When they teach Chinese characters in school, the most popular method to read Chinese characters is to read the meaning and the pronunciation together. Ministry of Education and Human Resources posted 1,800 base characters for Chinese characters’ education but it arranged the characters only without designating the representative meaning. The representative meaning of Chinese characters is necessary not only to understand the character itself but also to interpret sentences. We define shape, pronunciation and meaning as three elements of Chinese characters and teach Chinese characters according to the elements. Generally speaking, a Chinese character can have many different meanings. The most important thing in teaching Chinese characters to beginners is to teach therepresentative meaning. As people learn Chinese characters focusing on the representative meaning and most of them think it has the defined meaning only, if we can designate the most popular and most widely used meaning as a representative meaning, it will make the most of Chinese characters. In case of notional word(實詞), they are read with representativemeaning anyhow. But form word(虛詞)s are read with Hun showing the function andsometimes part of speech itself becomes the Hun. For example, if ‘er(而)’ is applied to the interpretation of a sentence 不義而富且貴於我如浮雲[To be rich and precious without therighteousness is just like a floating cloud in the sky]’ should be interpreted like ‘What is not righteous and rich and precious is just like a floating cloud in the sky. If not, we need to explain the meaning of ‘connecting speech’ again. It is because ‘connecting speech’ is not the meaning of ‘er(而)’ but the ‘function’ of ‘er(而)’. There is a different case in preposition(介詞). We generally call ‘於’ as ‘EojosaEo’, but ‘Eojosa’ is the name of a part of speech rather than the meaning of ‘於’. Even when considering that ‘Eojosa’ is the name of part of speech, it is not correct because Revised Chinese Characters Educational Curriculum in 2007 classified ‘於’ as ‘preposition(介詞). Additionally, if the above sentence is interpreted just after teaching the letters, they will interpret as 不義而富且貴於我如浮雲[What is not righteous, rich and precious I Eojosa like a floating cloud]’. The same rule applies to similar letters. Accordingly, in this article it was tried to review the issue of representative meaning of 1,800 basic characters focusing on form words such as conjunctions, preposition(介詞) and auxiliary word(語助詞). Among 1,800 basic characters 而, 卽, 且, 則 are used as conjunctions, 於, 與, 于, 由, 以, 因, 自, 從, 乎 are used as preposition and 所, 也, 矣, 耳, 者, 哉, 之, 乎, 耶, 焉, 兮 are used as auxiliary word. Out of conjunctions, in 卽, and 且, meaning is applied during the interpretation so they are excluded from this review and 而and 則 were reviewed. In preposition, 與, 由, 以, 因, 自, 從 use meanings that are applied to the interpretation, 於, 于, and 乎 which use ‘a particle’ as Hun were reviewed. Among particles, excluding 所, 耳 and 者, 也, 矣, 哉, 之, 乎, 耶, 焉, and 兮 were reviewed. For the purpose of the study, it was tried to identify the most widely used meaning focusing on the texts in 2007 Revised Curriculum and then define the Hun as the most widely used meaning. If the representative Huns are designated in this way and students learn Chinese characters using such Huns, they may be able to approach to the usage of individual Chinese characters and we can teach Chinese characters to students more accurately.
One of the experience worth paying attention to and fromin the traditional Chinese literacy education is the combination ofliteracy and reading. On the one hand, it accords with the characteristicsof Chinese characters and rules. Students can well established and graspthe unified contact between the Chinese character’s sound, form andmeaning, consolidate the effect on learning literacy and expand literacyrange. On the other hand, it promotes the Chinese literacy education tocombine with the Chinese, cultivates the students' good language sense,lays a solid foundation for the students' language using.
Lund University is one of the important center of Chinese teachingin Sweden,the textbook Elementary Chinese used at the elementary stageis compiled by the teachers of the Chinese Department of thisUniversity,it is an interesting book with Swedish translation and used as long as more than ten years. According to statistics,compared with the Grade A vocabulary in theThe outline of the Graded Vocabulary ,41% of the Grade A vocabularydoesn’ t appear in Elementary Chineseand apparently many words inElementary Chinese are not included in the Grade A vocabulary in Theoutline of the Graded Vocabulary.The order that the characters appearfollows the content of the text and isn’t based on The outline of theGraded Vocabulary.Furthermore,because there is no special Chinesecharacters courses,it is difficult for the students to learn the rule ofChinese characters’structure.Chinese characters become an obstacle forthe students to promote their Chinese level. This paper tries to analyse how to teach Chinese characters forthe non-Chinese cultural circle students at the elementary stage.
The article strives on the primary school Chinese words learning&writing theory and practice per IT for integration of IT and teaching. Attached details as below for colleagues’reference!
Single Chinese character nowadays is the smallest componentfor all Chinese computer systems, however, the system do not recognizethe internal structural, frame details within each characters, whichcreated a big gap on teaching, study, analysis the relationships amongChinese character’s inter-structural with its pronunciation and meanings.This article invited a new reading system by using each character’s internal frame relationship. By adding up hundreds of frame code and structural code into the Chinese characters structural coding system, created a combination and separation two operational system. This type of system given a huge possibilityon study, teach and analysis on characters’internal frame structural, as well as relatively thoroughly solve the Chinese system’s typo issue.
this paper analyze the current status and existing problems of teaching Chinese as a foreign language(TCFL). New teachingmethods based on the theory and methodology of Chinese morphemic willdrive TCFL out of its downturn. It is more efficient to teach foreignstudents based on their own situation and the features of Chinesecharacters. With modern technologies, we can introduce foreignstudents the shape, purpose of construction and combination of Chinesecharacters, even the relations of Chinese characters and Chineseculture.
世界学术的发展可以分成两种;一是源于西方发展的学问;二是源于东方发展的学问。从近代时期开始到今,世界帝国主义国家的影响下,东方的一些学问看视没有用、落后的,反而西方学问看视有用、发展的先进的。但是这认识不是合理的、也不反应真相。其实,西方和东方的学问的渊源不同,学问的发展跟本地的文化有密切关系,我们已经知道某一个国家、民族的文化不能跟某些文化对比来说‘先进’或‘落后’,每个文化都有自己的特点、优点和弱点而已。东方的学问也有自己的特点、优点和弱点,这是西方学问也是同样的。现在是脱离这样观点,进入互相认定对方学问的价值,共同努力发展的时期。 在这个情况下我们要主动宣传东方学问的优秀性,尤其是东方学问的精髓‘汉字文化’的优秀性。而且,至今想学习汉字文化圈里一些语言的人数更增加几倍了。其实宣传文化的最好的方式是‘教育’。这个也是从汉字教育开始的。到此我们遇到比较难解决的问题,就是学问发展的基础因素中最重要的“术语”问题。我们东方学问,尤其汉字文化圈里所教育汉字用的术语没有标准和原则。这个标准有两种,一是国内用,另外是国际通用的。国内用的术语是随着国家的语言习惯来规定的,这是不可以统一一个术语,其实学问是局限在一个国家内的话,这都是不能干涩的问题。反而国际通用的术语值得应该考虑。学问是一定具备国际间、学者之间的沟通性。没有具备沟通性的术语标准、原则,这个学问很难得到发展的机会。现在在国际性期刊或杂志上使用术语的情况如下;按自己国家的决定使用某种术语;各学者的自己想法来自己选择使用某种术语;依据社会语言习惯来选择某种术语等。这个情况都是现实,看例子:The sharing and variations of Han characters is a unique feature among a number of Asian languages. Korean learns Hanja, Japanese learns Kanji, Chinese in Mainland China and Singapore learns simplified Hanzi while Chinese in Taiwan and Hong Kong learns traditional Hanzi. 上面英文文章里有“汉字”的四种名称, Han characters 、Hanja 、Kanji、Hanzi。一位西方学者遇到这四种名称会不会认识一个东西的不同名字,或认识各个区别不同的东西,哪一个可能性大?这样情况是能不能对我们东方学学术界的发展及国际化上障碍。我个人认为现在我们学术界最急的事情是共同关注上建设基本术语的标准和原则。这次发表时,具体说明现在使用术语的各个情况,也提我的标准化和原则关联的意见。
Discussions about classical education in Taiwan came with the formulation of the high Chinese course and the basic textbook of Chinese culture syllabus. The original "high Chinese Course Outline”provides that, the number of instruction per week for five hours, the classical accounting for 65% of the basic textbooks of Chinese culture as a compulsory. The high Chinese Course and classical proportion were cut in power of DPP, and the basic textbook of Chinese culture became elective. The essence of these discussions, not only reflects the island's " Unity and independence " factions of the ideological struggle, but also involves the issue of how to deal with cultural heritage.