This study examined the cultural dietary habits as well as attitudes toward food, within other life pattern elements, of students living in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea. Questionnaires from 1,000 student respondents were analyzed. The survey consisted of questions regarding physical condition and health status, dietary consciousness, food preference, knowledge of food and nutrition, and dietary culture. The results showed that 1.6% of the students considered their own physical condition to be extremely poor, and 2.7% and 2.1% also considered their father's and mother's physical conditions as extremely poor, respectively. Among the respondents, 18.3% were smokers and consumed an average of 14.8 cigarettes per day. With regard to their dietary habits, the students answered that they preferred to eat meals with friends rather than with family members, fruit was chosen for eating over health food supplements, and there was very little participation or interest in various food and cultural festivals. The female students had a tendency to alleviate mental stresses by eating, while the male students performed more physical activity to deal with stress. The female students also preferred cereal, fruit, fast food, and sweetened foods more than the male students. Between the smokers and non-smokers, significantly more non-smokers chose fruit (p<0.01), ethnic foods (p<0.05), and sweetened foods (p<0.05) as compared to the smokers. Body mass index (BMI) had significant positive correlations with soft drink (p<0.01), health food supplement (p<0.01), and alcoholic beverage (p<0.001) consumption, while BMI was negatively correlated with cereal (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.001), and sweetened food (p<0.01) intake. The health status of students was positively correlated with their father's health status (p<0.01), mother's health status (p<0.001), and BMI (p<0.05), as well as cereal (p<0.001), high protein side dish (p<0.01), fruit (p<0.01), vegetable (p<0.01), and traditional food (p<0.001) intake. The average body weight for female students was approximately 5 kg less than the Korean Nutrition Society's standardized weight, therefore, it is strongly recommended that measures be taken to develop a systematic nutrition education program that would help those students who often unintentionally skip breakfast or go on extreme diets to improve body image.

The purpose of this study was to elicit types of food-related lifestyle of undergraduates and to examine the relationship between each ape of food-related lifestyle and an attribute of selecting a restaurant. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by 368 students and data were analysed by frequency, factor, reliability and canonical correlation. Five factors were obtained from factor analysis of food-related lifestyle ; Factor1 'health seeking type', Factor2 'taste seeking type', Factor3 'Popularity seeking type', Factor4 'safety seeking type', Factor5 'mood seeking type'. Restaurant selection attribute were extracted into six factors, Factor1 'taste and service', Factor2 'interior‘, Factor3 'convenient for approach', Factor4 'marketing strategy', Factor5 'food quality', Factor6 ’menu and price‘ Canonical correlation analysis showed two significant functions. Canonical function1 showed that food-related lifestyles of taste seeking type and safety seeking type were indicated to have significant positive relationships with the food qualify, taste and service in the restaurant selection attributes. Canonical function2 also showed that a significant positive relationships between health seeking type and accessibility, and a significant negative relationships between health seeking type and taste & service and between health seeking type and menu & price. Finally the result of the study provide some insight into the types of marketing stratagem that can be effectively used by operator who manage restaurant.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the factors which university students feel as stress in their daily life and the correlation between these and their eating habits. The subject are students enrolled at 'H' university in Asan. There are 801 students who response for this research. We surveyed and analyzed the correlation between the life stress and eating habit of university students. It is analyzed that the objects suffered stress most by 'schooling' and 'job complication.' Surveying the general eating habit of university students, it is found that they do not eat meal regularly, i.e., 'average meals (40.9%)' and 'irregular meal(35.2%).' No significant difference was observed in the regularity of meals between sexes. When it comes to overeating or voracity, male students answered 'sometimes(77.6%)' or 'often(22.5%)', but female students answered 'sometimes(66.2%)' or 'often(28.2%)', which means that female students are more frequent in overeating or voracity. The frequency of eating snack is more than once a day 60.1% in female students and 47.3% in male students, which shows that the rate of female students is much higher than that of male students. Surveying the correlation between stress that male and female university students suffer and the regular meal, we found that both of them tend to eat meal irregularly if they are stressed. Comparing the stress for its factor, male students eat meal irregularly if they are stressed by 'schooling' and female students eat meal irregularly if they are stressed by 'figure.' Checking the correlation between stress and time spent for meal, it is found that while male students eat meal in a hurry when they are stressed by 'job affair', female students do so when they are stressed by 'home economy. Analyzing the correlation between frequency of snack and stress, both male and female tend to eat snack more frequently when they are stressed more. In general, males like the oily food more than male, but when students get stresses, females want to eat oily food than male. Analyzing the correlation between stress and preferential menu, males like green vegetables, sea food in the life get less stresses than others Females like a menu of meat get higher stress than others.

This study attempts to examine the differences of consumption cultures between Korean and China by analysing the consumption life style.<BR> This study extracts clothing habits, eating habits and shopping patterns from consumption life style and distributes 588 questionnaires to university students of Korea and China.<BR> The analysis results are as follows:<BR> There are no differences of fashion orientation and convenience orientation about clothing habits, planned buying orientation, impulsive buying orientation and new product buying orientation about shopping patterns between Korea and China. But there are differences of personality orientation about clothing habits, healthy food orientation and convenience food orientation about eating habits, famous brand buying orientation, internet buying orientation and environment protection product buying orientation about shopping patterns between Korea and China.<BR> The results offer suggestions to international marketers that different marketing strategy is very necessary according to different consumption cultures.

This study was carried out to compared the characteristics of the underweight university students with those of overweight university students. The surey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 97 underweight and 156 overweight university students. The results are summarized as fellows. Breakfast was skipped in 37.1% of underweight and 46.2% of overweight students and it appeared overweight students eat faster than underweight students. The 16.5% of underweight and 75.0% of overweight students have correct perception about their body image. The percentage of weight control experience were 25.8and 55.8 in the underweight and overweight students, respectively. Blood levels of lipid profiles(triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol), hemoglobin, AST and ALT were anaylzed. Plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of underweight students were 96.41, 143.75, 97.53 and 56.27 mg/dl, and those of overweight students were 107.99, 164.31, 100.08 and 53.64 mg/dl, respectively. Blood parameters were in normal range in both group. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels o( overweight students were higher than those of underweight students. On the other hand, plasma HDL cholesterol levels of overweight students were lower than those of underweight students. Plasma levels of AST and ALT were in normal range in both group. However, AST and ALT levels of overweight students were higher than that of underweight students. Therefore they should have a nutritional education program to improve their dietary and living habits for overweight students' health. And nutritional education program should be organized practically and systematically

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary and the living habits of 606 university students located in the Chonnam area. The subjects included 290 freshmen (47.9%) and 316 undergraduate students (52.1%). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Most students (73.9%) skipped breakfast because of lack of time (65.8%) of the cases. Self-reported eating habits problems were eating irregular meal (52.8%), overeating (21.1%), unbalance diet (13.0%) and skipping meal (7.3%). The type of favorite snack was biscuit (31.8%) and cup Ramyon(31.8%). The weight control was higher in freshmen compared to undergraduate. The rates of smoking in freshmen and undergraduate were 21.0% and 26.6% respectively. The coffee intake and alcohol drinking frequency was higher in undergraduate compared to freshmen. The living habits of undergraduate students were undesirable. Therefore they should have a nutritional program to improve their food habits and the dietary behaviors for students' health. And nutritional education program should be organized practically and systematically.

This study was performed in order to investigate to dietary behavior, perceived stress level and their correlations for University students. Dietry behavior of 72% subjects was poor and only 1.8% was good. The dietary behavior of subjects was correlated with their residence type. The overage stress point was 1.76±0.53 and female students was more stressed than male. Stress elevate the food uptakes and digestion disorder in female students. 12 Factors of stress was analyzed in University students, identification, study, friends and off-school activity related factors were more influenced in female students and health related factor was dominant in male. The subjects who more stressed in factor of religion and around people were preferred salty taste. Study, friends, health related stress factor effect to digestion and food uptake level. Religion, boy or girl friends and sex related stress factor effect to alcohol uptake

This study was performed to investigate nutritional intake, the dietary behaviors and plasma lipid profile between smokers and non-smokers of college male students in the Gyeonggi Area. Dietary behaviors and attitude toward smoking were investigated by questionnaires. The result obtained were as follows: There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors. However, smokers tended to eat more snacks and desserts than nonsmokers. In plasma lipid levels, smokers had higher levels of plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol than that of non-smokers(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was a lower than that of non-smokers although the difference was not significant. AI(Atherogenic Index), Total /HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of smokers were significantly higher than that of non-smokers(p<0.01). BMI and SBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.01) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01). DBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01).

The purpose of this study was to know the perception on acne for the college students to provide basic data for the suitable care of acne. Self-administrated questionnaires were completed by 641 college students. Dietary attitude, food habit, general perceptions on acne, knowledge level on acne, and relationship perception between special food and acne were analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. Self reported health status, smoking, obesity index were significantly different by experience of acne. 2. Dietary attitude and food habits were not significantly different by experience of acne. 3. Acne experienced subjects had acne on their face mostly and responded positively to specialized treatment. Proportions of getting the knowledge on acne were 40.6% from friends, 35.4% from magazine and 21.7% from TV or radio. 4. Proportions of correctly answered for the questions about pregnancy, hair cosmetics, oily food, male hormone, family history, constipation related with acne were less than 50% for acne experienced subjects. 92.5% of acne experienced subjects were answered eating chocolate, nut, and fat were related with breaking out and aggravating of acne. Perceptions on breaking out factors and aggravating factors of acne were not significantly different by gender. 5. More than 70% acne experienced subjects stated that instant foods, oily foods, meats, cookies, nuts were related with developing and aggravating acne. Soybean, Seaweed, fermented fish were recognized as less related with developing and aggravating acne.

This study was to investigate the food habits and the dietary behaviors of university students. Questionnaires were completed by 492 students in five different departments. The data were analyzed by SAS program. The results are summarized as follows: Fifty(10.2%) of respondents were vegetarians, 81(16.4%) were heavy meat eaters and all the others were light meat eaters. All students had their biggest meal at supper. Three hundred and ninety-three(79.9%) of the respondents usually had rice for breakfast. Three hundred -sixteen(64.2%) ate 3 meals a day, 155(31.5%) ate 2 meals and all the others ate 1 meal or more than 3 meals. The length of mealtime was 30 minutes in 268(54.5%), 10 minutes in 209(42.5%) and more than 1 hour in all the others. Respondents considered taste the most important meal factor with nutrition, hygiene, and amount ranked accordingly. A majority(63.0%) of respondents ate occasionally ate between meals, while 28.1% snacked frequently, and 8.9% ate no snacks. Although nutrition dept. students had studied nutrition subject, some results of nutrition dept. students were desirable and others were undesirable in dietary behaviors. Therefore they should have a nutritional education program to improve their food habits and the dietary behaviors for students' health. And nutritional education program should be organized practically and systematically.

The purpose of this study was to establish marketing strategy and efficiency management of the department of occupational therapy in the University and College. The subject population included 890 students from six college and five university in National area. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire in a period from April 5 to May 5, 2001. The results are as follows: 1. It appeared that regarding criteria for selection of college by among students’ in the University and College, two type of college (University and College) were motivation of job obtain. 2. It appeared that regarding satisfaction of college life, University students are more satisfied than college students. Also it appeared that regarding satisfaction of department’s operation and environment of educations, University students are more satisfied than college students. 3. The opinion of development in the college setting efforts to develop of field-based learning curriculum. Also, in the university setting to obtain of able professor.

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of health and food related behavior of college students in Wonju area. Questionnaires were delivered personally to 430 students. The 37.9% of subjects were self-boarded and 27.4% lived in their home in Wonju area. They spend 230,000 won in average per month. Male students spent money more than female students and self-boarding students spent money more than other residental type students. The 90% of subjects thought they were healthy and the 25% of subjects exercised regularly. The subjects self-recognized their body as fat were more concerning about their weight control and had more weight control experience. SeIf-boarding students tended to skip their meals and had unbalanced diet. Students who lived in dormitory tended to skip meal less. Female students showed higher scores at balanced diet, snack intake, and left meal than male students. Self recognized their body as medium showed lower scores at overeating and eating irregularly. The amount of consumption of carbonated beverage was the highest among several instant foods. The frequencies of intake of those instant foods were different by gender, residental types, and eating behaviors.

This paper was developed to determine the university students' coping behavior pattern in meal management with Korean economic crisis in 1997. The data was collected from 544 university students in Ulsan areas. The coping behavior consisted of 26 items which were categorized into 4 factors; (factors were named as related to): 'decrease of intakes factor' ,: 'change to the cheaper choices factor' ,: 'increase of meals at home factor' and 'emphases on quantity sacrificing the quality factor'. Socio-economic variables affected differently the coping behavior in meal management and 4 sub factors. The amount of discretionary expenditure, the status of housing, the monthly household income and gender affected the coping behavior in meal management. The amount of discretionary expenditure and the monthly household income affected the decrease of intakes factor and the change to the cheaper choices factor. The amount of discretionary expenditure and gender affected the increase of meals at home factor and the emphases on quantity sacrificing the quality factor.

The issue of health and nutritional wellbeing becomes one of the utmost concerns for the welfare of the elderly in a society of increased aging populations. This study was conducted to assess nutritional state and to identify possible dietary factors that might influence health and nutritional state of the free living elderly women. Two hundred sixty two elderly women, aged 60-90 who are actively participating in a continuing education program for the elderly in Seoul area, were interviewed using a dietary habit questionnaire and a 24-hour recall. Anthropometric measurements such as heights, weights, body mass index, and tricep skinfolds and dental status were significantly different between the two age groups, 〈75 and ≥ 75 years of age. Sixty eight percent of the subjects were using nutritional supplements regularly, in the descending order of vitamin-mineral supplements(40%), botanicals(27.6%), tonic drinks(16%), and health foods(13.2%). For hot beverages, our study subjects drank coffee (33.6%) and green tea (17.9%) frequently, followed by doongulae, job's tears, citron and kyulmyung tea. With regard to micronutrients, vitamin C intake was found to be lower in the group aged over 75 compared to that below 75 (p〈0.05). Calcium intake was significantly higher among the elderly with good dental status followed by the groups with gingivitis, denture, and missed teeth with poor chewing abilities (p〈0.05). The amount of personal spending money was found to be a significant contributing factor (p〈0.05) to the energy and nutrient intake in an individual. The results of the present study can be applied to the identification of the possible factors that might intervene the aging process, to the planning of the nutrition education program, and to the development of health food products for the promotion of health and nutrition of the elderly women.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary patterns and behaviors of self-boarding college students in Wonju. This survey was carried out through questionnaries and the subjects were 118 man and 145 woman students of five colleges in Wonju. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The students who live in Kangwon Province, reaching 49.0% of the subjects, are the most prevalent. In the frequency of homecoming, 'twice a month' is the greatest. One-room system is the most prevalent in the self-boarding patterns. 2. 90.8% of the students have the electric rice cooking pot. Portable gas range, gas range, electric stove, in this order, are more general as cooking appliances. Specially, more than half of students, either male or female, have refrigerators. 3. 80.4% of students cook their own meal. 'once a day' in cooking frequency is the most prevalent. 4. The students, either male or female, prepare breakfast and dinner for themselves at home, and have lunch at the school cafeteria. They choose boiled rice mostly at any mealtime. 5.In the frequency of drinking, 'three times a week' in man students and 'two or three times a month' in woman students are the most prevalent. The drink shop and their own self-boarding room are most preferred as the place for drinking in the both case of male and female. 6. In the quantity of drinking of male students, 'more than three bottles of Soju', 'two bottles of Soju', and 'one bottle of Soju', in this order, are recorded more frequently and in the case of female students, comes 'one bottle of Soju' and 'one bottle of beer' in that order. 7. Male students drink to have a dim consciousness and female students to feel good. In this case there are differences. 8. After drinking in the previous night, more female students have a breakfast than male. While more female students have any kind of food, most of male students have a broth to relieve hangover or ramyun. 9. The causes for no breafast after drinking were 'rising late', 'stomachache', 'habits' in this cider. 10. After students self-examine their own health, they express their health state as 'usual', 'very healthy' 'not healthy' in this order. Most of male and female students point out the stomach as a painful part.

This study was undertaken to investigate college students' dietary behavior and consciousness of Korean traditional food during in 1996. 490 students in junlanamdo were asked to fill out the questionaries. The data was analyzed SAS package. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The average height and weight were 172.8 cm, 63.8 kg for male and 160.9 cm, 49.2 kg for female. Students' living their own home were 52.6% and self lodging students were 24.9%. 2 Eating type of college students appeared that they prefered to cooked rice at breakfast, dinner and lunch. 85.3% of college students prefer Korean food. Male have a meal for hunger and female for pleasure (p<0.002). 3. The standard of food choice were taste of food. Majority of college students(85.9%)) think that the Korean traditional food should be succeeded and developed. However, they want the taste of Korean traditional food to be changed for their preference (58.2%). Opinion of students on traditional food to be improved are the cookery (38.8%), the sanitation (26.7%), the presevation (24.7%), the taste (6.7%) and the nutrition (3.1%).

This study was undertaken to investigate dietary status, food habits, and nutritional knowledge of university students majoring in judo (n=239) and to evaluate the effect of dietary behavior on their athletic activities. Mean daily dietary intakes (3,854.0 kcal) were similar to mean daily energy consumptions (3,975.5 kcal). Average daily intakes of most vitamins and minerals were higher than Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances except for the intake of vitamin A. Self-confidence on judo affected dietary behavior of the subjects: Subjects who had more self-confidence on judo showed more interest in good nutrition and concerned more about foods which could promote their athletic activities. Many side effects were manifested after sudden weight control for judo competition during school days. Therefore, it is suggested that good education on nutrition is necessary not only for athletic students, but also for coaches and trainers of the students. Ten weeks of education on nutrition significantly improved both food habits and nutritional knowledge of the subjects. Food habits were positively correlated with self-confidence on judo. Therefore, it is suggested that improvement of food habits through good education on nutrition would be helpful to improve athletic activities of the students.

This study was carried out to investigate the differences of the dietary behavior of the college students by the type of the residence, that is, home-living, dormitory-living, and self-cooking. The responses of 307 students to the questionaire were analyzed. The average meal frequency of the students was 2.4 times a day. Breakfast was skipped most frequently, especially in dormitory-living and self-cooking students compared to home-living ones. Forty-three percent of the students were found to eat breakfast less than twice a week. Such a poor eating habit was mainly due to insufficient time or idleness. When the quality of the meal was evaluated, dormitory-living and self-cooking students had worse scores than home-living ones. The formers had poor dietary habit in terms of balanced breakfast and food diversity of each meal compared to the latter. Fast foods and coffee were consumed more frequently by dormitory-living and self-cooking students than home-living ones. The main food they eat was rice. However, female dormitory-living students had a higher tendency to enjoy bread for breakfast and noodle for dinner compared to the other groups. Home-living and self-cooking students had snack more frequently than dormitory-living ones, and female than male. In terms of snack time, most of the respondents had snack between lunch and dinner or after dinner. The percentage of those who had snack after dinner was greater in dormitory-living and self-cooking students than home-living students. Results of the food preference test showed that their favorite dishes were fruit salad, Bulgogi, uncurdled Tofu stew, Kimbab, and boiled rice. We observed that dormitory-living and self-cooking students had more problems in their dietary behavior. Therefore, they need to learn how to manage their own meals. This study might be helpful to develop nutrition education materials for the dietary improvement of the college students.