Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clinicopathologic disorder characterized by proliferation of histiocyte- like cells (langerhans cell histiocytes) accompanied by varying other inflammatory cells. LCH commonly involves the oral and maxillofacial region, but is very rarely seen. Then LCH has made it difficult to investigate the clinical and histological aspects. We investigated LCH of oral and maxillofacial region and analyzed clinical and histological characteristics. We reviewed the records of all patients who were diagnosed as LCH, retrospectively. Data included patient’s age, sex, chief complaint, clinical diagnoses, radiologic and histologic reports, and clinical course. We analyzed clinical and histological characteristics. From 2000 to 2007, 8 patients were diagnosed as LCH. 7 were children and 1 was adult. All cases involved mandible. Clinical type of all cases were“eosinophilic granuloma”. 6 cases were classified as“unifocal disease”and 2 cases were“multifocal single system diseases”. Microscopic findings commonly showed numerous histiocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm (langerhans histiocytes). In 6 cases, immunohistochemical study was accomplished and confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. 6 cases were cured and not recurred, and 2 cases had loss of follow- up. Unifocal disease type of LCH may arise in Korean people more frequently than in western people (75% Vs 49%). Therefore, the higher frequency of unifocal disease of LCH is expected to raise the cure rate and to improve patient prognosis in Korean patients with LCH.

The pattern of wound healing process differs markedly according to the cell types. Gingival wounds heal more rapidly without scar, however dermal wounds show collagen laid down in thick disorganized patterns and keloid formation. This h as b een s uggested t o be d ue t o the presence of d ifferent E C M components a nd c ytokines a s well a s growth factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of genes in connection with keloid formation in gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) in response to inflammation. In this study, we investigated the differences between hGFs and hDFs in the expression and production of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) which play important roles in collagen deposition in wound healing. The hGFs and hDFs were primary cultured and allocated to arachidonic acid (AA) treatment group and control group. Protein and mRNA were extracted right after (0 hr) and 24 hr after AA treatment. At a defined concentration of AA in hGFs and hDFs, MTT assay was performed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2, TGF-β, collagen 1 and 3, MMP 1 and TIMP 1 were examined by Real-time PCR and Western blots. The amounts of PGE2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of COX-2 and TGF-β exhibited reduced levels in hGFs , but were increased in hDFs at 24 hr after AA treatment. Production of PGE2 was increased in hGFs and hDFs at right after AA treatment but, not changed at 24 hr after AA treatment. The protein and mRNA expression of collagen 1 and 3 were decreased in hGFs , whereas increased in hDFs at 24 hr AA treatment. Expression of MMP-1 protein was increased in hGFs at 24 hr but, was decreased in hDFs at 24 hr compared with that of control. The protein expression of TIMP-1 was decreased in hGFs but, was increased in hDFs at 24 hr compared with that of control. These observations demonstrate differential expression between gingival and dermal fibroblasts in regulation of collagenolytic capacity by extracellular matrix-associated genes in keloid formation associated with wound repair.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. It is generally thought that adjuvant chemotherapy provides modest prolongation of survival in various carcinoma. Docetaxel (Taxotere, TXT) play a significant role in the treatment of various solid tumors of epithelial origin. CsA (immunosuppressive drug) was widely used as adjunct for the treatment of cancer. Thus, it is important to pursue the apoptosis of IHOK and oral SCC induced by TXT combined with CsA related to the pathogenesis of oral SCC. But TXT combined CsA effect on IHOK and oral SCC remains unclear. After cultured IHOK and HN 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line treated by 10 nM TXT and 1 μM, and caspase inhobitor, respectively, apoptosis index, cytochrome c and caspase-3 -8, -9 mRNA expression by RT-PCR, and procaspase-3 protein amount by immunoslot blotting was prepared. The purpose of this study were to examine the TXT-induced apoptosis pathway via caspase activation by CsA enhancement, and to apply these results to an effective therapeutic treatment plan for oral SCC by TXT combined CsA . 10 nM TXT showed about 60%, 55% celluar apoptosis of IHOK and HN 22, cell line, respectively, while CsA alone did not induce apoptosis in IHOK and HN 22 cell line. 1 μM CsA combined with 10 nM TXT increased apoptosis in IHOK and HN 22 cell line through caspase-3 and cytochrome c mRNA expression, while could not effect on caspase-8 and -9. Caspase inhibitor suppressed apoptosis of IHOK and HN 22 cell line induced by a combination of 1 μM CsA and 10 nM TXT. Immnoslot blotting showed procaspase-3 activation by a combination 1 μM CsA and 10 nM TXT, while caspase inhibitor inhibited activation. It suggested that a combination of CsA and TXT might induce increased apoptosis of IHOK and HN 22 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line through caspase-3 activation. This treatment with a combination of TXT and CsA may be an effective therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) plays an important role in regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and metastatic functions. Constitutive activation of NF-KB has been observed in various cancers; however, molecular mechanisms resulting in such activation remain elusive. Numerous evidences showed that over expression of TGase 2 might be linked with constitutive activation of NF-KB. To understand the pathways responsible for constitutive activation of NF-kB is important for rational design of NF-kB inhibitors for cancer therapy. Human salivary gland adenocarcinoma has been most aggressive solid tumors. Current therapy does not significantly improve survival rates. Thus, to investigate new therapeutic modalities against this adenocarcinoma is necessary. The purpose of this study was to study a constitutive activation of NF-kB with the expression of TG2 in SGT cell line origianted from human salivary gland adenocarcinoma by TGase 2 activity, RT-PCR and immunoslot blotting method. SGT cell line showed the highest TGase 2 activity and NF-kB activation than any other cell line. All the cell lines showed increased NF-kB mRNA activation after A231027 treatment than that of control. In immunoslot blotting, SGT cell line showed NF-kB activation correlated with TGase 2 expression after A231027 and BSA. It suggested that there might be a direct correlation between TGase 2 expression and NF-kB activation in SGT cell line.

자색고구마 추출물의 항산화 효과와 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 PC12 신경세포에 대한 보호효과에 대하여 연구하 였다. 자색고구마 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 44.25 mg/g, monomeric anthocyanin 함량은 2,394 mg/L로 나타났 다. 자색고구마 추출물의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylben-zthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 소거활성, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) 및 환원력은 농도 의존 적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide} reduction assay를 이용하여 자색고구마 추출물의 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 세포 생존율이 두드러지게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 산화적 스트레스는 신경세포막 손상 정도를 증가시키기 때문에 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay와 neutral red uptake assay를 이용하여 세포막 손상 보호효과를 조사한 결과 자색고구마 추출물 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 세포막 손상 보호효과가 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 따라서 자색고구마 추출물은 천연 항산화 소재 및 알츠하이머성 치매와 같은 신경퇴행성 질환의 예방 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 기대된다.

In this study, we investigated primary biocompatibility and osteogenic gene expression of porous granular BCP bone substitutes with or without strontium (Sr) doping. In vitro biocompatibility was investigated on fibroblasts like L929 cells and osteoblasts like MG-63 cells using a cell viability assay (MTT) and one cell morphological observation by SEM, respectively. MTT results showed a cell viability percent of L929 fibroblasts, which was higher in Sr-BCP granules (98-101%) than in the non-doped granules (92-96%, p< 0.05). Osteoblasts like MG-63 cells were also found to proliferate better on Sr-doped BCP granules (01-111%) than on the non-doped ones (92-99%, p< 0.05) using an MTT assay. As compared with pure BCP granules, SEM images of MG-63 cells grown on sample surfaces confirmed that cellular spreading, adhesion and proliferation were facilitated by Sr doping on BCP. Active filopodial growth of MG-63 cells was also observed on Sr-doped BCP granules. The cells on Sr-doped BCP granules were well attached and spread out. Gene expression of osteonectin, osteopontin and osteoprotegrin were also evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which showed that the mRNA phenotypes of these genes were well maintained and expressed in Sr-doped BCP granules. These results suggest that Sr doping in a porous BCP granule can potentially enhance the biocompatibility and bone ingrowth capability of BCP biomaterials.

This study examined the biostability and drug delivery efficiency of g-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (GMNs) by cytotoxicity tests using various tumor cell lines and normal cell lines. The GMNs, approximately 20 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical coprecipitation technique, and coated with two surfactants to obtain a water-based product. The particle size of the GMNs loaded on hangamdan drugs (HGMNs) measured 20-50 nm in diameter. The characteristics of the particles were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-TEM) and Raman spectrometer. The Raman spectrum of the GMNs showed three broad bands at 274, 612 and 771 cm1. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the GMNs were non-toxic against human brain cancer cells (SH-SY5Y, T98), human cervical cancer cells (Hela, Siha), human liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MCF-7), colon cancer cells (CaCO2), human neural stem cells (F3), adult mencenchymal stem cells (B10), human kidney stem cells (HEK293 cell), human prostate cancer (Du 145, PC3) and normal human fibroblasts (HS 68) tested. However, HGMNs were cytotoxic at 69.99% against the DU145 prostate cancer cell, and at 34.37% in the Hela cell. These results indicate that the GMNs were biostable and the HGMNs served as effective drug delivery vehicles.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the multipotent capacity and this potential can be applied for obtaining valuable cell types which can use for cell therapy on various regenerative diseases. However, insufficient availability of cellular source is the major problem in cell therapy field using adult stem cell sources. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been highlighted to overcome a limitation of adult cellular sources because they retain unlimited proliferation capacity and pluripotency. To use of hESCs in cell therapy, above all, animal pathogen free culture system and purification of a specific target cell population to avoid teratoma formation are required. In this study, we describe the differentiation of a mesenchymal stem cell-like cells population from feeder-free cultured hESCs(hESC-MSCs) using direct induction system. hESC-MSCs revealed characteristics similar to MSCs derived from bone marrow, and undifferentiated cell markers were extremely low in hESC-MSCs in RT- PCR, immunostaining and FACS analyses. Thus, this study proffer a basis of effective generation of specialized human mesenchymal stem cell types which can use for further clinical applications, from xenofree cultured hESCs using direct induction system.

To investigate the change of vaginal epithelial cell in estrus-induced Shih-tzu bitch, estrus was induced by PMSG (50 IU/kg, for 10 days) and hCG (1,000 IU, on Day 10) in 12 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the whole period of hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches. The first day of vulvar bleeding and the first day of male acceptant was on days (), and days after the first PMSG treatment. The duration of proestrus and estrus was days, and days. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus, and parabasal cell, small and large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. When it was timed from the first day of PMSG administration (Day 0), the cornification index (CI) was the high proportion in proestrus and estrus. The CI peak was maintained above 80% between Day 11~14 (4 days) and CI showed a peak at Day 12. These results indicated that the 12 Shih-tzu bitches showed positive estrus induction by vaginal smear test and observation of clinical estrus sign.

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is the fastest growing type of cancer in the United States. We report here the synthesis of a novel series of quinazolinylmethoxybenzene derivatives 1a-c and their antiproliferative activities against A375 human melanoma cell line. Among them, urea compound 1a (IC50 = 4.8 μM) having 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl moiety showed superior antiproliferative activity to Sorafenib (IC50 = 5.5 μM) as a reference compound. These results will helpful for designing structure of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of melanoma.

신생혈관 형성은 세포의 성장 및 상처 치유 과정에서 중요한 현상이다. 그러나 성장인자의 불균형은 시각 및 면역질환과 같은 다양한 질환을 야기한다. 이러한 질환을 치료하는 방법 중 신생혈관 형성을 억제하는 것이 중요한 방법 중 하나이다. AuNPs의 기능과 기전이 신생혈관 형성에 있어서 아직 밝혀진 바가 없다. 현재 PEDF가 항신생혈관 형성 물질로 제안되고 있다. 본 연구에서 우리는 AuNPs가 BRECs에서 VEGF로 유도된 세포의 증식 및 이동, 신

본 연구는 BRECs에서 AGEs로 유도된 세포의 이동 및 침윤에 있어서 AuNP의 역할에 관한 연구이다. 소 망막으로부터 내피세포를 분리하고, 세포 생존율은 MTT assay로 확인하였다. Wound migration assay는 BRECs의 이동력을 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. Tube formation은 on-gel system을 통해 확인하였다. AuNP의 apoptosis 유도는 caspase-3 assay를 통해 확인하였다. AGE-BSA은 세

Plasma cell myeloma is malignant disease of plasma cell in the bone marrow. Myeloma accounts for about 1% of all cancers. The solitary plasma cellmyeloma is rare tumors and account for less than 10% of plasma cell neoplasm. It is often progress to multiple myeloma at 30~40% despite successful local treatment with surgery and radiation therapy. We are reporting a case of solitary plasma cell myeloma on anterior Maxillary region that developed after kidney transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy.

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a ubiquitous protein of eukaryotic and archaeal organisms which undergoes hypusination, and known to play pivotal functions for the synthesis of proteins involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle control. Its nuclear localization has an important implication for the eIF5A functions in nucleus, but the evidence of the nuclear translocation is still in controversy. This study is aimed to elucidate the nuclear localization of eIF5A in the epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia by the immunohistochemistry using trypsin digestion to remove their cytoplasms. The keratinocytes of the acanthotic and basal cell layers in oral leukoplakia showed the complete removal of their cytoplasmic components, but the nuclei of those cell layers were remained on the microsection. The immunostainings using both polyclonal and monoclonal antibody against eIF5A showed the strong positive reaction in the nuclei remained after trypsin digestion. And the immunostaining was more intensely expressed in the nuclei of the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes than in the nuclei of the upper spinous keratinocytes. These data directly indicate the post-translationally modified eIF5A is abundantly localized in the nuclear matrix components including nucleoli, which are resistant to the trypsin digestion. It is also presumed that the nuclear eIF5A localized at the trypsin resistant nuclear matrix, i.e., histone and r ibosomal proteins, may be closely relevant to the control of mRNA production or to the nuclear-cytoplamic trafficking for mRNA transportation.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been classified as one of the causing factors of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little is known about HPV-related carcinogenesis in HNSCC. The purpose o f this s tudy i s to characterize immortalized human oral keratinocyte (IHOK) transfected by HPV16 E6/E7, IHOK/hcdk4 (IHOK transfected by pLXRN-hcdk4) and IHOK/hcdk4/hTERT (IHOK transfected by pLPC-hTERT-hcdk4) to reconstitute HNSCC in vitro. Conclusively, we established a new immortalized cell lines, IHOK/hcdk4 and IHOK/hcdk4/hTERT, to understand multistep carcinogenic process of oncogenic HPV16 E6/E7 in HNSCC.

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) and Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) show common histopathologic features such as enamel organ like epithelial islands or cords on the background of abundant fibrous stroma. Despite their similar histopathologic features, it was reported that they have different pathogenesis and clinical behavior. The purpose of this study was to rev iew clinicopathologic features of DA and AF among Korean subjects. 7 cases of DA and 4 cases of AF were retrieved from the files of Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH), and their clinical features, radiographic findings, and histopathologic features were reviewed and compared. DA occurred in 3 males and 4 females. They occurred from 24 to 62 years of age, showing the mean age of 42.7 years. 5 of the 7 tumors occurred in the maxilla, and all of them in the anterior region, showing predilection for the maxillary anterior regions. There was no recurrence. Radiographically, they showed well demarcated unilocular or multilocular radiolucency. AF occurred in 5 males and 2 female. They occurred from 6 to 29 years of age, showing the mean age of 14 years. All tumors occurred in the mandibular molar area. Recurrence was recognized in 1 case. Although DA and AF showed similar histopathologic features, they showed different clinical behaviors. While DA showed predilection for the anterior maxilla, AF did for posterior mandible. While DA occurred mainly in adults, AF did in adolescents. Recurrence was recognized not in DA but in AF. Therefore, DA and AF should be differentiated from each other in spite of similar histopathologic findings

단자엽 식물인 보리는 Agrobacterium을 이용한 형질 전환이 비교적 까다로운 편이다. 본 연구에서는 큰알1호, 내쌀보리, 올보리, 새찰쌀보리, 서둔찰보리,풍산찰쌀보 리의 유묘에 알칼리, 산화제, 환원제 등을 처리하여 화학 적 상처를 유발하였으며 이들에 감압진공을 이용한 Agrobacterium 형질전환을 실시한 후 GUS 유전자발현 을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 보리묘 생육을 일부 저하시킬 수 있는 농도의 화학물질 처리는 각기 다른 보리 품종의 형질전환율을 전반적으로 증대시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단 되었다. 화학물 중에서는 특히 hydrogen peroxide 처리 가 비교적 우수한 것으로 나타났다.