최근 허브식물는 기능 및 건강식품으로 각광받고 있는 식품 제조 원료로 사용되고 있으나, 소면적 작물로 그동안 허브 병해충에 대한 기존 자료가 부족한 상태이다. 이에 고품질 허브생산을 위해 요구되는 해충 종합관리체계를 구축하기 위한 사전조사로 허브에 발생하는 해충의 종류 및 발생소장이 규명되어야 한다. 이에 준고냉지에 20종의 허브식물을 식재하여 해충발생 특성을 2008년과 2009년 2년간 육안조사한 결과를 아래와 같이 보고하고자 한다. 발생한 해충은 총채벌레목 1종, 노린재목 4종, 매미목 4종, 나비목 8종, 딱정벌레목 1종, 파리목 1종, 거미강 1종, 기안목 1종 등 총 21종이었다. 허브식물별 해충발생수를 조사하였을 때, 바질 8종, 페퍼민트와 레몬밤, 7종, 세이지, 로켓샐러드 6종, 배초향, 구절초 5종, 벨가못, 펜넬, 한련화 3종, 로즈마리, 오레가노, 백리향 2종, 라벤더, 케모마일, 에키네시아, 고수, 쳐빌, 로즈제라늄 1종이었고, 노지에서 재배할 경우는 피해 해충 종수는 더욱 감소하였다. 해충피해가 발생하지 않은 허브식물은 재배환경에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 비가림하우스에서는 마조람 1종에서, 노지에서 재배한 허브식물 에서는 라벤더, 케모마일, 오레가노, 마조람, 백리향, 에키네시아, 고수, 로즈제라늄에서는 해충 피해가 발생하지 않았다. 이후 해충발생특성 및 피해정도에 대한 지속적인 조사가 요구되며, 이러한 자료를 기반으로 해충방제체계를 구축하여 농가의 안정적인 생산을 유도하여야 할 것이다.

2000년대 초 중국으로부터 국내에 유입되었으리라 추정되는 꽃매미(Lycorma delicatula White)는 김 등(2006)이 국내의 천안, 연기, 서울 관악산 등지에서 최초 발생 보고한 이래, 해마다 그 발생면적이 급증하고 있다. 최근 5년 동안의 포도원과 그 주변의 발생 면적을 상황을 살펴보면 2006(1ha)→2007(7ha)→2008(81ha)→2009(2,946ha)→2010(8,478ha)로 해마다 7배에서 30배 이상으로 발생면적이 예측할 수 없을 정도로 급증하고 있다. 이렇게 꽃매미가 급증하는 원인은 이들은 1년에 1세대가 경과함으로써 국내에 서식하고 있는 다른 매미류(4~7년)에 비해 세대기간이 짧고, 암컷 한마리당 산란수가 400~500(왕 등 1981)개 정도로 매우 많으며, 현재 국내에 이들의 밀도를 억제할 수 토착천적의 부재가 주요한 요인으로 알려져 있다.또한 월동난의 생존율이 매우 높아 이듬해 밀도 급증의 큰 원인이 되고 있다. 현재 국내의 꽃매미 발생현황은 9개 시도 49개 시군(2010년 농식품부 총조사)에서 발생이 되고 있으므로 국내의 전 지역에서 월동이 가능한 것으로 추측된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지역별로 꽃매미 월동난의 생존율을 조사 분석함으로써 이후 확산가능 지역을 추정할 수 있고, 또 2008년과 2009년의 월동 생존율을 비교함으로써 동계 혹한이 꽃매미 월동난의 생존율에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 함에 있다.

We surveyed 848 university students, 21.4±2.5 years of age, attending university in Seoul, Kongju, Chongyang-Gun in the Chungnam province of Korea, for their use of health functional foods (HFF) and for significant variables in this use, namely demographic characteristics, health related variables, dietary variables and nutritional beliefs. The prevalence of the use of HFF was 33.6%. Among all types of HFF, nutritional supplements were taken most frequently, followed by (in order) red ginseng products, apricot extract products and ginseng products. HFF use was higher in females (p<.05), in subjects living in a dormitory (p<.05) and those from families with a relative high socioeconomic status (p<.001). Self-health concern (p<.05) and usage ratio of HFF by family (p<.001) was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF. The total score of dietary assessment was higher in users than in nonusers of HFF (p<.001), and users had a more positive point of view concerning the potential health benefits of HFF than did nonusers (p<.001). Most users took HFF when they were healthy (37.2%) or when they were sick (27.4%). They did not feel special effects through the HFF use (49.8%). Most users got the information about the specifics of HFF from family and/or relatives (55.8%). Most of users confirmed nutrition facts when they purchased the HFF (70.9%), but a considerable number of users could not understand these nutrition facts (48.1%). Users preferred vitamin C- and Ca-supplements most among vitamin · mineral supplements belonged to HFF. These results show that the use of HFF is common among university students. As well, the use of HFF by students is affected by various variables. Supplementary nutritional education should be undertaken among university students, in order to give them a reasonable guideline for the use of HFF, based upon influencing factors and usage behaviors that we learned from this survey.

식품산업의 성장이 국내 농산물에 대한 원료 수요 확대로 직접적으로 이어지지 못하는 가장 큰 요인은 국 산 농산물을 원료로 사용하기에는 높은 가격이나 안정적인 조달의 어려움과 같은 제약조건이 존재하기 때문 이다. 식품산업과 국산 농산물 간의 연결고리가 이와 같이 약하다는 것은 사실상 국산 농산물을 식품으로 가 공하여 전적으로 수요를 확대하는 데에는 한계가 존재하기 때문에 가능성 있는 품목을 발굴하는 것이 우선적 인 과제라고 할 수 있다. 그간 정부에서는 농업과 식품산업 간의 연계를 강화하기 위해 다양한 정책을 실시하여왔다. 이 과정에서 지역단위의 농업조직이나 지역농업클러스터는 원료조달과 공급이라는 일차적인 연계를 넘어서 인프라 등을 공동으로 활용하는 방향으로 연계의 또 다른 방향을 모색할 수 있을 것이다. 지역농업과 식품기업의 연계에 는 정부의 지역단위 농업활성화를 위한 각종 지원 정책 이외에도 국산 농산물을 원료로 사용하는 식품기업에 대한 인센티브를 부여하는 것도 효과적인 방안 중의 하나가 될 수 있을 것이다.

This research was conducted to assess applicability of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) methods for investigation of infant and young children products, nut, seasoned dried fish,spice, dried fruits, fruit & vegetable, grain and marine products, which are not approved for irradiation in Korea. PSL results show that the photon counts of non-irradiated samples were lower than 700, while those of irradiated samples were higher than 700. In TL measurement, TL ratio of irradiated samples were higher than 0.1 or ones can decrease below 0.1 whereas the temperature range of TL Glow curve was between 150-250℃. Monitoring result about 8 class of 325 not approved to irradiated foods, photon counts of samples were less than 700, and after re-irradiation TL Ratio (TL₁/TL₂) through re-irradiation step at 1 kGy were higher than 0.1 for the all samples. Therefore, these results suggested that PSL and TL measurements were useful detection methods for 8 class food products not approved to irradiation in Korea and all sample (325 cases) were not irradiated when we analysed by PSL and TL methods.

It has been elucidated desmethylsibutramine in food, that is an analogue of sibutramine used for anti-obesity drug. After separating and purifying in food samples, it was analyzed and identified by the instrument such as HPLC/PDA, HPLC/MS, HPLC/MS/MS and NMR. To analyze sibutamine and desmathylsibutramine in foods, they were analyzed and identified by HPLC/PDA after extracting in dichloromethane, filtering, concentration and diluting in methanol. The overall recoveries were ranged from 87% to 91% and the limit of quantitation was 2.5 μg/kg. As results, sibutramine and desmethylsibutramine was not detected in all the selected 54 food samples.

This study was practiced to survey food-borne bacterial aspects of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus etc. from 210 processed seasoned marine products in Garak fishery wholesale market in Seoul, 2009. Distributions of these bacterial isolates were 28 coliforms, 32 Bacillus spp., 71 Staphylococcus spp., 11 Listeria spp, and 10Enterococcus spp. in 157 dried squids, 23 dried file fishes, and 20 dried pollacks etc. respectively. Results in 16 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test by disc diffusion method, special multiple drugs resistance patterns were NOR + LVX + CIP + SAM+ VA + S + TE + CF, SAM + C + VA, VA + S + TE, and VA + S in 9 E. coli strains, also,AMC + SAM + CF, SAM + CF, and VA + CF in 21 Bacillus cereus strains respectively. On the basis of the results above, many seasoned dried fishes had multiple drugs resistances, conclusively, we suggest limited guideline and special management on use of antibiotics in floating net cages of fishery farms.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum), especially its fruit, possesses a vast ethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medical value. The tree and fruit can be divided into several anatomical compartments, and the fruit juice, peel and oil are known to be weakly estrogenic and heuristically of interest for treatment of menopausal symptoms and sequellae. In this study, analysis of estrogen in pomegranate extract was carried out with LC/MS/MS. Three batches of pomegranate extract samples were used to analysis the target compounds (estrogen). The contents of estrogen derivatives in the samples were 38.6 ppb of estriol, 83.5 ppb of estrone,and 10.9 ppb of estradiol. This result suggests that the pomegranate extract can used for treatment of menopause symptoms in the woman.

We used fluorescence detector to analyse total aflatoxins (G1, G2, B1, B2) with TFA (Trifluoroacetic acid) derivation method and PHRED (Photochemical reactor enhanced detection) method. PHRED method was superior in reproduction and convenience, but TFA derivation method was superior in selectivity and sensitivity. The recovery rate of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 were more than 80%, and G2 was more than 70%. The detection limit of B1,B2, G1 and G2 were respectively 0.05, 0.05, 0.2 and 0.1 μg/kg. Confirmed method was used to analyse total aflatoxins in total 316 items as 9 kinds 137 dried fruits and 10 kinds 179 spices. By the result, Aflatoxins were detected in 27dried fruits (19.7%) and in 87 spices (48.6%).

The effects of vinegar, alcohol and ascorbic acid on the color, microorganism, sensory properties and flavor pattern of minced ginger (MG) were investigated during storage for 28 days at 30℃. The values of L (lightness),a (redness) and b (yellowness) of the control (T-0) and all the treatments changed slightly at the initial stage of storage, however the elapse of time accelerated the changes. The total bacterial counts of T-0 showed 5.37 × 107CFU/g at the initial stage, but the MG-treatments decreased the bacteria above 4 log compared to T-0. It was showed that the additives were effective for inhibition of the growth of microorganism. Sensory properties of flavor intensity test showed no significant difference between T-0 and MG-treatments (p < 0.05). The result of volatile flavor contents of electronic nose analyzer (ENZ) showed that MG-treatments (T-I, T-II, T-III) was recognized stronger than non-treatment at the initial stage, but the change of flavor compound were stabilized soon regardless of type or quantity of additives during total storage period at 30℃.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial contamination levels on food service in university and to provide the information of microbial contamination to improve food safety. A total of 288 samples were collected during summer and winter season between 2006 and 2008 from 4 food services located in the university in Western Gyeongnam and were used to detect sanitary indicator bacteria [aerobic plate count (APC), coliform,and Escherichia coli] and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.). As a result, APC and coliform for hand and kitchen utensils which are used often by the employee were detected at high levels of 1.1~5.5and 1.3~5.3 log CFU/(100 cm2, hand), respectively. The contamination levels of APC and coliform in cooked foods and drinking water were 0.8~6.4 and 1.3~5.0 log CFU/(g, mL), respectively. Especially, the cooked foods showed the highest contamination for APC (2.1~6.4 log CFU/g) and coliform (1.0~5.0 log CFU/g). We think the reason that the cooked foods may be contaminated with APC and coliform on cooking process by using employee’s hand and kitchen utensils. Moreover, S. aureus for hand and kitchen utensils was detected at levels of 2.8~3.0 and 2.0~2.3 log CFU/(g,hand), but Salmonella spp. was not detected. According to the above results, contamination levels of the samples were mostly decreased irrespective of summer and winter season. The results obtained indicated that it is necessary to periodic monitoring for microorganism contamination and education about personal and environmental hygiene to employee for ensuring food safety of food service in university.

This research was conducted to know application of Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) methods by irradiation dose for leaching tea, sauces and starch approved in Korea. Leaching tea, sauces and starch powder were treated with 60Co gamma ray at dose 0~10 kGy for detection trial whether they are irradiated or not by measuring PSL and TL for whole samples. PSL values were less than threshold value 700 and were negative for non-irradiated samples but more than 5,000 and were positive for irradiated ones. PSL results of leaching tea and sauces showed the correct identification for non-irradiated and irradiated samples, respectively except starch samples. To enhance the reliability of the TL result, the first glow curve (TL1) was compared with the second glove curve (TL2) obtained after a re-irradiation step at 1 kGy. The TL ratio (TL₁/TL₂) was in good agreement with the reported TL threshold for both the non-irradiated (< 0.1) and irradiated (> 0.1) samples. TL results of leaching tea, sauces, starch showed the correct identification for non-irradiated and irradiated samples, respectively. This study was performed to know application of PSL and TL methods for leaching tea, sauces and starch, and the methods were able to detect the irradiation products.

The method for the determination of ethylenediamine (EDA) and hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) in food simulants was developed, and migration amounts of these compounds was monitored for 124 polyamide (PA) utensils. The diurethane derivatives of EDA and HMDA, which produced by reaction with ethyl chloroformate,were analyzed by using gas chromatograph (GC)/flame ionization detector (FID) and GC/mass spectrometer (MS). The developed method was validated with 0.3 μg/mL of limit of detection (LOD) for EDA and 0.1 μg/mL of LOD for HMDA, > 0.999 of linearity(r2) and > 88% of recovery. The EDA was detected 1.31 and 2.06 μg/mL for 2samples in water. The HMDA was detected 0.29 - 0.93 μg/mL for 3 samples in 20% ethanol and 0.26 - 0.44 μg/mL for 10 samples in n-heptane. These migration levels were below the specific migration limits (SML) of 12 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL for EDA and HMDA established in EU.

This study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metals including lead, cadmium,arsenic and total mercury in alcoholic beverages in Korea. Concentration of Hg was analyzed by gold amalgamation method, using mercury analyzer, while concentration of Pb, Cd and As was analyzed by ICP-MS. Concentration (μg/kg) of heavy metal in fermented liquors were ; for Pb 9.9 ± 8.4(0~38.0), Cd 5.8 ± 4.9(0~5.4), As 28.6 ± 19.4(1~96.4),Hg 0.7 ± 1.2(0~10.6). Concentration (μg/kg) of distilled liquors were : for Pb 4.4 ± 5.7(0~29.3), Cd 2.0 ± 2.5(0~10.3),As 12.0 ± 17.0(0~95.6), Hg 0.2 ± 0.3(0~2.3). Concentration(μg/kg) of other liquors were ; for Pb 7.5 ± 5.1(0~13.7),Cd 5.8 ± 3.9(0.6~11.2), As 25.2 ± 39.0(0.5~103.3), Hg 0.3 ± 0.1(0.1~0.5). The present study showed that difference of the amount of constituent in a same category of food are not affect to the content of heavy metals among them. The residual levels of takju, yakju, sake, beer, fruit wine, soju, whiskey, brandy, general distilled liquor, liquor, other liquors are within the maximum levels, prescribed by Korea food code. It is given that heavy metal exposure of Pb,Cd, As, Hg from consumption of alcoholic beverages (takju, yakju, sake, beer, fruit wine, soju, whiskey, brandy, general distilled liquor, liquor, other liquors) are less than 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.01%, 0.01% (mean) in provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) respectively, indicated by FAO/WHO.

Although concerns about Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural foods have currently increased, there in on adequate international risk management standards for As particularly on agricultural commodities and processed agricultural products. This scenario holds true also in Korea. Australia, and New Zealand has determined the As maximum level (ML) but only on cereals grains which is based on total As contents. In addition,Japan has regulated the ML based on trivalent As contents in agricultural commodities, which do not have legal restrictions. On the other hand, China has developed a systemic risk management to restrict the As contamination above MLs in agricultural commodities and processed agricultural products based on inorganic and total As contents. The establishment of an adequate analytical method for As specification in agricultural foods is essential to determine the acceptable level of As in agricultural food. Probabilistic approach may remove some uncertainties in calculating human risk assessment from As. It should be reviewed in terms of maximum levels to set the best scenario based on a realiability and availability to achieve effective As management on agricultural foods in Korea.

The present study was undertaken to estimate the antibacterial effect of a combination of C. rhizoma,L. Flos, and P. japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000) and a combination of the herbal extract mixture and dioctahedral smectite (CLPS1000) against murine salmonellosis. At the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS10000.5 mg/ml, the antibacterial effect was not showed on Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). On the other hand,the antibacterial effect against S. typhimurium was observed at the concentration of CLP1000 and CLPS1000 1.0 mg/ml. Oral administration of Smectite, CLP1000, and CLPS1000 at the dose of 10 mg/ml showed a therapeutic effect for S. typhimurium infected BALB/c mice. The mortality of Smectite, CLP1000 and CLPS1000-treated mice was 90%,90%, and 70% at 12 days, respectively, while that of untreated mice was 100% at 9 days after a lethal dose of S. typhimurium infection. The results of our study strongly indicate that CLPS1000 has potential as an effective of salmonellosis.

The present study was evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of Coptidis rhizoma,Lonicerae Flos, and Paeonia japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000). Also, the effectiveness of CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), and the combination of CLP1000 and DHS (CLPS1000) against E. coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. During the incubation period, the dose of 10% and 20% CLP1000 were inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 by 30% and 47%, respectively. For 7 days after single challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which were orally administered with saline, 10% CLP1000, 10% DHS, and 10% CLPS1000, respectively. On the 3rd day, the number of E. coli O157:H7 in mouse feces was significantly decreased by administration of CLP1000 (p < 0.05), DHS (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001). On the 7th day, CLP1000 (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001) administration significantly decreased the number of E. coli O157:H7. According to the results of the present study, administration of CLPS1000 to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infection. Also, it is suggested that CLPS100 represents a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

This study was conducted to determine the influence of culture conditions such as temperature, time, water content, koji-thickness and agitation on the production of organic acid by Rhizopus sp. ZB9 isolated from Korean Nuruk during the preparation of rice koji, which is used in brewing the Korean rice wines, Takju and Yakju. Rice koji was made under different culture conditions, and the acidity of each koji was tested. The temperature range suitable for the production of organic acid was 28～32℃, and 36～48 hours of cultivation at that temperature range seemed to produce the optimum results. The production of organic acid increased in proportion to the increase in water content of steamed rice from 25% to 60%. An increase in koji-thickness induced no adverse effects on the production of organic acid, and agitation-work during cultivation showed very beneficial effects.

With the increase of the use of antibiotics and invasive procedures, infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MRAB) are increasing. We screened the antibiotic producing strain B-51 for antibacterial activity against MRAB from the soils and studied the effects of culture medium on the antibiotic production of B-51. The medium conditions for maximum antibiotic productivity of B-51 was 2% glycerol, 0.5% soybean meal, 0.01% CaCl2, 0.01% MgSO4, 7H2O and 0.01% KH2PO4 at an initial pH of 6.0, at 30℃ for 76 h.