Denitrification activity of microbial communities in sand-gravel sediments and biofilms developing on a concrete riverbed of an urban small stream, Nogawa River, was measured monthly by laboratory incubations after the acetylene inhibition technique during une year from December 1987. The annual mean denitrification rate of the biofilm samples, 1.5 mgN m-2 h-1. was higtrer than the rate ut the sandgravel sediment samples. 0.8 mgN m-2 h-1. Contrary, ratios of the denitrified nitrogen to the total inorganic nitrogen fluxes was lower at the stretch where an attached microbial community developed un the concrete riverbed the stretch with sand-gravel riverbed. The longer residence times of water masses ut the site with a sand-gravel riverbed is responsible for the above relationship. Based on the average denitrifieation rates, if all the channel of Nogawa River were covered with concrete, the proportion of denitrified nitrogen to the input nitrogen should decrease to 1.3 %, whereas the ratio is 2.5% when the riverbed is composed of sands and gravel. The results suggest that the efficiency of nitrogen removal by benthic denitrification is strongly affected by the structure of a channel of the river.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value evaluation of foodstuff of 448 college students residing in the urban area. As a result of analyzing the value of each foodstuff, two to four factors were drawn from each foodstuff. The factors were classified into the social-conceptual factor, the preparatory factor, the quality factor, the economic factor, the subjective factor, and the complex factor. It was learned that the social-conceptual factor was dominant over the majority of college students in the evaluation of value of foodstuffs. There was a difference in the factor of the value evaluation for each foodstuff according to sex and the main growth region among the college students. A significant difference was found between the sexes regarding the preparatory factor and the economic factor. Also, in accordance with the main growth region, there was great difference in the social-conceptual factor(except for the Korean rice cake).

미국 캘리포니아주 Orange County에 위치한 Water Factory 21(WF-21)은 생물학적 처리공정을 거친 도시하수를 재생하여, 이 재생수를 지하수지층으로 유입되는 해수의 침투를 막기 위한 Reinjection System에 이용하고 있다. 장치 구성 공정은 Lime처리, Air Stripping, 사여과, 활성탄처리, 역삼투막 및 염소처리 등으로 이루어지며, 이에 대한 각 처리공정의 효율성에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 3년간의 장기간에 걸친 실험결과로부터, 도시하수에 대한 RO Membrane 처리수는 음료 수질 기준에 적합한 고수질의 물을 생성할 수 있음을 입증했다. Pilot Plant 실험에선 Lime Clarifier만으로 전처리를 실시하여 성공적인 결과를 얻었으며, 또한 저압 (250 psi)이 적용된 새로운 Membrane을 사용하여 에너지 절약을 통한 비용 절감 효과에 대한 실험도 상당한 가능성을 보여주었다.

Water samples were collected every one hour during July 23-24 1987 from the Minami-Asakawa River and sewage effluents into it. Mearldaily loading and budgets of some bioelements, such as carbon, nitrongen and phosphorrs, were estimated. the fluxeds of suspended matter, organic carbons and ammoioum appeared to remove by self-purification pocesses. On the other hand, those of nitrate, nitrite and chlorophyll a, which were considered to be produced in situ, increased with the river flow. From these results, it was suggested that the river is not only the place for transportation of bioelements but also that for their metabolism.

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 대구시(大邱市)의 주요 하천(河川)인 이천(梨川), 범어천(汎魚川), 칠성천(七星川), 신천(新川), 달서천(達西川) 및 공단천(工團川)의 오염상태(汚染狀態)를 조사(調査)하여 도시하수(都市下水)의 효과적(效果的)인 처리(處理)와 금호강(琴湖江)의 오염방지책(汚染防止策) 수립에 필요한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 제공(提供)코자 하였다. 시기별(時期別) 각(各) 하천(河川)의 pH, DO, COD, 질산염 및 인산염을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 1) 각(各) 지점별(地點別) 평균치(平均値)는 pH 7.3~8.2, DO 흔적~6.5ppm, COD 20.4~116.9ppm, T-N 23.2~31.7ppm, -N 18.3~27.7ppm, -N 0.08~1.89ppm, -N 0.19~1.51ppm, -P 2.50~17.28ppm이었다. 2) 지점별(地點別) 오염도(汚染度)가 가장 높은 곳은 공단천(工團川)이었으며 12개월(個月)동안의 평균치(平均値)는 pH 8.2, DO 흔적, COD 116.9ppm, T-N 23.2ppm, -N 18.3ppm, -N 1.89ppm, -N 1.51ppm, -P 17.28ppm이었다. 3) 시기별(時期別)로 비교(比較)하면 pH, DO, COD, T-N, -N의 함량(含量)과 pH는 겨울철이 여름철보다 높았으며 -N and -P의 함량(含量)은 여름철이 다소 높았다.

It is aimed to survey the housewive's interest and understanding on the Korean traditional dishes in relation to the importance and the significance of those dishes in the Korean traditional folk ceremony. Questionnaires were distributed to and answered by 667 housewives ranging from the the mother of kindergarden children to the mother of seniors in the university. Some of the significant findings and speculations derived from the analysis of data are summarized as follows: 1. About 90% of subjects have taken the knowledge on cooking the traditional dishes from their mothers and their grandmothers. And they have had many opportunities to known about traditional dishes through the home life education. 2. The kinds of the Korean traditional dishes which are used often at the folk ceremony are Tto k(Korean rice cake), Shikhae (fermented rice fruits punch), Sujong Kwa (persimmon fruits punch), Whachae(flower, fruits punch) etc. 3. About two thirds of the subjects have a little knowledge about Korean traditional special menu for the Korean folk ceremony, however, most of them observe New York's Day, Chusuk (The Korean Tranks giving Day), Dongji (The winter solstice), and Deborum (The 15th of the January on lunar Calender). 4. About 74% of the subjects use Korean traditional foods when they have Korean traditional folk ceremony. But there is a tendency to use nontraditional dishes among young housewives. 5. More than 73% of the housewives agree to the idea that Korean traditional dishes have to be succeeded and developed. 6. Most of the housewives think the Korean traditional folk ceremony is important and they are willing to make Korean traditional foods on the occasions, but they also think the ceremony must be rather simplified.

The results obtained by survey on 599 respondents of different age groups for preference of 84 prepared foods were subjected to statistical principal component analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, scheffe verification, and discriminant analysis so as to find a structure of preference for foods. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The results of the factor analysis indicate that 84 prepared food items may be classified into 3 groups and that by knowing an indvidual's preference to one prepared food, one can presume his preference to the others in the same group without carrying out actual test. 2. The results from an analysis of variance showed that most of primary school children extremely liked snacks, seniors liked Korean cooking, primary school children and collegians had weaknesses for western cookings while kindergarden children and adults over 50 years old disliked them.

In this study, numerical simulations using community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) were conducted to analyze the change in ozone (O3) concentration due to the reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions in Busan. When the NOx and, VOCs emissions were reduced by 40% and, 31%, respectively, the average O3 concentration increased by 4.24 ppb, with the highest O3 change observed in the central region (4.59 ppb). This was attributed to the decrease in O3 titration by nitric oxide (NO) due to the reduction of NOx emissions in Busan, which is classified as a VOCs-limited area. The distribution of O3 concentration changes was closely related to NOx emissions per area, and inland emissions were highly correlated with daily maximum concentrations and 8-h average O3 concentrations. Contrastingly, the effect of emission reduction depended on the wind direction. This suggests that the emission reduction effects may vary depending on the environmental conditions. Further research is needed to comprehensively analyze the emission reduction effects in Busan.

본 논문은 해외의 연구성과를 분석하여 중국의 삼림 휴양 건설 계획에 대한 시사점을 모색하였다. 본 논문은 해외 삼림 휴양 산업 시스템 계획을 바탕으로 다음과 같이 연구한다. 첫째, 삼림 휴양의 개념, 내용 및 삼림 휴양 시스템의 발전 현황을 포함하여 삼림 휴양 및 실제 운용에 대하여 검토한다. 둘째, 해외 삼림 휴양 소도시와 기지 등 사례에 대한 분석과 연구를 통하여 삼림 휴양과 관련된 건설내용을 총결하고 해외 선진 삼림 휴양 시스템의 건설계획 개념과 실행 경험을 분석한다. 셋째, 삼림 휴양 소도시의 건강관리 기능, 계획, 경관, 문화 등 설계이념과 시각, 청각, 후각, 촉각, 미각 등 오감을 포함한 자연자원을 분석하여 휴양 소도시의 자원상황에 대해 기본적인 내용을 파악한다. 마지막으로 독일 바덴바덴 온천 삼림 소도시 프로젝트 기지 계획 현황, 휴양 상품 개발 현황, 휴양 문화, 환경 및 시설의 장점에 대한 연구를 진행하고, 해외 선진 휴양 소도시의 건설과정에서의 선진성과 시사성을 분석하여 독일 삼림 휴양 소도시의 건설분석을 바탕으로 중국 삼림 휴양 소도시의 향후 건설 및 계획시 방법, 목표 및 방향을 명확히 한다.