토마토 펄라이트 자루재배에서 배지종류별 유효수분 함량을 분석하여 관수안정성을 구명하고, 배지 내 수분이 시간의 경과 및 일사량에 따라 변해가는 양상을 조사함으로써 타이머 제어시 관수 전략을 수립하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 5단 수확이 끝난 토마토 6그루가 심겨져 있는 40L 크기의 펄라이트 배지를 배양액으로 포수시킨 후 배지 내 수분감소를 무게로 측정하였다. 배지 내 수분이 감소함에 따라 일중 무게 변화량도 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 무게 감소가 계측된 시간에서 다음으로 무게 감소가 계측된 시간까지 걸리는 시간 간격을 볼 때, 일중 최장 무게 변화와 흡수속도가 모두 점차 늦어지는 현상이었다. 즉, 수분스트레스에 의해 식물활력의 회복이 일출 후 점차 느려지는 것으로 나타났다. 실험에 사용한 배지의 경우 유효수분량은 30% 정도로 12kg이므로 배지의 수분보수력은 토마토의 수분 요구도를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험에서와 같은 상황일 경우 일일적산일사량이 1,519W/m2 혹은 601W/m2일 때, 관수를 하루에 5회 혹은 10회 타이머를 이용하여 공급할 경우의 적정 시간을 도출했다.

The pyrolysis of high density polyethylene(HDPE) and low density polyethylene(LDPE) was carried out at temperature between 425 and 500℃ from 35 to 80 minutes. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and wax according to the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Petroleum Quality Inspection Institute. The conversion and yield of liquid products for HDPE pyrolysis increased continuously according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time. The influence of pyrolysis temperature was more severe than pyrolysis time for the conversion of HDPE. For example, the liquid products of HDPE pyrolysis at 450℃ for 65 minutes were ca. 30wt.% gas oil, 15wt.% wax, 14wt.% kerosene and 11wt.% gasoline. The increase of pyrolysis temperature up to 500℃ showed the increase of wax product and the decrease of kerosene. The conversion and yield of liquid products for LDPE pyrolysis continuously increased according to pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time, similar to HDPE pyrolysis. The liquid products of LDPE pyrolysis at 450℃ for 65 minutes were ca. 27wt.% gas oil, 18wt.% wax, 16wt.% kerosene and 13wt.% gasoline.

본 시험은 논에서 가축분뇨를 활용하여 수수수단그라스 교잡종 재배시 생육특성, 수량 및 토양중의 질산태 질소의 변화를 구명하기 위하여 2003년부터 2005년까지 3년간 축산연구소(수원) 포장에서 시험을 실시하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수수수단그라스 교잡종의 생육특성 중 초기생육은 화학비료구 4.3에 비하여 가축분뇨를 시용한 경우 로 양호하였고 1차 예취후 재생은 화학비료구 3.0에 비하여 돈분액비, 발효돈분구는 각각 2.8로 양호한 반면

Eavan Boland finds her poetic identity in the significances of her birthplace of Ireland and her gender of an Irish woman. with this identity she shows a keen awareness of the fundamental sense of poetic ethics - to de-and re-construct the traditional literary frame imposed by male points of view, witnessing to the truths and facts of Irish women's experiences in the history of Ireland. In the broad sense of the Irish matter, Boland concerns with the artistic image and its relationship to the facts of women's lives in Ireland and she tries to find the poetic place of women in pointing the loss of women in Irish history and literary tradition. In this aspect Boland tries to find the proper images to suggest the true identity of women just in history not outside of history. So her dependence on the power of language and on the objective attitudes to the common lives and trivial things of women's lives is the proof for her poetic ethics. Some poems of Boland's blast the muse who helps men to write women as a queen to Ireland as a mother to the children and husband. Instead she urges the muse to keep her place beside women poets in creating the homely images. In creating the true images of women the common is present and she suggests the woman's potentiality as a subject and a viewer and as a mother and a poet. So Boland destabilizes the images of woman as a grand mythic queen and as an abstract composite of femininity. In this process Boland keeps her tone cold and cool even in showing her powerful views on the female identity. She achieves this attitude through 'looking' and 'watching.' She suggests to look into the mirror towards the general readers as well as poets herself even in her rage to the Irish literary tradition. So she keeps her own characteristic voices in finding and reintroducing the perspectives that run counter to the traditional Irish male views on woman and history.

Nanostructured metallic materials are synthesized by bottom-up processing which starts with powders for assembling bulk materials or top-down processing starting with a bulk solid. A representative bottom-up and top-down paths for bulk nanostructured/ultrafine grained metallic materials are powder consolidation and severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods, respectively. In this study, the bottom-up powder and top-down SPD approaches were combined in order to achieve both full density and grain refinement without grain growth, which were considered as a bottle neck of the bottom-up method using conventional powder metallurgy of compaction and sintering. For the powder consolidation, equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), one of the most promising method in SPD, was used. The ECAP processing associated with stress developments was investigated. ECAP for powder consolidation were numerically analyzed using the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with pressure and shear stress.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(2). This paper explores the characteristics of feminine and masculine language use through an examination of word frequency in modern Korean novels. Through several blind tests of sample paragraphs from sixteen novels by Kong Seon-ok, Kim So-jin, Shin Kyeong-suk, and Yun Dae-nyeong, subjects were required to identify the gender of the author. The most striking result of the blind tests involved the unanimous identification of two paragraphs from the same novel as feminine. Applying the monoconc program to this novel by Shin Kyeong-suk, an analysis was conducted on word frequency. The result showed that there was a high frequency of words that functioned as hedges, mitigators, and positive back-channel cues. Taking these words that apparently led the blind test subjects to deem the author of Shin's novel to be feminine, a word search was conducted for the other fifteen novels. Though certain words in Shin's novels showed a similar rate of frequency, it was discovered that they involved different collocations. Hence, it may be speculated that this brought about a more mixed response from the blind test subjects. Such explorations show that the perception of feminine/masculine language use involves not only individual words but more importantly, their collocation within sentences.

목적 : 이 논문의 목적은 운동 실행능력과 읽기, 쓰기에 바탕을 둔 시지각과의 관계를 알아보기 위함이다.연구방법 : 경남 김해에 위치한 초등학교에 재학 중인 1학년 아동 20명, 2학년 아동 20명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 시지각 능력 평가를 위하여 K-DTVP-2를, 운동실행능력을 평가하기 위하여 COMPS와 SIPT의 하위항목인 PrVC를 사용하였다. 결과 : 시지각과 운동 실행 사이에는 유의한 차이가 있었지만, COMPS, PrVC, K-DTVP-2 평가결과는 나이와 성별에서 차이가 없었다. K-DTVP-2는 PrVC와 COMPS와 관련이 있었다. VMI 점수는 2학년이 1학년보다 더 높았으며, 여기서 시각과 운동의 통합은 연령이 높아질수록 발달된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.결론 : 초등학교 1학년과 2학년의 시지각 능력은 운동 실행과 관련이 있었다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 몇 가지 제한점이 있었다. 첫째, 대상자가 김해에 국한되어 있으며, 둘째, 1학년과 2학년 사이의 연령차이가 없다는 것이다. 마지막으로 그 수가 적어서 특별히 다른 차이점을 발견할 수 없다는 것이다. 그러므로 향후에는 평균 데이터를 보여주기 위한 일정한 평가 기준이 마련되어야 할 것이며, 장애가 있는 아동의 운동 실행과 시지각과 관련된 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

To improve trunk stability, various exercise protocols were introduced into the clinical field. Trunk and lumbar stability exercises on unstable surfaces are especially recommended to improve lumbar stability. The purpose of this study was to compare abdominal oblique muscle activity during leg raising in hook-lying position among 3 different type of surface conditions (on floor (F), vestibular board (VB), and foam roll (FR)). Sixteen able-bodied volunteers, who had no medical history of lower extremity or lumbar spine disease, were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the internal and external oblique muscles of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a one-way repeated ANOVA. The results showed that the EMG activities of the internal oblique and external oblique of the lifted leg side during straight leg raising significantly increased under the FR condition when compared to the F condition. There was no significant difference of the EMG activity in abdominal oblique muscles between the VB and the FR conditions. The EMG activity of the internal oblique of supported leg side during the straight leg raising was significantly greater under the FR condition than the VB and F conditions (p<.05). The composition ratio of EMG activity of internal oblique muscles during straight leg raising was significantly increased under the FR condition. Therefore, straight leg raising exercise on foam roll in hook lying position could be beneficial to improve trunk and lumbar stability.

Most Authors reported that mouth guard is a part of equipment for body-contact sports players. Mouth guards protect orofacial injuries but have some problems in breathing and speaking. Some authors reported that mouth guards have also improve the muscle strength and sport ability. This experiment was performed to study the change of masseter muscle EMG after wearing of mouth guard. 10 D university male base ball players were participated in this study. After impression taking, mouth guards were constructed and weared. Masseter muscle EMG and nasal ventilation after ten day's adaptation were checked. They were requested clenching with or without mouth guard. EMG and nasal ventilation were checked by iworx 104 instrument simultaneousley. The result showed that masseteric EMG were improved and nasal ventilation were stable after wearing mouth guard. It concluded that mouth guard had improved muscle activity and stabilized the nasal ventilation depend on experimental method.

최근 30년(1976∼2005년)간 기상청 60개 관측 지점의 자료를 이용하여 강수 현상의 시 공간 변동 특성에 대해 분석하였다. 남한 전체 연 평균 강수량은 약 1310 mm이고 남부지역과 경기/강원 지역에서 많고(약 1300 mm 이상) 경북내륙지역에서는 적으며(1100 mm 이하), 강수 일수는 주로 소백산맥 주변지역에서 약 100일 이상인 반면 경북 내륙지역에서는 90일 이하로 공간차가 크다. 강수현상의 경년 변동은 주로 강수량 및 강수일수가 많고 강수강도가 강한 남부지방과 영동지역, 소백산맥과 그 서쪽 지역 그리고 남부와 중부지역에서 각각 크다. 강수량의 경우 남해안 지역에서는 과우해와 다우해의 연 강수량 차이가 최대 800 mm에 이를 정도로 경년 변동이 크다. 강수 현상의 계절 변동(여름집중도)은 경년 변동에 비해 지리적 환경(해발고도, 해안/내륙, 태백산맥의 동쪽/서쪽)에 더 밀접하게 연관되어 발생하고있다. 남해안(동해안) 지역에서는 봄, 여름과 가을의 강수비율이 각각 20(16)%, 53(53)% 및 20(24)%로 강수의 여름집중도가 약한 반면, 경기 내륙 지역에서는 봄, 여름과 가을의 강수비율이 각각 18%, 60%, 18%로 여름 집중도가 강하다. 또한 남한 전체 평균 여름 강수량 비율이 약 55%로 허창회와 강인식(1988)의 연구 결과 보다 약 5% 정도 높게 나타나 최근 강수의 여름 집중도가 심화되고 있음을 제시한다. 집중 호우 및 연강수량에 대한 집중 호우의 비율과 연강수량과의 상관계수가 각각 0.92와 0.75로 나타나 집중 호우의 발생 빈도가 연강수량에 비례해서 높아짐을 제시한다. 강수량은 해발 고도와 밀접하게 관련되어 있으며 강수량에 대한 지형의 영향은 강수량에 비례하게 증가된다.

토마토 초장의 경우 심층수처리는 대조구에 비해 두상관수는 50%, 저면관수는 58% 감소하였고, 표층수 처리구에서는 두상관수는 49%, 저면관수는 56% 감소하였으며, NaCl 처리구에서는 두상관수는 47%, 저면관수는 57%감소하여 저면관수 처리방법이 도장억제에 더 효과적이었다. 지상부 생체중의 경우 두상관수보다 저면관수에서 더 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 뚜렷한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 지하부 생체중 대조구에 비하여 두상관수는 38%정도 감소한 반면 저면관수는 49% 정도 감소하여, 저면관수에 의해 생육이 현저히 억제되는 결과를 보였다. 지상부와 지하부의 건물중은 생체중과 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과는 염에 의한 뿌리생육의 저하 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 경경은 대조구에 비해 감소하였지만 처리 방법 간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. T/R률에 비추어 보면 두상관수 처리에서 묘소질이 더 뛰어났으나, 묘의 충실도(compactness)는 처리구간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 토마토의 경우 초장의 억제정도나 묘의 충실도에 비춰보아 저면관수 방법이 도장억제에 더 효과적이라 사료된다. 오이의 경우 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 초장, 생체중, 건물중, 경경, 엽면적이 감소하였다. 저면관수가 두상관수에 비해 도장억제 효과와, 생육억제가 좀 더 뚜렷이 나타나기는 하였으나 두 처리간의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

Yeats and Keats differently introduced their notions of time circulation and eternal life. One expressed limitations of human which could be overcome by art. And the other introduced time flowing in harmony and peace. And in one poem, we can see something lively such as young people, birds, trees, salmon-falls, and in the other poem we can find laziness and leisure. However, there is some similarity in that they introduce the subjects of circulation of life and eternal life. Yeats shows the passage of time by the Great Wheel or gyre which develops in the course of formation, fullness, decline. And Keats also presents the passage of time by using the phrases such as “swell the gourd,” “plum the hazel shell,” “warm day will never cease.” These symbolize swelling and continuance of time. So we can find the way how time is flowing in their poems. In Yeats's “Sailing to Byzantium,” time travels from a youth to an old age, and in “To Autumn,” time travels from summer to autumn. In this circulation Yeats's immortality can be reached by the media of art. And Keats gets it by the circulation of seasons. So one continues to voyage with eagerness for Byzantium in which he could find his everlasting life through the mosaic of 15th century, and the other comfortably waits for next seasons. Two poets respectively develop their poems in different ways, but they finally achieve the same subjects of ever-lasting life in the passage of time. In conclusion, Yeats pursued immortality by separating spirit from the body, because the flesh would be decayed. On the other hand, Keats thought that the immortality could be acquired by being one with time. Unlike Yeats's “Sailing to Byzantium”, Keats's “To Autumn” has a tendency to keep harmony and reconciliation, instead of confrontation. Therefore, autumn enjoys “sitting,” and “asleep” without haste.