The physiochemical properties of dried yam (Dioscorea batatas) by freeze dryer, cold-air dryer or hot-air dryer were examined for chromaticity, water absorption index (WAI), water soluble index (WSI), rehydration, viscosity properties and pasting properties. Freeze dried yam was maintained higher degree of lightness and higher WAI and WSI than those of cold-air or hot air dried one. In the case of rehydration, freeze dried yam was restored within one hour. The viscosity properties of freeze dried yam were the highest viscosity in all shear rates. Freeze dried yam was milled by roll mill (RM), pin mill (PM) or jet mill (JM) to evaluate for particle size, starch damage, pasting property and microstructure. Particle size was JM < PM < RM as 13.85~112.50 μm. In the result of starch damage, it was the highest value as 8.83 in JM, was the lowest value as 7.47 in RM. In pasting property, JM had relatively low viscosity at all shear rates. In the Microstructure by measuring scanning electron microscope, JM particle surfaces were rough with high starch damage, and particle size was confirmed fine particles in JM.

The conditions of blanching, freezing, and thawing for Shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris [L.]) were studied to improve its quality attributes during frozen storage. The washed samples were blanched with water at 100oC for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. They were then soaked in cold water. The quality characteristics of the samples such as pH, texture, hardness, color value, and total viable cell were analyzed. The samples blanched for 30 s were frozen and thawed under several conditions and their physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. The pH value of raw samples was higher than that of the blanched sample. The values of brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) decreased after blanching except the L* value of root at the condition of blanching for 40 s. Upon considering the bacterial cell counts, the proper condition was determined to be 30 s of blanching time. Blanching for 30 s was the optimal pre-treatment for minimizing the quality deterioration of the shepherd’s purse for freezing. Regarding its color change and microbial safety, faster freezing and thawing methods made less changes on the quality of frozen samples. Consequently, immersion freezing and radio-frequency thawing were the most effective in minimizing the quality change.

When weapon system is designed and developed, a reliability is one of important factors to determine the development goal. The reliability analysis of the weapon system and equipment is based on MIL Specification, MIL-HDBK-217F and MIL-HDBK-338B. And the weapon system is operated on various environments by operating concept of the military using the weapon system. This study, at first, present failure rate by PSA comparing with failure rates by PCM, the different reliability analysis method, for same CCA(Circuit Card Assembly). And the study present change of reliability analysis results for CCA on various operation environment condition..

It is important to complete the project within the specified time period and the limited budget in the current rapidly changing business environment. It is difficult to predict the cost of the project in early stage because of the large-scale trend. Budget shortfall due to the failure of cost prediction serves as a higher risk of success. Most previous studies to prevent the risk such as budget shortfall have investigated the direct costs. However, research on the overhead costs are insufficient in terms of both quality and quantity. Direct costs are easily computed for each basis of calculation. But overhead costs that include indirect costs except indirect material cost(IMC) are necessary reasonable and efficient management because they are changed in accordance with the rate of overhead costs. In this paper we introduce an analysis method of overhead costs applied for a Space Launch Vehicle R&D Project.

Recently, graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively investigated for gas and liquid separation because thin-film GO membranes show quite interesting separation performance. However, even GO membranes exhibit relatively low gas permeability due to high tortuosity caused by high aspect ratio of GO. Normally, the size of GO is in the range from a few hundred nanometers to a few micrometers, so inherent gas permeability would be very varied. For practical applications of GO membranes, the gas permeability should be improved. As such, in this study, we have modified the pristine GO sheets to reduce the gas permeation pathway, with maintaining GO’s excellent gas separation properties. This study will provide a further insight on how such two-dimensional nanosheets can be used for membrane applications, competing with existing membrane materials.

The purpose of this study is to delineate and analyze the expression of the kidult and its characteristics and thereby provide data to be used for fashion design in various manners as well as to suggest creative and varied possibilities of fashion design. As a way to study, the author of this paper organized the general terms, concepts and definitions concerning the kidult in the previous papers and journals. The data was collected from the collections represent the characteristics of kidult especially from 2006 to 2015. The results are as follows: Firstly, The characters stimulating the innocence of children were used the most for infantile expression. Parody used characters in the movie or famous logos. Déformation was used to create designs by way of distortion and deformation. Exaggeration thereby showing visually strong impression and inducing surprise and unexpectedness. Dépaysement was useful to let us describe concepts and enhance our infinite creativity and interests about objects using surrealistic. Secondly, Infantile characteristics used the images of toys with infantile imagination and sense of humor. Fantasy introduced objects or expressed a dream-like feeling. Unexpectedness used two-faced ideas or conflicting ideas to express conflicts, collision and an interchange with heterogeneous things, avoiding the limit of size and the simplicity of materials. Parody used jocular expressions, satire and ironic expressions to express the original image in a fun manner. Exaggeration transformed changed the structure to restructure objects in a subjective and creative manner, thereby expressing creative patterns using various subject matters by way of special modeling or distortion and transformation.

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of a sexual image and verify the method of its design expression through case studies of the sexual image evening dress shown in an Haute Couture Collection over the last 10 years (2005~2014). The results of analysis are as follows: First, “expression by the seeing through of the natural body” expressed a natural sexual image that combined fashion of the previous times with the beauty of the natural body by using a see-through material and classic or ethnic image. Second, “expression of a sexual-image look that emphasizes romantic detail” illustrated a romantic sexual image that emphasizes feminine sensitivity by mixing various ornamental elements such as see-through material and symbolism of underwear image. Third, “creation of a nude look using skin color” expressed sexual image of an evening dress by inducing erotic sexual association through a combination of opaque material of skin color and design shape that is intended for body exposure. Fourth, “combination of sexual symbol and heterogeneous elements” expressed a decadent, avant-garde and futuristic sexual images by using women’s underwear and a sexual symbol as design motif and mixed with mismatching elements. Fifth, “use of a fantastic black image” expressed an exclusive and refined sexual image and a decadent and primitive sexual image by using a fantastic image of black color. The results of this study are expected to be used for the design process of the eveningdress industry that aims for quality improvement.

본 연구는 멸종위기 야생생물 Ⅰ급 풍란의 증식 및 복원을 위한 효율적인 복원을 위해 증식기술과 복 원 후 생장조사를 통한 복원기술개발을 목적으로 수행되었다. 한려해상국립공원 자생지에서 채취한 씨 방을 종자의 적정 생장배지 구명을 위해 4개 배지별 분석결과, 식물체 폭, 잎수, 잎길이, 뿌리수에서 전체적으로 LMWP 배지에서 생장율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 증식된 270개체를 대상으로 식물체 높이, 식물체 폭, 촉수, 잎길이, 잎폭, 잎수 등 6개 항목을 조사하였고, 조사시기는 이식 전, 이식복원 100일 후 1차 모니터링, 이식복원 1년 후 2차모니터링 등 3회를 실시하였다. 생장량 분석결과, 복원 전 조사, 사후모니터링 1차 조사의 생장량보다 사후모니터링 2차의 생장량이 증가한 것은 풍란이 동절기 후에 기 온이 높아지면서 대부분의 성장이 이루어졌기 때문으로 판단된다. 단순 주 효과 분석을 실시한 결과, 부착개수에 따른 생장차이는 없었으나, 부착방법에 따른 촉수와 잎수에서 수태와 돌 부착방법이 유의수 준으로 나타났다. 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 생존율의 영향인자를 분석한 결과, 생존확률에 영향을 미치는 인자는 나무부착 여부가 부정적인 인자로 영향력이 가장 크게 나타났으며, 잎수가 적을수록 생존확률이 높게 나타났다. 향후, 미기후 환경인자와 생존율, 부착방법과 부착개수에 따른 생장율 관계 구명을 통 한 다각적인 분석이 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

This study aimed to evaluate the quality characteristics of Gastrodia elata Blume fermented by lactic acid bacteria after saccharifying by 3 methods including enzyme, malt, and rice-nuruk. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Pediococcus inopinatus BK-3, isolated from kimchi could reduce the unpleasant taste and odor of Gastrodia elata Blume. The total acidity value of Gastrodia elata fermented by LAB on the malt and rice-nuruk extract solution for 3 days was 2.23% and 2.33%, respectively. After saccharification by malt and rice-nuruk extract solution for 3 days, the viable cell number of fermented Gastrodia elata was 9.14 log cfu/mL and 9.27 log cfu/mL, respectively. The total acidity values were increased above 3.35% by malt and rice-nuruk extract solution for 8 days. Thus, the viable cell number was the highest by malt and rice-nuruk extract solution fermentation for 3 days. The amino acid content of Gastrodia elata fermented by LAB after saccharification by malt extract solution was higher than that of other saccharifying methods. The free sugar content and p-hydroxybenzyl derivatives induced by the enzyme method were higher than those of other saccharifying methods. The overall acceptability was the highest at 4.2 point in Gastrodia elata fermented by malt extract solution.

최근 국제무역의 증가 및 기후변화로 국내로 유입된 미기록 외래곤충이 매년 확인되고 있으며, 유입된 종의 확산 및 피해가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 국내 외래생물 목록 또한 증가하였는데, 환경부 기준 국내에 유입된 외래생물은 2009년 896종에서 2014년 2,167종으로 증가하였으며, 2,167종 중 동물은 1,833종, 곤충을 포함한 절지동물은 149종이다. 외래곤충은 종마다 특유의 서식처와 기주식물, 출현 시기 등을 가지고 있기 때문에, 일반적인 곤충조사방법 으로는 조사가 제대로 이루어지지 않는다. 따라서 국내 유입 외래곤충의 정확한 조사가 이루어지기 위해서는 각 종의 특성에 맞는 조사방법이 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유입된 외래곤충 중 피해가 확인되었거나 우려되는 주요 종들의 조사 방법을 국립환경과학원과 국립생태원에서 수행한 사례를 중심으로 살펴보고 제안하였다.

최근 외국에서 유입된 외래해충에 의한 피해가 확산되면서 외래해충의 피해가 나오기 전에 해충 예찰조사를 통한 조기 발견 및 대응에 관심이 많아지고 있다. 현재 농림축산검역본부에서 수행하고 있는 검역해충의 예찰 방법의 특징은 중요한 검역해충인 금지해충의 검출을 위해 특화된 트랩을 사용하고 있다. 반면에 일반적인 외래해충은 예찰대상이 특정되지 않아 수입식물재배지를 중심으로 정기적인 조사를 실시하고 있다. 이미 유입된 외래해충의 예찰을 위해서는 대상 해충의 목록을 먼저 선정하고 적합한 예찰 방법을 적용하여야 한다. 유인방법이 없을 경우 빠른 시간내에 유인제와 트랩개발과 같은 기초연구가 선행되어야 하며, 이를 위한 전문인력의 양성이 시급하다.

포스핀 정제는 비용이 저렴하고 잔류량이 적어 세계적으로 저곡해충 방제에 널리 이용되고 있는 식물검역 훈증제이 다. 그러나 훈증시설 내부 온습도의 영향으로 기화량이 감소하여 약량을 과도하게 투약하는 현상이 나타남에 따라 중국, 호주 등 45개국에서 포스핀 저항성 해충이 발생되고 있다. 이에 포스핀 저항성 해충을 방제하기 위한 방안이 요구됨에 따라 본 연구에서는 포스핀 저항성 정도에 따른 적합한 방제 농도 및 훈증시간을 설정하기 위해 쌀바구미에 대한 포스핀 저항성을 판별하고 저항성 수준을 측정하였다. 어리쌀바구미의 포스핀 저항성은 FAO 매뉴얼(PH3 0.039mg/L, 20 hr)을 참고하여 그 결과에 따라 포스핀 저항성과 감수성으로 나누어 사육 및 실험에 사용하였다. 실험은 상온에서 20시간동안 진행하였으며 그 결과 포스핀 저항성 쌀바구미 성충의 LCT99값은 78.558 mg h/L, 포스핀 감수성 쌀바구미 성충의 LCT99값은 0.672 mg h/L였다.