Burning mosquito coils in indoor environments maygenerate smoke that can control mosquito effectively. This practice has been used in numerous households in Korea. However the smoke may contain air pollutants of health concern. We conducted the present study to characterize the emission from two common brands of mosquito coils from Vietnam and Malaysia, respectively. We measured mass emission of air pollutants of nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate(PM2.5), formaldehyde (HCHO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in completely closed chamber. Air pollutants concentrations resulting from burning mosquito coils could substantially exceed health-based air quality standards orguidelines. Under the same condition, air pollutants were measured by cigarette smoking to compare mosquito coil. Burning one mosquito coil would release the same amount of PM2.5 mass as burning 20~58 cigarettes. The emission of HCHO from burning one coil can be as high as that released from burning 27 cigarettes.

Experiments were conducted to analyze the concentration of sulfur compounds present in ambient air at the pg or ppt level. The compounds were estimated using GC/PFPD (Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector) analyses with a Thermal Desorber (TD). The analytical results showed very stable and precise retention time values (RSD: ＜ 0.22%), peak area (RSD: ＜ 3.9); the coefficients of the calibration curves were also determined (r²: ＞ 0.991). Also, with respect to the recovery rates of the sulfur compounds from dry air, those for H₂S, MM, DMS and DMDS were 94, 100, 113 and 114%, respectively. In order to evaluate the sulfur chemicals in humid air, a study was conducted at RH of 55 and 100%. The recovery rate at a relative humidity of 55% was similar to that under dry conditions. However, recovery rates of H₂S and MM at RH 100% were reduced to 70 and 77%, respectively.

본 연구는 제주지역 목장 토양 및 조사료 자원의 미량광물질 함량을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 제주지역 98 목장에서 187 토양시료(농암갈색 76, 흑색 111) 및 말 농가에서 활용되고 있는 이탈리안라이그라스 건초, 혼합목초 건초, 수입 알팔파 건초 각 60시료를 채취해서 분석했다. 토양시료는 화학특성(pH, 유효인산, 치환성 양이온 함량)과 미량광물질(Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mo, Se, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni) 총 함량 및 가용성 함량이

가축의 번식과 수요를 조절할 수 있는 생물학적 자극 통제 수단으로 새로운 돼지 페르몬성 냄새 물질를 탐색하고자, 기질 분자로서 2-cyclohexyloxytetrahydrofurane (A), 2-phenoxytetrahydrofurane (B) 유도체들의 설명인자인 물리화학 파라미터와 돼지 페로몬의 수용체 (pOBP)에 대한 결합 친화력 상수(p[Od.]50) 간의 2D-QSAR 모델을 유도하고 검토하였다. 2D-QSAR 모델은 결합 친화력 상수를 약 96.4% 설명하는 매우 양호한 모델(r2=0.964)로서 분자내 치환기의 소수성(SL) 상수에 관한 적정값이 (SL)opt.=1.418일 때 가장 높은 결합 친화력을 나타냄을 알았다. 그러므로 분자내 치환기의 소수성 인자가 결합 친화력 상수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소이었다.

This study was to investigate distribution characteristics for air pollutants and to assess probability of health effect for children in kindergartens from August, 2006 to January, 2007. The mean concentrations for standards of maintenance in kindergartens were 91.5 ㎍/㎥ for PM10, 1,185 ppm for CO2, 69.3㎍/㎥ for formaldehyde, 174 CFU/㎥ for TBC and 0.41 ppm for CO, respectively. For NO2, Rn, TVOC, and O3, the mean concentrations in kindergartens were 29.40 ppb, 1.51 pCi/ℓ, 257.3 ㎍/㎥, and 3.74 ppb, respectively. The I/O ratio of every air pollutants exceeded "1" except for O3. In results of calculated safety factor to assess probability of health effect for children by air pollutants in kindergartens, safety factor for CO2 was 1.2 for fixed point. It means that children have probability of health effect caused by CO2. In cases of Monte-Carlo analysis, safety factor for PM10 was 1.0 and safety factor for CO2 was 1.2.

The aim of this study was to investigate the legally-designated malodorous compounds at the plant boundary areas of 5 plants expected to emit high odor intensities, as well as! complaint area at the Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. The sampling was carried out during spring and summer of 2003 and 2006. The concentrations of ammonia, sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) emitted during 2006 were higher than those emitted during 2003, and the concentrations emitted during summer were higher than those emitted during spring at the plant boundary areas. It was thought that the concentrations of odorants in the complaint area had been directly influenced by the concentrations of odorants in the plant boundary areas as they showed similar patterns of concentration variations. While the concentration of TMA during 2006 was lower than during 2003 at the all sampling sites, the concentration of styrene during 2006 was higher than during 2003 at the all sampling sites. The sites showed high concentrationsof odorous compounds at the plant boundary area of the related chemical and petrochemical refinery plants.

This study was performed to obtain the emission characteristics of odor compounds generated from a livestock wastewater treatment process. The sampling of odor compounds was performed twice, on May 9th and June 14th 2006, at 4 and 5 sites in the boundary and source areas, respectively. The odor concentrations obtained from the air dilution sensory test ranged from 10 to 100 in the boundary area. Of the 5 source sites, the odor concentrations found at the pre-treatment building had the highest values, which were 14422 and 20800 for the first and second dates, respectively. To estimate the major odor compounds produced during a live wastewater process, the contributions of 12 odor compounds to the total odor were calculated from the concentration and odor threshold values of each compound. At the pre-treatment building and outlet of the activated carbon tower of the source sites, the contribution of sulfur compounds to the odor was 97%, and at the outlet of the biofilter that of NH₃ was 90%. The order of the contribution to the odor in the boundary area sites was; from highest to lowest: H₂S, C₂H₆S, i-C₅H10O, C₃H₉N, NH₃. The correlation coefficient between the theoretical odor concentration from the odor threshold of 12 odor compounds and that obtained from the air dilution sensory test was 0.73. This result indicated a limit to the correct analysis of the odor concentration obtained from the air dilution sensory test when only 12 odorous compounds at a livestock wastewater treatment process are used. The odor removal efficiency of the deodorization facilities showed that for the activation carbon tower, the odor concentration was reduced to 4% and the contributions of H₂S, C₂H₆S and NH₃, which were estimated to be the major odor compounds, were reduced to 20, 26 and 11%, respectively. With respect to the bio-filter, the removal efficiency of the odor compounds revealed an odor concentration of 0% because the major odor compounds were calculated as negative percentages.

본 연구에서는 방사성폐기물의 화학처리공정에 자주 사용되는 유동관식 장치 중 튜브형 반응기, 다단식 용매추출 장치, 흡착탑 등 물질전달이 수반되는 장치에 있어 각종 매개변수들이 반응수율이나 물질전달수율에 미치는 영향과 민감도를 살펴보았다. 먼저 각 장치에 대한 거동을 묘사하기 위하여 수학적 모델링을 수행하였고 전산모사를 통하여 해당 장치의 거동을 예측하였다. 그리고 그 결과로부터 해당 공정의 고유한 매개변수들이 반응수율 또는 물질전달수율에 미치는 영향과 민감도를 분석하였다. 튜브형 반응기에서는 확산계수, 반응속도상수 등이 반응수율에 미치는 영향을, 다단식 용매추출 장치에서는 연속상과 분산상의 분배계수, 연속상 흐름의 역혼합 등이 추출수율 및 장치 내 농도 분포에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 또 흡착탑에 있어서는 흡착평형상수 및 유체-흡착재간 물질전달계수 등이 흡착 속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

특정 구획으로 유입된 오염물질이 해당 구획 내부에 순간적으로 균일하게 분포한다는 구획모델에 대한 기본가정의 한계로 인해, 전통적인 단일구획모델로는 불포화대에서 오염물질의 이동현상을 적절하게 예측할 수 없다. 한편 물리적으로 동일한 불포화대를 여러 개의 구획으로 구분한 다중구획모델링 기법은 실제 불포화대에서의 오염물질 이동 지연효과를 적절하게 설명할 수 있으나, 지금까지 일반적인 해석해가 보고된 바 없으며 고려하는 구획의 개수가 증가할수록 모델링에 많은 시간이 소요되는 등의 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여, 이류가 지배적인 조건 하에서 불포화대의 오염물질 이동현상에 대한 다중구획모델을 수립하고 이를 해석적인 방법으로 계산할 수 있는 일반해를 유도한 후, 다중구획모델을 단일구획모델로 근사할 수 있는 수학적 제약조건을 도출하였다. 단순화된 근사방법론의 유효성은 가상적인 조건 하에서 간단한 수치해석적 방법을 통해 검증하였다. 물리적으로 동일한 특성을 갖는 불포화대를 단일 구획으로 가정할 경우, 불포화대로부터 포화대로 유입되는 오염물질의 전이율은 상수가 아닌 시간 종속적인 명목전이율로 표현할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 또한 명목전이율은 불포화대 구획간 전이율에 민감하며 오염층으로부터의 전이율에 대한 민감도는 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구에서 개발된 단순화된 근사방법론은 많은 시간이 요구되는 다중구획 모델링을 통하지 않고 불포화대 오염물질 이동현상을 신속하고 합리적으로 예측하기 위한 목적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

토마토 유묘의 생육에 미치는 glycine betaine의 엽면처리 효과를 분석한 결과, 초장이나 건물중 등의 생육이 대조구인 증류수 처리에 비해 촉진되는 경향을 보였으며 25mM glycine betaine 처리가 가장 좋았다. 저온스트레스 하에서 삼투조절 역할을 하는 가용성 당과 proline의 축적량이 증류수 처리에 비해 glycine betaine처리에서 낮은 경향을 보여 외부에서 엽면 처리한 glycine betaine이 삼투조절 역할을 한 것으로 판단되었으며 이러한 결과는 수용성 단백질과 유리 아미노산의 축적 양상에서도 잘 반영되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 glycine betaine의 엽면 처리는 저온기 시설 토마토 재배 시 야간 저온장해를 극복할 수 있는 방법으로서 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes emission as a function of airtight time in new apartment. Sampling was undertaken at 34 new apartments located in 4 different cities of Korea from February to November 2005. The measurement data were collected every one hour from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. toward increasing airtight time in a day. The concentrations of VOCs and aldehydes were analysed by GC/MS and HPLC method, respectively. These methods showed good sensitivity, linearity, and repeatability. In this study, the most abundant compounds at new apartments appeared to be toluene, m,p-xylene, formaldehyde and acetone. Moreover, the concentration variations at a closed rooms progressively increased by airtight time of 5 hours. Airtight time of new apartment was a most important and affective factor which influenced concentration change.

오이묘가 저온피해를 입기 전, 후 토양수분조건과 몇 가지의 화학물질처리가 오이묘의 냉해 경감에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과 토양수분 -0.3bar 적습상태에서 07:00시에 2℃로 저온처리를 했을 때, 생존율은 28.3%이었으나 -5.5bar에서는 83.3%로 높아져 토양수분이 건조하면 저온피해가 감소되었다. 그러나 18:00시에 저온처리하면 -0.3bar에서도 생존율은 87% 이상이었다. 토양수분이 건조하면 엽신의 ABA함량은 크게 증가되었다. 저온처리 전, 후 ABA의 토양 및 엽면처리는 오이묘의 생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰고 세포의 전해질 누출량도 현저하게 감소시켰으며, 수량의 감소를 경감시켰다. 또한 ABA 처리는 저온처리 후보다는 저온처리 전에, 엽면처리보다는 토양에 처리하는 것이 보다 효과적이었다. ABA(10-5M)와 더불어 요소(0.2%)와 KH2PO4의 엽면살포는 오이의 생장과 수량에 미치는 저온피해를 경감시키는데 효과적이었다.

We investigated dilution ratio values of the threshold limit (DRVTL) and 12 odorous compounds from a number of emission points (stack and process) and boundary areas of 10 chemical industries in the Ban-Woll and Shi-Wha Industrial Complex in Gyeonggi Province. The results of our study suggest that differences in odor emission concentrations are caused by such as factors as : suitability and operational conditions of prevention equipment, suitability hood of process and exhaust ventilation system, differences of raw materials of chemical industry. It was found that trimethylamine and hydrogen sulfide recorded the highest contribution from two types of emission points (stack and process), respectively. Show some actual concentration values here, hydrogen sulfide recorded its maximum values from leather industry, while trimethylamine for hexamine production industry. On the other hand, the results of dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and methyl mercaptan were not useful, as their concentrations were not significantly high enough to judge from such respect. In the view-point of dilution ratio values of the threshold limit, the average emission ratio of stack and process from 10 chemical industries was 57, 43%, respectively. Therefore, it is important that the odor emission value from process and stack have to minimize and regulate for management of industrial odor.