상가건물 임대차 계약에서 임차인의 권리보장은 소상공인에게는 생존의 문제이다. 상가임차인의 안정적인 영업기간과 보증금 등을 보장하기 위해 2002년「상가건물임대차보호법」을 제정, 2013년 8월까지 모두 7 차례나 개정하였다. 그러나 법규정 미비, 법해석상 혼란 및 임대인의 악용으로 동법의 실효성이 여전히 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 상가임대차 실태분석을 토대로 동법의 문제점을 도출하고, 이의개선방안을 제시하는 것이다. 전국 소상공인을 상대로 8,000개 유효 표본을 분석한 결과 보호대상범위, 임대료 인상 상한선, 임차인의 계약갱신요구권 등의 문제점을 도출하였으며, 이의 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상가임차인의 보호비율을 확대하려면 상가건물임대차보호법의 적용대상을 확대하는 방향으로 상가건물임대차보호법이 개정되어야 한다. 둘째, 보증금액의 상한제를 유지하면서 월차임을 보증금에 환산시키지 않아야 함과 동시에 시행령 개정을 통하여 연 12% 월차임 전환률을 하향 조정할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 최장존속기간의 개선방안으로 임대차계약갱신청구권을 현행 5년에서 최소 7년 또는 10년으로 연장하는 방안이 타당하다.

불교상담치료사로서 갖춰야 할 자세에 대해 검토를 했다. 주안점은 칼 로저스가 말한, 치료사로서 갖춰야 할 세 가지 기본자세에 대한 설명이었다. 로저스의 관점을 불교적 관점에서 비춰보기도 했다. 불 교상담치료사로서 상담 상황에서 부딪치게 되는 문제들, 곧 저항, 전 이, 역전이의 문제를 어떻게 보고 다루어야 할지에 대해 간략하나마 그 리뷰를 해봤다. 불교상담치료사는 명상에 대한 풍부한 경험이 필 요하고, 개인 발달 심리에 대한 공부에도 큰 관심을 가질 필요가 있 다. 성숙한 치료사가 되기 위해서는 무엇보다도, 불교에서는 말하는 보살 정신을 구현하는데 있음을 상기해야 한다. 이러한 안목이 상담 테크닉 보다 더 소중한 가치임을 강조했다.

Pliny the Elder said that multiple cultures agree that the painting began as a shadow trace. A daughter of Butades, the potter in Corinth, traced an outline around a man's shadow, and it was the very beginning of painting. In this anecdote, the profile, i. e. the portrait substitutes body of the absent lover. It makes the absent body present and replaces his place. In this context Hans Belting put the anthropological value to this visual practice. Human being made images to cope actively with the shock of death and the disappearing of body. With the aid of the representation of the bodily presence, the image struggles to resist the death. This paper is a study on the critical meaning of representation in the context of bodily survival by image. The representation is the paradoxical trick of consciousness, an ability to see something as 'there' and 'not there' at the same time. So the connection between image and the body would be suspicious. Although this relation was tight in the ancient shadow painting and the medieval effigies, the modern visual practice forsakes this connection and exposes the trick of representation. It insists that image was not real and even expels the medieval visual practice from the boundary of fine arts. The genealogy of the portraiture is formed by two different visual practices. The belief and the disbelief in the image are observed in the process of representation and anti-representation, and this ambivalence transforms the ontological meaning of portrait in the visual representation.

Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4 (CZTSSe) thin films were prepared by sulfurization of evaporated precursor thin films. Precursor was prepared using evaporation method at room temperature. The sulfurization was carried out in a graphite box with S powder at different temperatures. The temperatures were varied in a four step process from 520˚C to 580˚C. The effects of the sulfurization temperature on the micro-structural, morphological, and compositional properties of the CZTSSe thin films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD and Raman results showed that the sulfurized thin films had a single kesterite crystal CZTSSe. From the FE-SEM and TEM results, the Mo(Sx,Se1-x)2 (MoSSe) interfacial layers of the sulfurized CZTS thin films were observed and their thickness was seen to increase with increasing sulfurization temperature. The microstructures of the CZTSSe thin films were strongly related to the sulfurization temperatures. The voids in the CZTSSe thin films increased with the increasing sulfurization temperature.

The main cause of building fire fatalities occur in the combustible material heat, smoke and toxic gases are. Building interior decoration, etc., especially as much of the harmful substances generated during combustion, and, used in domestic architecture wallpaper, ceiling, and other plastics, built-in foam insulation also analyzed recognition of fire hazards approach to test the conkalrorimiteo test, choedaeyeolbangchulryul through, chongbal heat, mass loss rate, generates carbon monoxide gas hazard ratio tests, analysis and evaluation rigid foam index testing the toxicity of hazardous material generated by performing a gas clean up and assess the material test results, the minimum order to provide data to quantify the risk of fire. Ensure fire safety of building materials, composite materials in order to test the various risk factors could be considered organic to the introduction of testing and evaluation is needed urgently.

선불교는 동아시아 불교 문화권에서 창의적으로 발달시킨 불교문 화의 정수(精髓)이다. 선(禪)은 학문적 소양에 기반을 둔 것이 아니 다. 선은 발달 초기부터 수행에 그 기반을 두고 있다. 참선 수행이란 소위 화두(話頭)라고 하는 언구를 스승으로부터 받아, 이를 마음속에 붙들고 끊임없이 의심을 하는 집중 수행이랄 수 있다. 하지만 선 수 행의 초심자들은 이런 선 수행의 모호함과 막연함으로 인해 수행 중 에 흔히 여러 유형의 정신적 갈등이 노출되곤 한다. 이러한 연유로 인해 화두를 내려준 경험 있는 노련한 선사로부터의 지도가 반드시 필요하다고 한다. 이것은 마치 정신치료 전문가가 되기 위해 정신치 료 교과서에 의존해서는 안 되고, 반드시 정신분석적 임상 경험이 풍 부한 스승의 점검을 받아야 되는 이치와 같다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 드물지만 경우에 따라 선 체험은 스스로의 노력에 의해 자 발적으로 체득되어지기도 한다. 저자는 여기서 최근에 개인적으로 체험한 공(空)의 경험을 사실적으로 기술하고 있다. 아울러 저자는 선 센터를 찾아가 몸소 관찰하고 겪은 경험도 기술하고 있다. 정신 역동에 대한 저자의 임상적 경험을 토대로, 선 수행에 따른 정신 역 동의 과정을 나름 추론하여, 임의적이나 잠정적 가설도 제시하고 있 다. 한 가지 화두를 예를 들어, 이에 대한 해석을 곁들이고 있다. 향 후 선 체험에 대해서, 정신분석학적 상상력을 활용한 이해의 연구가 더욱 필요하다는 의견이다.

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae는 시아노박테리아 일종이며 anatoxin-a, saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin 등의 독소를 생산할 수 있어 국내에서는 식품원료로 사용이 금지되어있다. 전통적으로 시아노박테리아는 사상체 넓이, 세포 크기, 분열방법, 세포형태, 가스주머니의 존재유무 등의 형태학적 특징에 의한 분류가 가능하다. 그러나 가스주머니 혹은 무성 포자와 같은 특징은 주변 환경 또는 생장조건에 따라 차이가 있으며 경우에 따라 소실되기도 한다. 따라서 PCR에 의한 Aph. flos-aquae를 함유하는 기능식품을 검출할 수 있는 분석법을 개발하였다. 프라이머를 설계하기 위하여 유전자은행(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)에 등록되어있는 Aph. flos-aquae, 스피루리나의 16S rRNA 염기서열을 이용하였으며, 비교 및 분석에는 BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 최종적으로 클로렐라, 스피루리나, 녹차, 시금치로부터 Aph. flos-aquae를 검출할 수 있는 AFA-F1/AFAR1 (363 bp) 프라이머를 최종 선정하였다. 그리고 상기 프라이머는 Aph. flos-aquae가 각각 1% 함유 되도록 제조된 클로렐라, 스피루리나 제품에서 모두 혼입여부의 확인이 가능함을 확인하였다.

ZnO thin films co-doped with Mg and Ga (MxGyZzO, x+y+z=1, x=0.05, y=0.02 and z=0.93) were preparedon glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with different sputtering powers ranging from 100W to 200W at a substratetemperature of 350oC. The effects of the sputtering power on the structural, morphological, electrical, and optical propertiesof MGZO thin films were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that all the MGZO thin films were grown asa hexagonal wurtzite phase with the preferred orientation on the c-axis without secondary phases such as MgO, Ga2O3, orZnGa2O4. The intensity of the diffraction peak from the (0002) plane of the MGZO thin films was enhanced as the sputteringpower increased. The (0002) peak positions of the MGZO thin films was shifted toward, a high diffraction angle as thesputtering power increased. Cross-sectional field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the MGZO thin filmsshowed that all of these films had a columnar structure and their thickness increased with an increase in the sputtering power.MGZO thin film deposited at the sputtering power of 200W showed the best electrical characteristics in terms of the carrierconcentration (4.71×1020cm−3), charge carrier mobility (10.2cm2V−1s−1) and a minimum resistivity (1.3×10−3Ωcm). A UV-visible spectroscopy assessment showed that the MGZO thin films had high transmittance of more than 80% in the visibleregion and that the absorption edges of MGZO thin films were very sharp and shifted toward the higher wavelength side, from270nm to 340nm, with an increase in the sputtering power. The band-gap energy of MGZO thin films was widened from3.74eV to 3.92eV with the change in the sputtering power.

도시화 효과가 여름 강수에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 2010년 8월 13일부터 9월 3일까지 수도권 집중관측(ProbeX-2010)을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 다음의 두 가지 현상들이 발견되었다. 첫째, 관측 기간 동안 약한 강수(≤1 mm hr-1)가 다른 지역보다 서울 풍하측 지역에서 더 자주 발생하였으며, 이는 최근 5년(2006-2010) 자료에서도 확인되었다. 약한 강수는 주로 서울 풍하측 산악 지역에서 야간에 더 자주 발생하였기 때문에 이는 도시지형 뿐만 아니라 산악 지형의 복합적인 효과로 여겨진다. 둘째, 간헐적으로 대류 시스템이 서울 풍하측에서 급격하게 발달해 호우를 야기했다. 이는 특히 8월 27일 1300-1500 KST의 일련의 레이더 영상에서 뚜렷하게 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 이 강수 사례에 대한 종관 국지적 날씨 특성과 고층 대기 특성을 자세히 분석하였다. 그 결과 도시지형과 연관된 지표 현열 증가뿐만 아니라 조건부 불안정 대기 상태(특히 대기 하층)와 대기 하층의 습기 유입이 도시화 효과와 연관된 대류성 호우를 야기하는 중요한 요소로 제시되었다.

초장대 사장교 Prototype 설계를 위한 내풍구조 특성을 분석하기 위하여 기존 장경간 사장교의 가설계 및 완성계에 대한 동적구조특성을 분석하고, 가상의 1,500m급 초장대 사장교의 동적구조특성을 추정하여 풍동실험을 수행함으로써 내풍안정성이 우수한 보강형 단면을 도출하였다. 경제성을 고려하여 유선형 강박스 보강형 단면을 가진 주경간장 1,200m의 초장대 사장교를 Prototype 설계안으로 선정하였으며, 가설단계를 포함한 3차원 공탄성모형에 대한 풍동실험을 수행하고, 국내외 대표적인 장경간 사장교와 풍응답 특성을 비교 검토한 결과 설계풍속이내에서 와류진동이나 플러터와 같은 유해한 진동현상이 발생하지 않으므로 Prototype 설계안은 우수한 내풍구조 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가된다.

Chalcogenide-based semiconductors, such as CuInSe2, CuGaSe2, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), and CdTe have attracted considerable interest as efficient materials in thin film solar cells (TFSCs). Currently, CIGS and CdTe TFSCs have demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 11% in module production. However, commercialized CIGS and CdTe TFSCs have some limitations due to the scarcity of In, Ga, and Te and the environmental issues associated with Cd and Se. Recently, kesterite CZTS, which is one of the In- and Ga- free absorber materials, has been attracted considerable attention as a new candidate for use as an absorber material in thin film solar cells. The CZTS-based absorber material has outstanding characteristics such as band gap energy of 1.0 eV to 1.5 eV, high absorption coefficient on the order of 104cm-1, and high theoretical conversion efficiency of 32.2% in thin film solar cells. Despite these promising characteristics, research into CZTS-based thin film solar cells is still incomprehensive and related reports are quite few compared to those for CIGS thin film solar cells, which show high efficiency of over 20%. The recent development of kesterite-based CZTS thin film solar cells is summarized in this work. The new challenges for enhanced performance in CZTS thin films are examined and prospective issues are addressed as well.

2010년 8월 13일부터 9월 3일까지 수도권지역에서 집중관측(Predictability and Observation Experiment of Korea-2010, ProbeX-2010)이 수행되었으며, 그 일환으로 동두천, 인천공항, 양평에서 6시간 간격으로 라디오존데 관측이 실행되었다. 관측기간 동안 우리나라의 전형적인 호우 패턴인 스콜선형, 정체전선형, 태풍 전면 수렴형, 열대저압부형, 태풍 직접형 호우가 연속적으로 발생하였다. 8월 15일 03 KST 경에는 스콜선형 구름대가 수도권 지역에서 발달하였다. 따뜻하고 습한 하층 공기 위로 건조한 중층 공기가 유입되어 강한 대류 불안정이 형성되었으며 이로 인해 호우가 발생하였다. 8월 23일부터 26일, 8월 27일부터 29일은 각각 정체전선과 태풍 전면 수렴대의 영향을 받아 강우가 발생하였다. 정체전선형 강우 초기에는 열적 불안정이 우세하게 나타났으나 강우 후기에는 역학적 불안정이 강화되었다. 이 기간 중 특히 강한 강수는 서해상에서 남풍류 하층 제트가 발달한 8월 25일에 발생하였다. 태풍 전면 수렴형 강우기간에는 열적 불안정과 역학적 불안정이 모두 유지되는 특징을 보였다. 이 기간 중 특히 강한 강수는 높은 상당온위(〉345 K)를 가진 열대 공기가 대기 중하층에 거쳐 유입되었을 때 발생하였다. 8월 27일과 9월 2일에는 각각 열대저압부와 태풍 곤파스의 영향에 의해 강우가 발생하였다. 이 사례들 동안에는 역학적 불안정이 매우 강하게 발달하였다.

Not only in the text, but also with the text, linguistic image comes into being. This means that it cannot only be interpreted, but it can also be presented physically. Here begins the issue of ‘presence culture’ as a relative concept of ‘meaning culture’. The so-called ‘pictorial/iconic turn’ sheds light on this material character of text. The text as a type of image presents itself sensately and enters spatially into relations with us. This iconization of text reminds us of the long history regarding the connection between image and text. In artistic tradition, such as text-labyrinth, micrography and concrete poem, the iconic text produces the meaning not only with the aid of grammatical structure, but also with visual sequence. The characters as abstract elements produce a visual form, and they create sensation and life in its visual sequence. The text constitutes a meta-code of image, in that it makes a visual form as such, and the image also becomes a meta-code of text because it restructures the text visually. In this way, image and text coalesce in a type of circular and dialectic relationship. This conglomerate finds a possibility in the artificial life art and bio art. In the artistic practice of computer algorithm and DNA scripts, it has an opportunity to be changed not only into aesthetic life but also into real life. The combination of characters does not make a sentence nor a visual form, but builds levels where real life can be emergent. Although we cannot explain why, there is a marvellous change, while the characters are combined, arranged, and changed chemically, physiologically, and electrically. Indeed, this kind of emergence of life completes the idea of presence. The image. or the text. does not only represent the reality, it also constitutes levels of life, presents itself, and becomes a life.

Workers in logistics centers also are exposed to serious musculoskeletal disorders the same as workers in general manufacturing due to operating forklifts and other labor duties. The frequency of these work related injuries decreases, workers' job satisfaction In addition, it causes many employees questioning a job change, which is regarded as the primary factor which drops the productivity. In this paper, we conducted a survey ti perceive the correlation between work related injuries in the fields of distribution centers and job satisfaction. Furthermore we made statistical analysis with our findings. The results of our analysis showed that the frequency of work related injuries due to workers' repetitive loading and unloading work is the primary factor which lowers job satisfaction. In order to improve aforementioned problem we propose first of all loading and unloading on pallet basis, second of all automation and computerization of logistics systems, and third of all ensurinf sufficient break time.

Logistics company strives for satisfaction of customer service. the internal clients of corporation, the engineers of driver enhance their thinking about customer orientation by education of important about customer services. the study reached the conclusion that result which analyzed the important fact of enhancing customer orientation strategy by AHP show an ability of dealing with customer improves customer orientation strategy. because the desire of customer is various, it is difficult to have standard of dealing thought, the program of improvement of dealing ability should be developed and trained to improve customer orientation.

본 연구는 한려해상국립공원 특별보호구로 지정된 히어리군락의 생육상태와 향후 자생지의 지속적인 보전 및 관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 분석하였다. 히어리군락은 계곡부에 위치하고 있었으며, 암 및 자갈 노출도가 60%이상으로 식피율이 낮게 나타났고 계곡범람으로 조사구의 훼손과 교란현상이 나타나고 있었다. 히어리군락의 교목층은 졸참나무와 소나무가 우점하였으며, 아교목층은 히어리, 당단풍, 사람주나무, 편백, 산딸나무가 우점하였다. 관목층은 작살나무, 청미래덩굴 등이 우점하였으며, 초본층은 애기나리 등이 우점하였다. 계곡부에 위치한 히어리군락의 3년동안(2008∼2010년) 생육기인 5∼9월의 강수량 및 강우일수는 점차 증가하여 침식 및 훼손 등의 교란가능성이 높았으며 히어리가 주로 수광량이 높은 계곡부에 분포함으로서 성숙된 종자의 산포가 토양층이 얕은 계곡으로 분산되어 유묘 발생에 의한 개체군 증가가 빈약하였다.

We investigated the eating habits and food preferences of middle school students to provide material for establishing dietary and nutritional education at the elementary level. We questioned 270 male and female students attending certain middle schools in the Daegu area about their eating habits and food preferences. Eating habits were found to be most regular for students in families where only one parent worked and irregular for students in families where both parents worked. There was a positive correlation between a higher level of academic education of the father and the frequency of consumption of instant foods. There was also a positive correlation between a higher level of academic education of the mother and the frequency of snack consumption. Male students had a higher preference for consuming animal foods than did female students. Students that lived in extended families tented to have a higher preference for vegetable foods. On the other hand, students that lived in nuclear families and students that lived in families where both parents worked preferred snacks more. Based on these results, parental employment and academic education level influences the eating habits and food preferences of middle school students.

A field study was conducted to compare growth, feed utilization and nutrient excretions by feeding extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP). Slow growing flounder were used as the experimental animal to find out a prominent result in terms of growth and feed utilization. Weight gain of fish fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks reached 105.3 g for EP and 107.1 g for MP, while fresh feed intake was 98.7 g for EP and 279.4 g for MP. Feed conversion ratio was 0.94 and 2.61 for EP and MP, respectively which was 0.77 and 0.94 when corrected on dry matter basis. Even though protein efficiency ratio (2.26 vs 2.21), specific growth rate (0.69% vs 0.70%), daily weight gain (2.06 g vs 2.10 g) and mortality (4.0% vs 4.1%) were similar between EP and MP, protein retention efficiency of fish fed EP was superior (53.3%) to that of fish fed MP (39.6%). Protein intake of fish for 8 weeks was similar from 52.3 g for EP to 53.3 g for MP, while protein gain was higher in fish fed EP (27.9 g) than in fish fed MP (21.1 g). Protein excretion by feeding EP and MP reached 232 g and 300 g, respectively per kg gain, suggesting that protein loads could be greatly reduced in practical culture system through the use of EP. Phosphorus (P) intake was much lower in fish fed EP (1.63 g) than in fish fed MP (2.18 g), while retention of P was higher in fish fed EP (0.88 g) than in fish fed MP (0.78 g), showing the retention efficiency of 54.0% and 35.9%, respectively. Fish fed EP excreted 7.1 g of P per kg gain which was much lower than that of fish fed MP (13.1 g). The present results clearly showed that EP feeding for flounder is not only productive but also environmentally friendly.

Recently, we see almost everyday in our society the non-educative incidents such as corruption and evasion of the law are reported in the media which were committed by a group called leadership of society. In this circumstances, we would like to review the meaning of nation and the role of intellectuals. First of all, nation may connote many meanings but primarily we can understand its image from the aspect of community conception. Even though, with the stream of times, our understanding of nation is changing and is expressed through diversified theories, the nature of community is not changing. But such community is definitely not a general one and has no basic legitimacy. But it is based only on freedom, equality, justice and publicness, and materialized in the concept of human rights and the realization of humanity. This materialization is continuously and newly established and criticized by the role and function of nation and the justification of nation's power. Therefore nation should be a supreme ruling group, and at the same time a minimum ruling group to individuals. The nation's role and justification should accompany universal understanding about human, and its existence shall be justified by the activities for these. And it shall be given when it protects touches of humanity and guarantees the rights to live like a human being and disengagedness. Then what shall be the role of intellectuals in the above mentioned 'nation'? First of all, the intellectuals transcend educated people. The intellectuals mean educated people who are participating public domain on the basis of their knowledge and philosophical view. In other words, the role of intellectuals of this generation requires understanding of diversified community type, enhancing duplicating spirit of community and establishing directivity for this. The intellectuals shall have roles of criticism and warning when nation's reason for being is not achieved and nation has lost its justification by abandoning common good, human rights and principle of justice. That shall be a performance of the very role of intellectuals, which they are criticizing and correcting nation's abandonment of its reason of existence and nation's power turns to operating as violence. The relationship between nation and intellectuals of this generation shall position in realizing touches of humanity with universal intelligence and in maintaining and realizing necessary spirit of community. This is an understanding of universal humanity and universal community spirit, and means the materialization process of such understanding.