Over the past few decades Miscanthus has been studied as a potential bioenergy crop in Europe but not much been studied in Korea although Korea has many native Miscanthus species and genetic resources. Because of their features, such as low demands of fertilizers and other agrochemicals, high water use efficiency and high productivity, Miscanthus can be cultivated in marginal lands. However, it is not known how Miscanthus can survive in saline soil and what extent Miscanthus can tolerate salt stress, one of main abiotic stresses in reclaimed lands or dry climates. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate physiological response of Miscanthus species to salt stress and thus to establish a salt stress threshold. Miscanthus sinensis and M. sacchariflorus showed similar responses to salt stress. Chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and plant growth were all significantly affected by salt stress. Both species were completely killed at > 100 mM NaCl. The GR50 values estimated by non-linear regression analysis with the logistic model were 116.2 mM and 63.1 mM for M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus, respectively. These GR50 values can be used as their thresholds of salt stress. Further studies will be conducted to screen salt-tolerant Miscanthus genotypes.

Global warming means not only increase in average air temperature but also increase in frequency of extreme weathers such as extremely high temperature over 45oC. Crops are generally sensitive to high temperature during their reproductive growth stage. This experiment was thus conducted to investgate physiological responses of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Chucheong) and soybean (Glycine max cv. Sinpaldal) to high temperature (HT) stress at their reproductive stage. Rice and soybean were exposed to different degrees of high temperature stress by keeping them in a growth cabinet deisnged to maintain air temperature up to 45oC for at least 5 hours in a day for different durations, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days. HT stress treatment delayed heading and flowering of rice and increased the sterility of its' main panicle with increasing duration of HT treatment; 19.7 43.4, 68.1, 81.5 and 91.1% at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days HT treatment, respectively. Increasing sterility due to HT treatment thus resulted in significant rice yield loss; 5.07 4.27, 4.32, 4.51 and 3.62 g/plant at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days of HT treatment, respectively. Soybean was also significantly affected by HT stress in its pod formation and sterility, particularly along the vertical stem. Increasing pod sterility with increasing HT treatemnt thus resulted in significant soybean yield loss.

Korea has experienced a rapid warming of 1.5℃during the last 100 years and even faster rise of air temperature is being projected in the future. This experiment was done to figure out the impact of the predidted temperature rise on the growth and yield of rice. Two rice varieties, "Hwaseongbyeo" and "Dasanbyeo" were grown in 1/5000a Wagner pot under the four plastic houses that were controlled to ambient, ambient+1.5℃, ambient+3℃ and ambient+5℃ throughout the rice growing season. Heading dates in the elevated temperature treatments were three to five days earlier than in the ambient temperature treatment. Rice growth was affected by temperature treatments differentially according to the tested cultivars. Hwaseongbyeo(japonica) showed significant reduction of shoot dry weight under ambient+5.0℃ treatment compared to the other treatments, while Dasanbyeo(tongil-type) showed significant increase of shoot and root dry weight under the elevated temperature treatments. The number of panicles per pot and spikelets per panicle and per pot was not significantly different among temperature treatments in both cultivars tested, but significantly lower grain yield was observed under the treatments raising the air temperature to the level of 3.0℃ and 5.0℃ above the ambient air temperature. This lower grain yield in the elevated temperature treatment of ambient+3℃ was attributed mainly to the decrease of grain weight due to the shortening of grain filling period, while the drastic yield reduction in the treatment of ambient+5℃ was caused not only by the lower grain weight but also by the marked increase in spikelet sterility due to the high temperature at meiotic and flowering stage. In conclusion, the ongoing global warming is expected to decrease the grain yield not only by decreasing the grain filling period in the near future but also increasing the spikelet sterility under the long-term projected climate of Korea.

Potato is the fourth major food crop mainly grown in temperate climate zone and this region is expected to be mostly affected by upcoming global warming followed by arctic zone. Such climatic change can cause the decrease of potato crop yield. Thus, climate change impact assessment on potato growth and yield has become a great importance for construing proper adaptation strategies. Crop growth model would be a powerful tool for this purpose even if the model is calibrated and validated under the wide range of environmental condition. The objective of the present study was to calibrate and validate the SUBSTOR model using the experimental data collected in the field and temperatured-controlled plastic houses. The planting season experiments for collecting data was conducted in field and temperat-controlled plastic houses by employing three potato cultivars; Daeji, Sumi, and Chubaek at the Seoul National University Farm in Suwon during 2008 and 2009. Four plastic houses used for this experiment were controlled to ambient temperature (aT, aT+1.5℃, aT+3.0℃, aT+5.0℃), respectively. The model was calibrated by adjusting the genetic coefficients to the experimental data collected, and validated with the experimental data independent of calibration. The model simulated tuber yield very close to the observed, showing R²=0.92 for Daeji and R²=0.97 for Sumi. However, the model showed a little poor performance of R²=0.61 for Chubaek, Also, SUBSTOR-potato model showed low stability at water stress environment in this experiment.

국내산 밀의 부가가치 향상을 위하여 유기농 밀에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 유기농산물 인증을 받기위해 서는 사용되는 밀 종자도 유기농으로 생산된 것(유기종자)을 사용해야 한다. 이와 관련하여 유기질 비료의 시비가 밀 종자의 주요성분에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며, 금강밀 등 24개 품종을 대상으로 amylose, 조단백, 무기이온 함량을 분석하였다. 밀의 amylose 함량은 유기질 비료 시비조건에서 12.5%로서 무비(13.1%) 및 화학 비료(13.2%) 조건에서 보다 낮았다. 밀 종자의 조단백질 함량은 무비<화학비료<유기질비료 순으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 이러한 경향은 전체 아미노산 함량 차이에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 무기이온별로 시비조건에 따른 함량차이를 조사한 결과, 4가지 무기이온(Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, P)의 경우 유기질비료<무비<화학비료 순으로 증가하였다. 특히, Na 이온의 경우 유기질비료 시비조건 보다 화학비료 시비조건에서 함량이 2배 이상 증가하 였다. 한편, K 이온의 경우 유기질비료와 화학비료 조건에서는 유사한 함량을 나타내었으나 무비조건에서 약 6% 증가하였다. 이런 결과들로 볼 때, 유기농 밀 재배시 생산되는 밀의 이용성 등을 고려하여 적절한 유기질비료의 종류와 시비방법을 선택하는 것이 중요할 것으로 생각되며, 유기농 재배에 적합한 품종육성도 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

Direct-seeding method on dry paddy soil could make rice farming large-scale cultivation and cost-saving, but it has still some problems on poor seedling establishment caused by low temperature and varying sowing depth. This research was carried out to identify weedy rice genetic resources that may help to poor seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice on dry paddy soil in temperate region. The genetic resources screened in this study were 128 accessions that consist of 92 japonica weedy rices, 24 indica weedy rices, and 12 Korean bred cultivars.The weedy rices on average have very superior abilities to emerge form depth than cultivated rice. The germplasm showed that the coleoptile or/and mesocotyl lengths were positively correlated with emergence rate to a high degree. Among the germplasm, WD-3, a japonica weedy rice, evidenced the highest level of emergence with the longest coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation. The emergence ability of WD-3 depending on the burial depth under low temperature condition was confirmed in both the phytotron and the field conditions. WD-3 showed 100% of emergence rate until a burial deptho f 7 cm in the dry soil in the phytotron, and 76.2 % of very high emergence rate in the total layer of paddy field where the seeds were sown from the surface to 10 cm depth. In the emerged plants in the field, the mesocotyl elongation increased with increasing burial depth in a logarithmic fashion, and the coleoptile extension increased exponentially. The total elongation lengths of the mesocotyl and coleoptile were similar with a plant burial depth, which indicated that they could induce the safe emergence of the main leaf of the seedling from the soil to thesurface. Conclusively, the elongation habit of mesocotyl and coleoptile of WD-3 could be one of the important characteristics to develop direct-seeding cultivars.

우리나라에서 유통되는 흑미 생산량의 약 70%를 점하는 진도군에서 오래전부터 재배하여 종자 퇴화로 상품 성이 떨어지고 외래품종인 ‘상해향혈나’를 대체할 우리 흑미 품종에 대한 지역적응성을 검토하고, 품종 육성 초기 단계부터 지역에 적합하고 병해충 저항성이 높은 신품종을 개발하고자 현장 연구를 수행하였다. 시험품 종으로는 상해향혈나, 보석흑찰, 조생흑찰 등 12품종, 유망계통으로 육성중인 18계통을 진도군농업기술센터 시험포장에서 재배하였다. 진도지역에서 기존품종 및시험 계통에서 수량성과 안토시아닌 함량 분석하고, 진 도 특산 흑미의 품질에 영향을 미치는 이앙시기와 안토시아닌 함량에 대하여 연구결과를 요약하면, 수량이 400㎏ 이상인 품종은 신농흑찰, 신명흑찰(480), 조생흑찰(475), 흑광(452), 수원525(443) 등 이였고, 안토시안 (C3G)함량은 길림흑미(473), 흑진주(340), 흑설(312) 등이 높았다. 육성중인 흑미계통의 안토시안(C3G)함량은 YR2527836-4(1092), YR2527813(518), SR29612(281) 등이 비교적 높았다. 안토시아닌 함량이 높으면서 안정적 으로 발현되는 이앙적기를 구명하고자 5월22일부터 10일 간격으로 4회 이앙한 결과, 6월15일 이앙이 수량 및 안토시아닌 합량 또한 높아서, 진도군의 이앙적기라 할 수 있겠다. 이런 결과들로 볼 때, 특정지역에 적합 하면서 유망한 흑미 계통을 현장에서 선발과 동시에 보급 가능하며, 흑미의 이앙적기는 진도군에서도 일반 이앙시기 보다 다소 늦은 6월 중순이 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

There was highly improved and developed in hill seeding on puddled wet soil condition for direct seeded rice with sandy type silicate application. The amount of silicate for coverage of preemerged rice seeds(approximately 10 seeds) per hill bases was 840kg/ha which would be so recommended rate for rice plant growth as well. There was no inhibition in terms of germination and seedling stand at early growing stage of the rice plant both laboratory and pot experiments. In particular there was the highest plant height in silicate covered than those of Iron-coated seed, Phyllite-coated seed and Silicate-coated seeds. In field experiment of farmer's paddy silicate covered hill seeded rice was 97.5% of seedling establishment as comparison of control, 87.5%. Rice seedling height at seedling establishment stage was 27.9cm but there was 21.2cm in the untreated control. Plant number was also higher in silicate covered seed by 27.5 per hill at 55days after sowing than that of control, 15.1 per hill. Thus a final yield was also 4.56t/ha in silicate covered rice plant which was 11% higher yield than that of control.

There are many evidences that carotenoids may act as antioxidants and protect humans from serious disorders such as skin degeneration and aging, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and age-related diseases of the eye. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are consumed as an important dietary source of b-carotene, a-carotene and lutein. Astaxanthin, a keto-carotenoid has been used to raise red color of fish body and to improve immune activity in fish-breeding industry. In this study, transgenic carrot plants were generated to overproduce carotenoids including astaxanthin, a non-natural ketocarotenoid in this plant, using an efficient storage root-expression system. Among the nineteen transgenic carrot plants, transformed by a storage root-specific (ibMads) or a storage root (ibAGP1) or the constitutive CaMV35S promoters with three genes involved in carotenoid synthesis [Psy (Phytoen synthase), Crtl (Lycopen-β-cyclase), CrtO (β-carotene ketolase)], transgenic plants with ibAGP1 promoter, an amyloplast targeting sequence (TP1) and a single CrtO gene gave high content of keto-carotenoids and b-carotene. For fish body coloration, carotenoid extract or astaxanthin significantly made the body color of red seabreams more reddish than those of normal diet-fish in the 3 weeks feeding. In addition, the serum lysozyme activity in carotene-treated fish was significantly higher than that in normal diet-fed fish (P<0.05) in the 6 weeks feeding. In these cases, neither carotenoid extract- nor astaxanthin-contained diet did influence on growth rate and food utilization in red seabreams. These results suggested that carotenoid extract prepared in the present study may be useful in the body coloration and the enhancement of nonspecific immune response of red seabreams. Meanwhile, b-carotene (50 mM) up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a expression (PPAR-a) by about two fold in CV-1 cells, while the carotenoid extracts and astaxanthin failed to affect on the expression. Carotenoid extracts (250 mg/ml) from wild type carrot or transgenic carrots showed moderate DPPH scavenging activity.

Korean Japonica resistant rice cultivars mainly posses one of the genes, Xa1 or Xa3 for BB resistance. These resistance genes are becoming susceptible to K3a, resulting in the breakdown of resistance of Japonica cultivars. Especially, glutinous rice cultivars exhibit high susceptibility to bacterial blight(BB) in Korea. This study was carried out to develop glutinous Japonica near-isogenic lines(NILs) conferring useful single gene such as Xa2, Xa3, xa5, Xa21, etc. Six NILs conferring Xa2, Xa3, xa5, xa8, Xa14 and Xa21 genes were developed. Six NILs with Sangjuchalbyeo genetic background were selected by DNA markers and inoculation of K1, K2, K3 and K3a race. NILs having Xa14 was resistant to K1 and susceptible to K2, K3 and K3a. NILs with Xa2 and xa8 was resistant to K1, K2 and susceptible to K3 and K3a. NIL with Xa3 was resistant to K1, K2, K3, but susceptible to K3a. NIL with xa5 was resistant to K1, K2, K3, and K3a. NIL having Xa21 was susceptible to K1, while resistant to K2, K3 and K3a. Identification of xa5 and Xa21 genes were carried out by STS markers. Heading date of NILs ranged from Jul. 31 to Aug. 6. Culm length, No. of grains per panicle and ratio of ripened grain of NILs were a little different to those of Sangjuchalbyeo. Milled rice of NILs were ranged from 437kg/10a to 463. Agronomic traits of NILs containing Xa2, Xa3, xa5, xa8, Xa14 and Xa21 were similar or a little different to those of recurrent parent. These NILs would be useful to develop durable resistant glutinous varieties in Korea.

국내 선발자원 및 주산지 재배종 등 조 6계통을 대상으로 논토양에서 3년간 생육특성과 수량성을 비교하였다. 강진재래는 출수일수 64일과 출수 후 성숙일수 42일로 생육기간이 106일이었고, 중립종에 속하며, 10a 당 수량은 272kg로 황금조보다 46% 많아 유망하였다. 괴산재래는 출수일수가 강진재래와 비슷하나 출수 후 성숙 일수가 53일로 길어 생육기간이 112일이고, 중립종에 속하며, 10a 당 수량은 225kg로 황금조보다 20% 많았다. 단양재래도 괴산재래와 유사한 생육특성과 수량성을 나타냈다. 수량은 초장, 간장 및 수장과 고도로 유의한 정의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 천립중은 출수일수와 고도로 유의한 부의 상관관계를 나타내 출수일수가 길수 록 천립중이 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 국내선발, 주산지 재배종 및 도입선발한 조 자원 10계통을 대상으로 논과 밭 토양에서 생육특성과 수량성을 비교하였다. 생육기간, 초장, 수장 및 천립중 등은 논과 밭 재배에 따른 차이가 없었다. 반면에 ℓ중과 수량은 밭에서 논보다 유의하게 많았다. 특히, ℓ중은 IT195426, GWF167, IT104182, 황금조 및 GWF170이, 수량은 IT185963, IT195426, IT105182, 황금조, 강진재래 및 GWF167이 논보 다 밭 토양에서 유의하게 많았다.

For the development of SSR marker system in Vicia villosa Roth, an enriched library was constructed by using a modified biotin-streptavidin capture method and the selected clones were sequenced with GS-FLX(454). Of 37,794 sequenced reads, we found that 8,474 reads (22.4%) were redundant, leaving 29,320 unique ones (77.6%). Among the unique clones, 17,174 reads (58.6%) were having microsatellite repeating motifs. Sequence analysis of all SSR-containing reads revealed a predominance of the di-nucleotide SSRs (62.5%). The tri-nucleotide and the tetra-nucleotide SSRs were 5.7% and 22.5%, respectively. As the di-nucleotide type, the AG/GA class of repeat motif was most frequently identified (55.0% of the total di-nucleotide SSRs), followed by the CT/TC class (19.5%), and the TA/AT class (12.1%). Among the tri-nucleotide SSRs, the AGT/GTA/TAG class of repeat motifs was predominant (22.2%), followed by the ACT/CTA/TAC class (17.8%). Among the tetra-nucleotide SSRs, the CTTT/TTTC/TTCT/TCTT class of repeat motifs was predominant (31.2%), followed by the AAAG/AAGA/AGAA/ GAAA class (19.9%). Finally, we designed 779 primer pairs from the flanking sequences of SSR containing reads. We are undertaking the analysis of polymorphisms using the diverse collected accessions of Vicia villosa Roth now. This newly developed SSR marker set shall provide a very useful tool for implementing molecular diversity assessment and population structure studies of Vicia villosa Roth onward.

참깨는 참기름이나 깨소금 등 조미원료로 재배되는 전통적인 작물로 국내 참깨 생산액은 ‘08년 통계자료에 의하면 2천1백억 원 이상으로 유지작물 총 생산액의 67% 정도를 차지하고 있는 주요 유지작물이다. 그러나 국산참깨와 수입참깨에 대한 정확한 차별기준이 없어, 국산 참깨를 선호하는 소비자들에게 많은 혼란을 야기 하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 국산참깨에 대한 차별화를 위하여 유전자 부위에서 DNA 염기서열 차이를 이용한 DNA 분자마커를 개발하고자 수행하였다. 양백깨를 포함한 육성품종, 주요 유전자원 및 수입 참깨 등 48종을 시험재료로 품종간의 유의성 확인 및 차별화 분자마커를 확인하였다. 실험에 사용된 분자마커 는 국립식량과학원 전작과로부터 분양받은 246점의 STS(sequence tagged site) 분자마커를 이용하여 다형성을 확인하였다. 분자마커의 다형성 확인은 공시재료의 DNA를 추출하여 agarose 및 acrylamide gel을 이용하였다. 전체 246점의 분자마커 중 60점에 대한 분자마커 검정결과, 3점의 분자마커가 뚜렷한 다형성을 나타냈으며, 6점의 분자마커에서 minor band 다형성을 확인할 수 있었다.

The composition and distribution of seed storage proteins are important factors for eating quality such as grain flavor and quality in rice (OryzasativaL.) Rice protein disulfide isomerase (OsPDI) and binding protein (OsBIP) regulate synthesis, stability and sorting of storage proteins. We thus have tried to develop a marker protein for selection of rice cultivars which have different eating quality. Immunoblot analysis revealed that protein levels of OsPDI and OsBIP have no direct correlation with eating quality, suggesting that they may indirectly participate in control of eating quality through their-interacting partners or other regulatory mechanism.

들깨(Perilla ocimoides L.)는 꿀풀과에 속하는 1년생 초본이며, 동부 아시아 지역이 원산지로 한국, 일본, 중국 동북부 등지에서 재배되어 온 유지작물로 용도가 다양하여 종실은 강정, 차, 들깨죽, 제과용 등으로, 기름은 조미, 튀김, 부침기름, 샐러드용으로 많이 이용될 뿐만 아니라, 공업적으로는 유지, 페인트, 인쇄용 잉크 등으 로 활용되고 있다. 우리나라에서 수집된 재래종 들깨의 작물학적 특성을 조사하여 들깨 유전자원의 실용적 이용가치를 평가하고, 유전자원의 활용도를 높여 우수 품종의 육성을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 39점을 수집 충청북도 농업기술원 특작 연구포장에서 시험을 수행 후 특성평가를 실시하였다. 성숙일수는 111～138 일로 넓게 분포하였으며, 116～130일이 90%로 대부분 이었고, 115일 이하와 131일 이상은 각각 5% 이었다. 경장은 73～153cm로 수집종 간에 차이가 많았으며, 101～140cm가 80%로 가장 많았고, 100cm 이하와 141cm 이상은 각각 8%, 12% 이었다. 3. 5cm 이상의 화방군수는 61～266개로 수집종 간에 차이가 컸으며, 121～160개 가 44%로 가장 많았고, 100개 미만과 200개 이상은 각각 18%, 13%이었다. 화방군당 삭수는 26～46개 이었으 며, 31～40개가 69%로 가장 많았다. 화방군장은 7～18cm로 분포하였고, 9～14cm가 69.0%로 가장 많았다. 천립중은 3.1～5.2g으로 차이가 컸으며, 3.4～4.2g이 62%로 가장 많았고, 4.3～4.8g은 18% 였으며, 3.3g이하와 4.9g 이상은 각각 15%, 5% 이었다.

한국, 파키스탄, 중국에서 수집된 조(Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.)의 26계통들에 대하여 총 9개의 양적 및 질적 형질을 이용하여 형태적 변이를 분석하였다. 7개의 양적 형질들을 이용한 분산분석에서 각 나라에서 수집된 조 26계통들은 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 출수기 등의 형질들에서 현저한 차이를 나타냈다. 그리고 이삭길이 의 경우는 한국/파키스탄, 중국/파키스탄의 계통들에서 차이를 나타내었고, 천립중은 한국과 중국에서 수집된 계통들에서 차이를 보였다. 반면에 각 나라에서 수집된 조 계통들은 분얼수에서 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 한편 주성분 분석의 결과에서는 한국에서 수집된 15계통과 중국에서 수집된 2계통들이 제 1축의 오른쪽에 위치하였고, 파키스탄의 수집 계통들과 중국에서 수집된 2계통들은 제 1축의 왼쪽에 위치하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 분석에 이용된 7개의 양적 형질들 중에서 특히 초장, 엽수, 마디수, 출수기 등의 형질들은 한국, 파키스탄 그리고 중국의 조 계통들을 식별하는데 유용한 형질들로 생각되었다. 본 연구 결과는 앞으로 동아시아에서 조 유전자원들의 지리적 분포에 따른 형태적 변이성을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으 로 기대된다.

본 연구는 AFLP 분자마커를 이용하여 국내 및 국외에서 수집된 조(Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) 37계통 (국내 26계통, 파키스탄과 중국 11계통)들에 대하여 유전적 다양성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 분석에 이용된 9개의 AFLP primer 조합들에서 총 171개의 DNA fragment를 확인하였고, 그 중 147(85.96%)개가 다형성 band를 나타 냈다. 9개의 AFLP primer 조합들에서 나타난 다형성 band의 수는 E-AAG/M-CTT primer 조합에서 10(74.43%) 개로 가장 낮은 수의 다형성 밴드를, 그리고 E-ACT/M-CAC primer 조합에서는 17(94.44%)개로 가장 높은 수의 다형성 밴드를 각각 나타내었다. 이들 9개의 AFLP primer 조합들에서 측정된 평균 phenotypic diversity 값은 국내 수집종인 GroupⅠ에서 3.62를, 그리고 국외 수집종인 GroupⅡ에서 2.81를 각각 나타내었다. 한편 UPGMA 분석 결과에 의하면, 유전적 유사성 0.77수준에서 크게 2개의 그룹으로 나뉘어졌는데. 첫 번째 Group Ⅰ에는 파키스탄 수집종과 국내 수집종이 포함되어있었고, 두 번째 GroupⅡ에는 중국 수집종과 국내 수집종 이 각각 포함되어 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 및 국외에서 수집된 조 작물의 유전적 다양성을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

and distribution of seed storage proteins are responsible for the quality of soybean and seed development. Among storage proteins, lipoxygenase isoforms (Mw. ~97 kDa) play a major role in the distinct bean flavor during storage. In this study, we compared three soybean elite cultivars viz., JIMPUM, JINPUM2 and TANMI2 (lipoxygenase null mutants, originated from Japan) along with WILLIAMS 82 (control plant, USA) to determine the seed storage proteins by proteomic approach. Phenotype of the mature seeds showed the variation in seed coat, color and appearance. Total seed proteins of the above cultivars were subjected to two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The resulted protein profiling showed the intensity of the different quantitative spots varied among the four cultivars. We are now investigating by using other proteomic tool and the resulted difference in proteins may helpful in quality improvement or the functional roles in the seed development.

Rice with purple colored pericarp deposit anthocyanin on the seed coat and color accumulation increased rapidly during seed development. The purple color of rice pericarp is genetically determined by the Prp locus. Inheritance of purple pericarp was studied in Prp/ Kumgangbyeo (indica type Korean variety). Pericarp color of the F1 plants was purple and the F2 population of 274 plants segregated into 3 purple: 1 white ratio indicating dominant nature of the purple color. Comparative proteomic approaches using 2-DE were applied to analyze the protein profiles and molecular mechanism of purple color formation in ricepericarp. Results revealed that approximately 1,500protein spots were reproducibly detected in the gels with silver staining across the two biological replicates. Among them, 46 proteins were expressed differentially between purple color pericarp rice and white color pericarp of the wild type rice, in which 28 and 16 protein spots were more than two fold up regulated in the wild type and purple pericarp, respectively. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of nine spots revealed that putative fructokinase,embryo-specific protein and one unknown proteins were abundant in the wild type, whereas, anthocyanidin synthase, putative chloroplast inner envelope protein, and dihydroflavonol reductase were highly abundant in the Prp rice. Results indicated anthocyanidin synthase and/or dihydroflavonol reductase might be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the purple color formation in the rice pericarp. [This research was supported by the Grant funded by Agricultural R&D Promotion Center, ARPC (IPET project number: 108091-05-1-CG000)].

Temperature rise during grain filling stage by global warming causes deterioration in rice yield and quality. This study was conducted to investigate proper panicle traits for improving grain filling under high temperature. A total of 40 Korean rice cultivars were grouped according to maturation period and exposed to high temperature during grain filling stage in greenhouse with ventilating fans. Average temperature in greenhouse was 1.1～1.5oC higher than ambient condition. Main panicle traits such as number of spikelets per panicle, number of primary rachis branches(PRBs) and secondary rachis branches(SRBs) per panicle, number of spikelets setting on PRBs and SRBs were counted after harvest and their relationship with grain ripened ratio was investigated. Grain ripened ratio under high temperature showed significant negative correlations with number of spikelets per panicle, number of total rachis branches, number of SRBs, number of total and average spikelets setting on SRBs, and ratio of number of SRBs to number of PRBs. Especially, number of total and average spikelets setting on SRBs showed highly negative correlations with ripened grain ratio, which implies grain filling under high temperature might have been more severely decreased in the cultivars with bigger sink size due to higher number of spikelets setting on SRBs.