vice principals, and 35% were administrative directors, with over 60% aged 40-50 years(p<0.05). Among the 142 schools evaluated, 82.7% were located in urban areas and 17.3% were in ml areas. About 98% of the schools served meals in the dining room(pd0.05). Approximately 68% of the schools employed nutrition teachers and 33.4% had school dietitians(p<0.001). The result indicated that the overall importance level(4.24) was higher than the performance leve1(3.97)(p<0.001). In a survey of the degree of task performance by nutrition teachers, administrators regarded sanitation management was evaluated as the most important performance parameter(4.49), other management attributes as very important parameters(4.41), with nutrition counseling being much less important(2.76) and meal service being least important(3.29; except for classroom teachers). According to the tide of the subjects, evaluations of administrative directors were lower than evaluations of principals and the vice principals. The results indicate that nutrition teachers should not only have meal service management as their main duty, but should also be involved in constructing a life-long health management system for students and teachers by conducting nutrition education and counseling, and should be active in the development of nutrition education programs and in the duties of sanitation management of school meals.

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of black ginseng jelly prepared with different 5 levels(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) of black ginseng extract. We assessed the ginsenosides level of white and black ginseng for comparison between white and black ginseng. And we conducted the pH, sugar content, Hunter`s color values, the mechanical characteristics and sensory evaluation of black ginseng jelly samples. The levels of ginsenoside Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 of black ginseng were higher than those of white ginseng. The more black ginseng extract was increased, the sugar contents of black ginseng jelly were significantly increased(+O.05). We noted that the luminance and Hunter`s b values of jelly samples were decreased according to black ginseng extract was increased, but in Hunter`s a values 0.5% black ginseng jelly was the highest of the all. With regard to the mechanical properties of the black ginseng jelly samples, the score of hardness, gumminess and chewiness were significantly increased. In color, taste and overall quality, the score of jelly with 1.0% black ginseng extract was significantly increased than those of the all.

Pesticide residues were investigated in 16 commodities (rice, foxtail millet, buckwheat, kidney bean, peanut, sesame, orange, grapefruit, kiwifruit, spinach, perilla leaves, leek, garlic stem, garlic, ginger and oak mushroom)collected from 22 provinces (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, Ulsan, Suwon, Seongnam, Goyang,Bucheon, Yongin, Cheongju, Jeonju, Jeju, Cheonan, Changwon, Pohang, Gumi, Jinju, Wonju and Yeosu) in 2009. Pesticides (172 kinds) were analyzed using multiresidue method by GC/MS/MS from 510 samples, and phenthoate in kiwifruit was violated by exceeding MRL. The intake assessment for 24 kinds of pesticide residues including the detected pesticides at multi pesticide residue monitoring (bifenthrin etc.) were carried out. The result showed that the ratio of EDI (estimated daily intake) to ADI (acceptable daily intake) was 0.000007~0.458% which means that the detected pesticide residues were in a safe range so that residual pesticides in the agricultural products in Korea.

The acknowledgement and preference for Korean food by Chinese students in the Daejeon area of Korea was surveyed. The students(n=132) were comprised of 57.6% males and 42.4% females, with 56.1% being >20-years-of-age and 43.9% being＜20-years-of-age and 42.4% being Korean residents for over 1 year. The most recognizable aspect of Korean food was familiarity with Kimchi, Bulgogi and Bibimbap. Participants were least aware of the affordability of Korean food. Average understanding for Korean food of the Chinese students was 2.77-3.00 on a 5 point scale. Participants highly preferred(in order) Ssalbap, Gomtang and Bulgogi, while Dolsotbap, Samgyetang and Gimgui were not preferred. Female students preferred Gamjatang and Manduguk more than male students. Those students who bad lived in Korea for over 1 year preferred Bulgogi and Samgyeopsal, and those residing<3 months preferred Guksujangguk. Over half of the students surveyed had knowledge of Korean food and its preparation; of these students, Korean food preferences were for Kalguksu, Mu1 Naengmyeon, Moosengchae, and Oisengchae.